1. Primary Ferromagnetic Elements
In their pure form at room temperature, only a few elements are strongly attracted to magnets:
- Iron (Fe): The most common magnetic metal found in daily life.
- Nickel (Ni): Often used in coins and plating; it is magnetic but weaker than iron.
- Cobalt (Co): Highly magnetic and maintains its properties at high temperatures.
- Gadolinium (Gd): Becomes strongly ferromagnetic at temperatures below 20°C (68°F).
2. Common Magnetic Alloys
Most magnetic objects we use are mixtures of different elements:
- Steel: Since steel is primarily iron, most types (like carbon steel) are magnetic.
- Stainless Steel (Some):
- Ferritic & Martensitic (e.g., 430, 410): These are magnetic.
- Austenitic (e.g., 304, 316): These are usually not magnetic due to their crystal structure.
- Neodymium Magnets: A powerful alloy of Neodymium, Iron, and Boron (NdFeB).
3. Non-Magnetic Metals (Paramagnetic & Diamagnetic)
The following metals are not attracted to household magnets:
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Gold
- Silver
- Lead
- Titanium
- Brass & Bronze (unless they contain significant iron impurities)