ac-mains-dat

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parts

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boards

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wall plug

Note

• The live wire of domestic circuits is usually red and is at high voltage.
• The neutral wire is black and has voltage close to that of the ground.
• The potential difference between these two wires in India is about 220 V.
• The earth or ground wire provides safety against faults and current leaks.
• Earth pin is longer to ensure earth connection happens first while connecting and last while disconnecting any devices.

1. What is AC (Alternating Current)?

• AC (Alternating Current) is the type of electricity commonly used in homes and buildings.
• The voltage alternates direction (50 or 60 times per second — 50Hz or 60Hz).
• It powers appliances, lights, outlets, etc.

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2. The Three Main Wires in an AC Circuit

🔴 Live (Hot) Wire

• Carries voltage from the power source (e.g., 120V or 220V).
• Dangerous – touching it can result in electric shock.
• Color: Often black or brown (varies by country).

🔵 Neutral Wire

• Returns current back to the power source to complete the circuit.
• Usually near 0V, but can still be hazardous.
• Color: Often white or blue.

🟢 Ground (Earth) Wire

• Safety wire, doesn't carry current under normal conditions.
• Connected to the earth – redirects electricity safely during a fault.
• Color: Usually green or green/yellow striped.

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3. How They Work Together (Water Analogy)

Water System	Electrical System
Water source	🔴 Live wire (carries power)
Drain pipe	🔵 Neutral wire (returns current)
Overflow pipe	🟢 Ground wire (emergency path)

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⚠️ Safety Notes

• Only Live wire carries full voltage.
• Neutral may still be dangerous if wiring is faulty.
• Ground is for safety and should not be live.
• Never touch wires unless the power is off and you are trained.

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✅ Use a multimeter to test wiring safely, and always follow local electrical codes and safety standards.

• ground-wire-dat

solutions

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• power-integrations-dat

DK112

1. DESCRIPTION

The DK112 is specially design for low power switch mode control, it is widely use in small household electrical appliances.

1. APPLICATIONS

• Battery charger ·DVD/VCD power supply
• Power AC/DC adapters ·Air conditioner power supply
• STB power supply ·AC/DC LED driver applications

• Electromagnetic oven power supply ·TV/Monitor power supply

1. MAIN FEATURES

• · 85V—265V wide range AC power input.
• · 65KHz Oscillation Frequency.
• · Double chip design with Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) to save cost.
• · Large scale MOS digital circuit design with E class BJT driving, so that to enhance its High Voltage Resistance capability.
• · Self-power supply design, no need for additional IC to supply the electricity.
• · Internal integrated constant high voltage current driving circuit, no need for additional resistance.
• · Over current, Over loading, Over temperature, Over voltage, Output short circuit and photo-coupler Failure Protection.
• · Internal Ramp Compensation circuit to keep the stability of the circuit in low voltage and high power condition.
• · Internal PMW oscillation circuit with Frequency jittering control to keep EMC characteristics.
• · Internal Frequency Conversion. Frequency-down in low load condition, comply with the Europe Standard (stand power<0.3W), also reduce the output voltage ripple.
• · Ramp current drive circuit included to reduce IC power loss and raise circuit efficiency.
• · 4KV Anti-Static ESD test.

APP

• power-booster-dat

ref

• power-dat