BOM-DAT/Resistor-Dat/internal-resistance-dat/internal-resistance-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
1
+
2
+# internal-resistance-dat
3
+
4
+## New 12V Lead-Acid Scooter Battery - Internal Resistance
5
+
6
+- **SLA / AGM / Gel battery (12V, 7–12Ah typical for scooters)**
7
+- **Internal Resistance:** ~20–50 milliohms (0.02–0.05 Ω) per cell
8
+- **Total battery (6 cells in series, 12V nominal):** ~0.12–0.3 Ω
9
+
10
+### Notes:
11
+- Lower internal resistance = better ability to deliver high current (important for starting scooters).
12
+- Resistance increases with battery age, sulfation, or poor charge.
13
+- Measurement: typically done with a **micro-ohmmeter** or a battery internal resistance tester at low current (~1–5A).
14
+
15
+
16
+## Normal 18650 Battery Internal Resistance
17
+
18
+- **Typical Nominal Voltage:** 3.6–3.7V
19
+- **Capacity:** 2000–3500 mAh
20
+- **Internal Resistance (Fresh, New):**
21
+ - Standard Li-ion (e.g., Panasonic NCR, LG, Samsung): ~30–80 milliohms (0.03–0.08 Ω)
22
+ - High-drain Li-ion (e.g., for power tools, e-cigarettes): ~15–30 milliohms (0.015–0.03 Ω)
23
+
24
+### Notes:
25
+- Lower internal resistance → higher possible discharge current
26
+- Internal resistance increases with:
27
+ - Battery aging
28
+ - High temperature or deep cycling
29
+ - Poor storage conditions
30
+- Measured at room temperature (~20–25°C) and at low AC or DC test current
31
+
32
+⚡ Summary:
33
+
34
+A healthy new 18650 battery typically has 0.03–0.08 Ω internal resistance, with high-drain versions as low as 0.015–0.03 Ω.
35
+
36
+
37
+## tools
38
+
39
+- [[internal-resistance-meter-dat]]
40
+
41
+
42
+
43
+
44
+
45
+## ref
46
+
47
+- [[battery-rechargerable-dat]]
48
+
49
+- [[resistor-dat]]
power-dat/battery-pack-dat/2025-08-19-23-54-50.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/battery-pack-dat/2025-08-19-23-54-50.png differ
power-dat/battery-pack-dat/battery-pack-dat.md
... ...
@@ -136,6 +136,19 @@ How it ruins other paralleled batteries:
136 136
![](2025-07-23-19-32-32.png)
137 137
138 138
139
+## 分容
140
+
141
+先并联充好电，再串联24串一组 恒流放电，需要接个极空保护板计量容量，每次触发保护时标计一个单体的容量， 并移走替换满电的，直到一轮一轮的测完
142
+
143
+
144
+分容可以有这个: EBC-A10H 电池容量测试仪 充放电仪 电子负载 电源测试 5A充10A放
145
+
146
+
147
+YR1035+
148
+
149
+![](2025-08-19-23-54-50.png)
150
+
151
+- [[internal-resistance-meter-dat]]
139 152
140 153
## ref
141 154
power-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat.md
... ...
@@ -4,16 +4,38 @@
4 4
# rechargerable-battery-dat
5 5
6 6
7
-
8
-
9
-| **Battery Type** | **Typical Charge Time** | **Notes** |
10
-|----------------------|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
11
-| **Lead-acid** | 8-12 hours | Slow charge time, can be faster with a fast charger. |
12
-| **LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** | 2-4 hours | Similar to lithium-ion but may take slightly longer. |
13
-| **Lithium-ion (Li-ion)** | 1-3 hours | Fastest charging, especially with modern fast chargers.|
14
-
15
-
16
-
7
+## charge time
8
+
9
+| **Battery Type** | **Typical Charge Time** | **Notes** |
10
+| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
11
+| **Lead-acid** | 8-12 hours | Slow charge time, can be faster with a fast charger. |
12
+| **LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** | 2-4 hours | Similar to lithium-ion but may take slightly longer. |
13
+| **Lithium-ion (Li-ion)** | 1-3 hours | Fastest charging, especially with modern fast chargers. |
14
+
15
+
16
+
17
+## Common Rechargeable Battery Internal Resistance and Aging
18
+
19
+| Battery Type | Nominal Voltage | Capacity Range | Internal Resistance (New) | Internal Resistance After ~200 Cycles | Notes / Applications |
20
+| --------------------------- | --------------- | -------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
21
+| **AA NiMH** | 1.2V | 1800–2500 mAh | 20–50 mΩ | 30–80 mΩ | Consumer electronics, toys |
22
+| **AAA NiMH** | 1.2V | 600–1200 mAh | 30–70 mΩ | 40–100 mΩ | Small electronics, remote controls |
23
+| **18650 Li-ion** | 3.6–3.7V | 2000–3500 mAh | 30–80 mΩ | 40–120 mΩ | Laptops, power banks, flashlights |
24
+| **High-drain 18650 Li-ion** | 3.6–3.7V | 1500–3000 mAh | 15–30 mΩ | 25–50 mΩ | Power tools, e-cigarettes, high-current devices |
25
+| **26650 Li-ion** | 3.6–3.7V | 4000–6000 mAh | 10–40 mΩ | 20–60 mΩ | High-capacity flashlights, e-bikes |
26
+| **12V Lead-Acid (SLA/AGM)** | 12V | 7–20 Ah | 0.12–0.3 Ω | 0.15–0.4 Ω | Scooters, UPS, emergency lighting |
27
+| **12V LiFePO4** | 12.8V | 10–20 Ah | 5–20 mΩ | 10–30 mΩ | E-bikes, solar storage, UPS |
28
+| **9V NiMH** | 8.4–9V | 150–300 mAh | 150–300 mΩ | 200–400 mΩ | Smoke detectors, small electronics |
29
+| **NiCd AA** | 1.2V | 600–1000 mAh | 30–100 mΩ | 50–150 mΩ | Older toys, cordless phones |
30
+| **LiPo (3.7V per cell)** | 3.7V | 500–5000 mAh | 20–100 mΩ | 40–150 mΩ | Drones, RC cars, FPV drones |
31
+
32
+### Notes on Internal Resistance Change:
33
+- Internal resistance **increases gradually** with usage cycles and charging/discharging.
34
+- The amount of increase depends on:
35
+ - Battery chemistry and quality
36
+ - Depth of discharge and charging rate
37
+ - Temperature and storage conditions
38
+- Higher resistance results in **lower peak current capability** and slightly reduced capacity over time.
17 39
18 40
19 41
power-dat/battery-tester-dat/battery-tester-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
1 1
# battery-tester-dat
2 2
3
+## testing tools
4
+
5
+- capacity - [[electronic-loader-dat]]
6
+- internal resistance == discharge current - [[internal-resistance-meter-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+
3 10
4 11
## Q: Can I determine a lead‑acid battery's capacity by measuring its voltage with a multimeter for a fixed short time (e.g., 5 minutes)?
5 12
... ...
@@ -113,11 +120,6 @@ Detecting capacity and health of used lead‑acid batteries can be divided into
113 120
114 121
115 122
116
-## testing tools
117
-
118
-- capacity - [[electronic-loader-dat]]
119
-- internal resistance == discharge current - [[internal-resistance-meter-dat]]
120
-
121 123
122 124
123 125
## ref
tools-dat/internal-resistance-meter-dat/2025-08-19-23-51-26.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/tools-dat/internal-resistance-meter-dat/2025-08-19-23-51-26.png differ
tools-dat/internal-resistance-meter-dat/internal-resistance-meter-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,7 +1,49 @@
1
-
2 1
# internal-resistance-meter-dat
3 2
3
+- [[internal-resistance-dat]] - [[resistor-dat]]
4
+
5
+
6
+## Hioki Resistance Tester (Digital Low Resistance Tester / Micro-ohmmeter)
7
+
8
+A professional instrument for precise measurement of low or high-precision resistance in electrical equipment.
9
+
10
+**Features (sorted):**
11
+- High precision: Measures resistance from milliohms to megaohms with minimal error
12
+- Low resistance measurement: Accurate measurement of low resistance values (mΩ level) in motor windings, cables, contactors, and busbars
13
+- Portability & recording: Some models are handheld, with data storage and interface for exporting measurement records
14
+- Safety: Designed for live equipment or industrial environments; some models feature 4-wire (Kelvin) measurement
15
+
16
+**Applications (sorted):**
17
+- Contact resistance measurement in low-voltage distribution equipment
18
+- Maintenance and inspection of industrial electrical equipment
19
+- Motor winding testing
20
+- Transformer wiring inspection
21
+
22
+**English Names:**
23
+- Digital Low Resistance Tester / Micro-ohmmeter
24
+- Hioki Resistance Tester
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+## version plus with multimeter
29
+
30
+- [[multimeter-dat]]
31
+
32
+UT70A
33
+
34
+![](2025-08-19-23-51-26.png)
35
+
36
+
37
+## TS457
38
+
39
+
40
+
4 41
5 42
6 43
## ref
7 44
45
+- [[battery-pack-dat]]
46
+
47
+- [[internal-resistance-meter]]
48
+
49
+- [[tools]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file