PCB-dat/PCB-dat.md
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@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
1
-
2
-# PCB-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[PCB-design-dat]] - [[PCB-test-dat]] - [[]]
6
-
7
-- [[EDA-dat]] - [[kicad-dat]] - [[eaglecad-dat]] - [[EDA-simulation-dat]]
8
-
9
-- [[PCB-dat]] - [[fab-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[fab-stencil-dat]] - [[fab-mech-dat]]
10
-
11
-- [[fab-PCB-tools-dat]] - [[fab-soldering-dat]]
12
-
13
-- [[PCB-service-dat]]
14
-
15
-- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
16
-
17
-- [[test-point-dat]]
18
-
19
-
20
-## PCB edit
21
-
22
-- [[desoldering-dat]] - [[PCB-fix-dat]]
23
-
24
-
25
-
26
-## ref
27
-
28
-- [[fab-stencil]]
29
-
30
-
1
+
2
+# PCB-dat
3
+
4
+- [[PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-dat]] - [[PCB-design-dat]] - [[EDA-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[PCB-design-dat]] - [[PCB-test-dat]] - [[]]
8
+
9
+- [[EDA-dat]] - [[kicad-dat]] - [[eaglecad-dat]] - [[EDA-simulation-dat]]
10
+
11
+- [[PCB-dat]] - [[fab-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[fab-stencil-dat]] - [[fab-mech-dat]]
12
+
13
+- [[fab-PCB-tools-dat]] - [[fab-soldering-dat]]
14
+
15
+- [[PCB-service-dat]]
16
+
17
+- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
18
+
19
+- [[test-point-dat]]
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+
21
+
22
+## PCB edit
23
+
24
+- [[fab-PCB-desoldering-dat]] - [[PCB-fix-dat]]
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+## ref
29
+
30
+- [[fab-stencil]]
31
+
32
+
fab-dat/fab-PCB-dat/fab-PCB-dat.md
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@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
1 1
2 2
# fab-PCB-dat
3 3
4
+- [[PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-dat]]
5
+
4 6
- [[PCB-format-dat]] - [[PCB-output-common-error-dat]] - [[PCB-penalization-dat]] - [[PCB-standards-dat]]
5 7
6 8
- [[PCB-adhesive-dat]] - [[export-coordinate-dat]] - [[mark-point-dat]] - [[SMT-Red-Adhesive-dat]] - [[solder-paste-dat]]
fab-dat/fab-PCBA-dat/PCB-clean-dat/PCB-clean-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# PCB-clean-dat
4
-
5
-
6
-- [[fab-soldering-materials-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-soldering-tools-dat]]
7
-
8
-- [[PCB-cleaner-dat]] - [[PCB-clean-dat]] - [[PCB-adhesive-dat]] - [[fab-dat]]
9
-
10
-
11
-- the goal of the PCB cleanning is to clean the PCB flux on the board - [[soldering-flux-dat]]
12
-
13
-- clean the board before PTH soldering
14
-
15
-- use tools like `kitchen brush` / `toothbrush` to clean the board, and use clean cloth to dry the board
16
-
17
-
18
-## ref
19
-
fab-dat/fab-PCBA-dat/PCBA-clean-dat/PCBA-clean-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# PCBA-clean-dat
4
+
5
+- [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[PCBA-clean-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[fab-soldering-materials-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-soldering-tools-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[PCB-cleaner-dat]] - [[PCB-clean-dat]] - [[PCB-adhesive-dat]] - [[fab-dat]]
10
+
11
+
12
+- the goal of the PCB cleanning is to clean the PCB flux on the board - [[soldering-flux-dat]]
13
+
14
+- clean the board before PTH soldering
15
+
16
+- use tools like `kitchen brush` / `toothbrush` to clean the board, and use clean cloth to dry the board
17
+
18
+
19
+## ref
20
+
21
+- [[PCB]] - [[fab-PCBA]] - [[PCB-dat]] -
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-dat/fab-PCBA-dat/fab-PCBA-dat.md
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@@ -1,114 +1,117 @@
1
-
2
-# PCBA-dat
3
-
4
-- [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[fab-soldering-dat]]
5
-
6
-- [[fab-PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-tools-dat]]
7
-
8
-- [[PCB-soldering-dat]] - [[desoldering-dat]]
9
-
10
-- [[spot-welding-dat]]
11
-
12
-- [[solder-paste-dat]] - [[soldering-tools-dat]]
13
-
14
-- [[PCB-dat]]
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-
20
-- [[PNP-machine-dat]] - [[reflow-machine-dat]]
21
-
22
-- [[PCB-cleaner-dat]] - [[PCB-clean-dat]]
23
-
24
-
25
-
26
-## soldering under microscope
27
-
28
-![](2025-09-18-18-56-08.png)
29
-
30
-- [[RP2040-dat]]
31
-
32
-
33
-## PCBA
34
-
35
-- include extra assembly, files
36
-
37
-![](2024-07-31-17-26-21.png)
38
-
39
-
40
-## PCBA Design
41
-
42
-- [[PCB-dat]]
43
-
44
-- [[penalization-dat]] - [[EDA-dat]]
45
-
46
-
47
-# PCB-make-dat
48
-
49
-- [[mark-point-dat]] - [[export-coordinate-dat]]
50
-
51
-## make machine
52
-
53
-[[machine-dat]] - [[pnp-machine-dat]]
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-## PCB protection service
58
-
59
-
60
-- for this module, consider add - Adhesive Solutions on PCBs - [[PCB-Adhesive-dat]]
61
-- or layered plastic case [[layered-case-dat]]
62
-- more simple soltuion - [[PMP1037-dat]]
63
-
64
-
65
-
66
-## Automated Methods to Check Complex Footprints (Unsoldered Pads)
67
-
68
-- [[AOI-dat]] - [[ICT-dat]]
69
-
70
-- [[E-test-dat]]
71
-
72
-- **E-Test is for the bare PCB (before assembly).**
73
-- It checks copper traces, vias, and pads for:
74
- - **Short circuits** (unwanted connections between nets).
75
- - **Open circuits** (broken or missing connections).
76
-- Done by the PCB manufacturer using a **flying probe tester** or a **bed-of-nails fixture**.
77
-- Ensures the **bare board matches the Gerber/netlist** before any components are soldered.
78
-
79
-
80
-
81
-| Method | How It Works | Pros | Cons |
82
-|-------------------------------|-------------|------|------|
83
-| **Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)** | High-resolution cameras scan PCB to compare against "golden board" or Gerber. Detects shorts, opens, mask issues, pad misalignment. | Fast, widely used in PCB fab & assembly. | Limited for hidden pads (BGA bottom side). |
84
-| **Flying Probe Test** | Robotic probes touch each pad/net and check connectivity vs netlist. | No test fixture needed, flexible, high accuracy. | Slower than bed-of-nails, not good for high volume. |
85
-| **In-Circuit Test (ICT / Bed-of-Nails)** | Custom test fixture presses spring pins into test pads, verifying continuity, isolation, resistance, etc. | Very fast, accurate, used for production. | Expensive setup, needs test points designed in. |
86
-| **X-Ray Inspection (AXI)** | X-ray scans to detect hidden bridges, voids, and pad geometry (great for BGA/QFN). | Can see under packages, detects hidden issues. | Expensive equipment, slower than AOI. |
87
-| **Electrical Netlist Test (Bare Board E-Test)** | PCB fab tests each board against Gerber netlist for shorts/opens using a flying probe. | Ensures PCB is correct before assembly. | Only checks copper nets, not mask/pad alignment. |
88
-| **Solder Paste Inspection (SPI)** | 3D laser scan checks solder paste deposits on pads. | Ensures correct stencil printing before reflow. | Only useful after paste printing stage. |
89
-| **Coplanarity / Surface Profiling** | Laser or white-light interferometer scans pads for height/flatness. | Ensures pads are level for fine-pitch ICs. | More common in IC packaging QA. |
90
-
91
----
92
-
93
-## Typical Workflow in Production
94
-1. **Bare PCB stage** → Electrical netlist test + AOI.
95
-2. **Assembly stage (before soldering ICs)** → AOI for pad/solder mask check, SPI for solder paste.
96
-3. **After soldering** → AOI again + X-ray for BGA/QFN.
97
-4. **Final board** → ICT (bed-of-nails) or flying probe for electrical verification.
98
-
99
----
100
-
101
-👉 For **prototyping / small batch**, fabs usually run **bare board E-test** + **AOI** already.
102
-👉 For **hidden pad packages (QFN/BGA)**, the only real automated detection is **X-ray**.
103
-
104
-
105
-
106
-
107
-
108
-
109
-## ref
110
-
111
-- [[fab-dat]]
112
-
113
-- [[fab-PCBA]]
114
-
1
+
2
+# PCBA-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[PCBA-clean-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[fab-PCBA-dat]] - [[fab-soldering-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[fab-PCB-dat]] - [[fab-PCB-tools-dat]]
10
+
11
+- [[PCB-soldering-dat]] - [[desoldering-dat]]
12
+
13
+- [[spot-welding-dat]]
14
+
15
+- [[solder-paste-dat]] - [[soldering-tools-dat]]
16
+
17
+- [[PCB-dat]]
18
+
19
+
20
+
21
+
22
+
23
+- [[PNP-machine-dat]] - [[reflow-machine-dat]]
24
+
25
+- [[PCB-cleaner-dat]] - [[PCB-clean-dat]]
26
+
27
+
28
+
29
+## soldering under microscope
30
+
31
+![](2025-09-18-18-56-08.png)
32
+
33
+- [[RP2040-dat]]
34
+
35
+
36
+## PCBA
37
+
38
+- include extra assembly, files
39
+
40
+![](2024-07-31-17-26-21.png)
41
+
42
+
43
+## PCBA Design
44
+
45
+- [[PCB-dat]]
46
+
47
+- [[penalization-dat]] - [[EDA-dat]]
48
+
49
+
50
+# PCB-make-dat
51
+
52
+- [[mark-point-dat]] - [[export-coordinate-dat]]
53
+
54
+## make machine
55
+
56
+[[machine-dat]] - [[pnp-machine-dat]]
57
+
58
+
59
+
60
+## PCB protection service
61
+
62
+
63
+- for this module, consider add - Adhesive Solutions on PCBs - [[PCB-Adhesive-dat]]
64
+- or layered plastic case [[layered-case-dat]]
65
+- more simple soltuion - [[PMP1037-dat]]
66
+
67
+
68
+
69
+## Automated Methods to Check Complex Footprints (Unsoldered Pads)
70
+
71
+- [[AOI-dat]] - [[ICT-dat]]
72
+
73
+- [[E-test-dat]]
74
+
75
+- **E-Test is for the bare PCB (before assembly).**
76
+- It checks copper traces, vias, and pads for:
77
+ - **Short circuits** (unwanted connections between nets).
78
+ - **Open circuits** (broken or missing connections).
79
+- Done by the PCB manufacturer using a **flying probe tester** or a **bed-of-nails fixture**.
80
+- Ensures the **bare board matches the Gerber/netlist** before any components are soldered.
81
+
82
+
83
+
84
+| Method | How It Works | Pros | Cons |
85
+|-------------------------------|-------------|------|------|
86
+| **Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)** | High-resolution cameras scan PCB to compare against "golden board" or Gerber. Detects shorts, opens, mask issues, pad misalignment. | Fast, widely used in PCB fab & assembly. | Limited for hidden pads (BGA bottom side). |
87
+| **Flying Probe Test** | Robotic probes touch each pad/net and check connectivity vs netlist. | No test fixture needed, flexible, high accuracy. | Slower than bed-of-nails, not good for high volume. |
88
+| **In-Circuit Test (ICT / Bed-of-Nails)** | Custom test fixture presses spring pins into test pads, verifying continuity, isolation, resistance, etc. | Very fast, accurate, used for production. | Expensive setup, needs test points designed in. |
89
+| **X-Ray Inspection (AXI)** | X-ray scans to detect hidden bridges, voids, and pad geometry (great for BGA/QFN). | Can see under packages, detects hidden issues. | Expensive equipment, slower than AOI. |
90
+| **Electrical Netlist Test (Bare Board E-Test)** | PCB fab tests each board against Gerber netlist for shorts/opens using a flying probe. | Ensures PCB is correct before assembly. | Only checks copper nets, not mask/pad alignment. |
91
+| **Solder Paste Inspection (SPI)** | 3D laser scan checks solder paste deposits on pads. | Ensures correct stencil printing before reflow. | Only useful after paste printing stage. |
92
+| **Coplanarity / Surface Profiling** | Laser or white-light interferometer scans pads for height/flatness. | Ensures pads are level for fine-pitch ICs. | More common in IC packaging QA. |
93
+
94
+---
95
+
96
+## Typical Workflow in Production
97
+1. **Bare PCB stage** → Electrical netlist test + AOI.
98
+2. **Assembly stage (before soldering ICs)** → AOI for pad/solder mask check, SPI for solder paste.
99
+3. **After soldering** → AOI again + X-ray for BGA/QFN.
100
+4. **Final board** → ICT (bed-of-nails) or flying probe for electrical verification.
101
+
102
+---
103
+
104
+👉 For **prototyping / small batch**, fabs usually run **bare board E-test** + **AOI** already.
105
+👉 For **hidden pad packages (QFN/BGA)**, the only real automated detection is **X-ray**.
106
+
107
+
108
+
109
+
110
+
111
+
112
+## ref
113
+
114
+- [[fab-dat]]
115
+
116
+- [[fab-PCBA]]
117
+
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bolt-dat/bolt-dat.md
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1
+
2
+
3
+# bolt-dat
4
+
5
+- [[bolt-dat]] - [[mechanical-parts-dat]] - [[screw-dat]] - [[thread-dat]] - [[nut-dat]] - [[washer-dat]]
6
+
7
+## bolt vs screw
8
+
9
+The difference between a **bolt** and a **screw** is one of those things that seems obvious until you try to define it. In fact, even hardware stores and engineers sometimes mix them up because they look so similar.
10
+
11
+The easiest way to tell them apart isn't just how they look, but **how they are installed and what they are holding together**.
12
+
13
+Here is the breakdown of the major differences:
14
+
15
+### 1. How They Tighten (The Main Difference)
16
+* **Bolt:** A bolt is designed to go through an unthreaded hole in two or more parts and is secured at the end using a **nut**. You typically turn the nut to tighten the joint, clamping the materials together in the middle.
17
+* **Screw:** A screw cuts or mates with its own threads directly into the material (like wood, plastic, or sheet metal). It doesn’t use a nut; the material itself holds the screw in place.
18
+
19
+### 2. The Shape and Threads
20
+* **Bolt:** Usually has a flat, blunt tip (not pointy). The threads often don't go all the way to the head—there is usually a smooth section of the shank (called the grip length) designed to handle shear forces.
21
+* **Screw:** Often has a sharp, pointed tip (especially wood and drywall screws) so it can pierce and cut into the material. The threads usually go all the way up to the head.
22
+
23
+### 3. Tool Used
24
+* **Bolt:** Usually tightened using a **wrench (spanner) or socket** because they have hexagonal (six-sided) heads.
25
+* **Screw:** Usually tightened using a **screwdriver or Allen key (hex wrench)** because they have slots, Phillips (cross), or Torx (star) drives recessed into the head.
26
+
27
+---
28
+
29
+### Comparison at a Glance
30
+
31
+| Feature | Bolt | Screw |
32
+| :---------------- | :--------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------- |
33
+| **Needs a Nut?** | Yes (usually) | No |
34
+| **Tip Shape** | Flat / Blunt | Pointed / Tapered |
35
+| **Material Hole** | Must be a clean, unthreaded through-hole | Can be a pilot hole, or no hole at all |
36
+| **Primary Tool** | Wrench / Socket | Screwdriver / Hex key |
37
+| **Application** | Heavy-duty, structural joints | Light to medium fastening (woodworking, electronics) |
38
+
39
+> **The "Gray Area" Exception:** > Sometimes you will see a "Machine Screw." It has a flat tip and fits into a pre-threaded metal hole (like inside an engine block or a camera tripod mount). Even though it looks like a small bolt and goes into a threaded hole, the industry still calls it a screw because it doesn't use a nut!
40
+
41
+
42
+
43
+
44
+## ref
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bolt-dat/bolt-expansion-dat/bolt-expansion-dat.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# bolt-expansion-dat
4
+
5
+- [[bolt-expansion-dat]] - [[bolt-dat]] - [[mechanical-parts-dat]] - [[screw-dat]] - [[thread-dat]] - [[nut-dat]] - [[washer-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+## 1. Metric Sizes (Most Common Globally)
9
+In the metric system, the "M" number indicates the outer diameter of the bolt thread in millimeters.
10
+
11
+| Size | Drill Bit Diameter | Common Lengths | What It's Used For |
12
+| :------ | :----------------- | :------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
13
+| **M6** | 10 mm | 50mm – 80mm | **Light duty:** Hanging kitchen cabinets, bathroom fixtures, mirror frames, lightweight wall shelving. |
14
+| **M8** | 12 mm | 60mm – 100mm | **Medium duty:** TV wall mounts, air conditioner outdoor brackets, water heaters, railings. |
15
+| **M10** | 14 mm | 70mm – 120mm | **Heavy duty:** Garage racks, heavy doors, swing sets, awnings, pull-up bars. |
16
+| **M12** | 16 mm | 80mm – 150mm | **Extra heavy duty:** Structural anchoring, steel beam brackets, heavy machinery installation. |
17
+
18
+> **Crucial Rule for Metric:** The drill bit size you need to drill into the concrete is **larger** than the bolt size because it needs to fit the entire outer expansion sleeve. For example, an M6 bolt usually requires a 10mm masonry drill bit.
19
+
20
+
21
+## wall amount plan
22
+
23
+- use 8x M6
24
+- use 6x M8
25
+- use 4x M10
26
+- use 4x M12
27
+
28
+
29
+## ref
30
+
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/screw-dat/screw-dat.md
... ...
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
2 2
# screws-dat
3 3
4 4
5
+- [[bolt-dat]] - [[mechanical-parts-dat]] - [[screw-dat]] - [[thread-dat]] - [[nut-dat]] - [[washer-dat]]
6
+
7
+
5 8
- [[screw-magnetic-dat]]
6 9
7 10
- [[nail-dat]] - [[screw-dat]] - [[thread-dat]]