CONN-DAT/conn-IPEX-dat/2024-02-18-17-09-06.png
... ...
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CONN-DAT/conn-IPEX-dat/conn-IPEX-dat.md
... ...
@@ -18,6 +18,41 @@
18 18
- IPEX to SMA connecting cable: https://www.electrodragon.com/product/ipexipx-to-sma-antenna-apdater-10cm/
19 19
20 20
21
+
22
+
23
+
24
+
25
+# ipex-dat
26
+
27
+
28
+Types: left 1st Gen, middle 4st Gen., right soldering wire.
29
+
30
+![](2024-02-18-17-09-06.png)
31
+
32
+
33
+
34
+## version
35
+
36
+- 1st Gen
37
+- 3rd Gen
38
+
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+## footprint
43
+
44
+- IPEX-SMD_HC-RF-IPEX0303-01 == HC-RF-IPEX0303-01
45
+
46
+![](2025-07-14-01-28-59.png)
47
+
48
+
49
+## ref
50
+
51
+- [[antenna-dat]]
52
+
53
+
54
+
55
+
21 56
## ref
22 57
23 58
Chip-cn-dat/EY-dat/EY-dat.md
... ...
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
23 23
[repro github](https://github.com/Edragon/JDY-MESH)
24 24
25 25
26
+
27
+
28
+
26 29
## ref
27 30
28 31
- [[chip-cn-dat]] - [[EY]]
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/2026-02-04-20-18-45.png
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/3in1-antenna-dat/3in1-antenna-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# 3in1-antenna-dat
3
-
4
-a combination footprint to support three types of antenna: [[IPEX-dat]], [[SMA-dat]], single-pole antenna.
5
-
6
-- [[IPEX-dat]] == for limited physical size to fit in
7
-- [[SMA-dat]] == robust connection
8
-- single-pole antenna == single cheap solution
9
-
10
-The default populated antenna socket by us will be IPEX
11
-
12
-![](2025-06-14-22-37-00.png)
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-## Versions
17
-
18
-V2
19
-- support pin-hole solder-in [[antenna-spring-dat]]
20
-- further optimized layout
21
-
22
-
23
-V1
24
-- support - [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-ipex-dat]]
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-## ref
29
-
30
-- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/Antenna-T-dat/Antenna-T-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# T-antenna-dat
3
-
4
-- **Type:** T-style Dipole Antenna (a.k.a. T-antenna)
5
-
6
-- **Features:**
7
- - Balanced dipole configuration with horizontal arms.
8
- - Provides an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane.
9
- - Commonly used in:
10
- - RC aircraft telemetry
11
- - Ground modules
12
- - Benefits:
13
- - Better signal uniformity
14
- - Enhanced range and consistency
15
- - Appearance:
16
- - Red heat shrink tubing
17
- - Horizontally extended elements
18
-
19
-
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/LNA-dat/LNA-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# LNA-dat
3
-
4
-- [[antenna-active-amplifier-dat]]
5
-
6
-PA + LNA == Power Amplifier + Low Noise Amplifier
7
-
8
-## What is LNA?
9
-
10
-**LNA** stands for **Low-Noise Amplifier**.
11
-
12
-### 📡 What It Does
13
-An LNA is an amplifier that boosts very weak signals received by an antenna **with minimal added noise**.
14
-
15
----
16
-
17
-### 🔍 Key Characteristics
18
-
19
-| Feature | Description |
20
-| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
21
-| **Low noise figure** | Adds very little noise to the signal, preserving quality. |
22
-| **High gain** | Amplifies weak signals for further processing. |
23
-| **Used in RF front-ends** | Common in radios, GPS, and satellite communication systems. |
24
-
25
----
26
-
27
-### 🧠 Why It's Important
28
-Weak incoming signals need to be amplified early in the signal chain. A low-noise amplifier ensures that the **signal remains clear and usable** by minimizing noise introduction.
29
-
30
----
31
-
32
-### 📦 Common Applications
33
-- Satellite receivers
34
-- GPS antennas
35
-- Mobile phones
36
-- Radio telescopes
37
-- SDR (Software Defined Radio)
38
-
39
-
40
-## unsort
41
-
42
-HMC564LC4 - IC GAAS LNA 7-14GHz
43
-
44
-
45
-## noise amplifier
46
-
47
-- [[qorvo-dat]] - [[QPL9504-dat]] - Ultra Low Noise, Flat Gain LNA
48
-
49
-- The QPL9504 is a flat gain, high-linearity, ultra-low noise amplifier in a small 2 x 2 mm surface-mount package. At 5.5 GHz, the amplifier provides 0.76 dB noise figure with 21.6 dB gain and +34 dBm OIP3 while drawing 55 mA bias current. The LNA can be biased from a single positive supply ranging from 3.3 to 5 volts. The device is housed in a green/RoHS-compliant industry-standard 2x2 mm DFN package.
50
-
51
-
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-## ref
58
-
59
-- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-DAT.md
... ...
@@ -14,14 +14,17 @@ type of antennas by power == [[antenna-active-dat]] - [[antenna-passive-dat]]
14 14
15 15
type of antennas by frequency == [[antenna-location-dat]] - [[antenna-GNSS-dat]] - [[GSM-antenna-GPS-dat]] - [[antenna-RF-dat]] - [[antenna-2.4G-dat]]
16 16
17
-type of antennas by connector == [[antenna-SMA-dat]] - [[antenna-IPEX-dat]] - [[antenna-UFL-dat]]
18
-
19
-- [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-IPEX-dat]]
17
+type of antennas by connector == - [[CONN-dat]] - [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-IPEX-dat]] - [[antenna-UFL-dat]]
20 18
21 19
- [[3in1-antenna-dat]]
22 20
23 21
- [[antenna-lolipop-dat]]
24 22
23
+
24
+
25
+
26
+
27
+
25 28
# Antenna Comparison Table
26 29
27 30
| Feature | T-style Dipole Antenna | Whip Antenna (Monopole) |
... ...
@@ -168,6 +171,18 @@ better NO PCB under the antenna
168 171
![](2026-01-18-12-37-39.png)
169 172
170 173
174
+
175
+## external antenan
176
+
177
+- [[anteann-external-dat]]
178
+
179
+![](2026-02-04-20-18-55.png)
180
+
181
+- [[antenan-PCB-dat]]
182
+
183
+![](2026-02-04-20-18-45.png)
184
+
185
+
171 186
## ref
172 187
173 188
- [[M2M-dat]]
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/2024-05-08-15-48-56.png
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/3in1-antenna-dat/3in1-antenna-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
1
+
2
+# 3in1-antenna-dat
3
+
4
+a combination footprint to support three types of antenna: [[IPEX-dat]], [[SMA-dat]], single-pole antenna.
5
+
6
+- [[IPEX-dat]] == for limited physical size to fit in
7
+- [[SMA-dat]] == robust connection
8
+- single-pole antenna == single cheap solution
9
+
10
+The default populated antenna socket by us will be IPEX
11
+
12
+![](2025-06-14-22-37-00.png)
13
+
14
+
15
+
16
+## Versions
17
+
18
+V2
19
+- support pin-hole solder-in [[antenna-spring-dat]]
20
+- further optimized layout
21
+
22
+
23
+V1
24
+- support - [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-ipex-dat]]
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+## ref
29
+
30
+- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/LNA-dat/LNA-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
1
+
2
+# LNA-dat
3
+
4
+- [[antenna-active-amplifier-dat]]
5
+
6
+PA + LNA == Power Amplifier + Low Noise Amplifier
7
+
8
+## What is LNA?
9
+
10
+**LNA** stands for **Low-Noise Amplifier**.
11
+
12
+### 📡 What It Does
13
+An LNA is an amplifier that boosts very weak signals received by an antenna **with minimal added noise**.
14
+
15
+---
16
+
17
+### 🔍 Key Characteristics
18
+
19
+| Feature | Description |
20
+| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
21
+| **Low noise figure** | Adds very little noise to the signal, preserving quality. |
22
+| **High gain** | Amplifies weak signals for further processing. |
23
+| **Used in RF front-ends** | Common in radios, GPS, and satellite communication systems. |
24
+
25
+---
26
+
27
+### 🧠 Why It's Important
28
+Weak incoming signals need to be amplified early in the signal chain. A low-noise amplifier ensures that the **signal remains clear and usable** by minimizing noise introduction.
29
+
30
+---
31
+
32
+### 📦 Common Applications
33
+- Satellite receivers
34
+- GPS antennas
35
+- Mobile phones
36
+- Radio telescopes
37
+- SDR (Software Defined Radio)
38
+
39
+
40
+## unsort
41
+
42
+HMC564LC4 - IC GAAS LNA 7-14GHz
43
+
44
+
45
+## noise amplifier
46
+
47
+- [[qorvo-dat]] - [[QPL9504-dat]] - Ultra Low Noise, Flat Gain LNA
48
+
49
+- The QPL9504 is a flat gain, high-linearity, ultra-low noise amplifier in a small 2 x 2 mm surface-mount package. At 5.5 GHz, the amplifier provides 0.76 dB noise figure with 21.6 dB gain and +34 dBm OIP3 while drawing 55 mA bias current. The LNA can be biased from a single positive supply ranging from 3.3 to 5 volts. The device is housed in a green/RoHS-compliant industry-standard 2x2 mm DFN package.
50
+
51
+
52
+
53
+
54
+
55
+
56
+
57
+## ref
58
+
59
+- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+## active antenna
4
+
5
+- A passive antenna is recommended if the antenna can be placed close to the modules, for instance, when the distance between the modules and the antenna is less than 1 m.
6
+- Otherwise, use an active antenna, since the insertion loss of RF cable can decrease the CNR of GNSS signal.
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+## examples
11
+
12
+![](36-19-17-14-03-2023.png)
13
+
14
+C1 = 0R
15
+
16
+C2 默认贴 33PF，是隔直电容。
17
+
18
+RC = 10r / 47nH
19
+
20
+有源天线供电 VDD 需和应用的有源天线匹配，且推荐客户使用 LDO/DCDC 给有源天线供电，这样在不使用 GNSS 功能时，可以通过关闭 LDO/DCDC 来达到减小耗流的作用。
21
+
22
+外部有源天线是由GNSS_VCC供电，电压范围从2.8V至4.3V，典型值为3.3V。
23
+
24
+
25
+## MC20
26
+
27
+![](43-40-16-16-03-2023.png)
28
+
29
+## L76
30
+
31
+- [[L76-dat]]
32
+
33
+![](2024-10-02-21-26-33.png)
34
+
35
+- [[inductor-dat]]
36
+
37
+
38
+
39
+## ref
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/antenna-HDK-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-design-dat
3
+
4
+![](2024-05-08-15-48-56.png)
5
+
6
+1.芯片引脚至天线馈点（上图 A 处区域）走线需进行 50 欧阻抗匹配。计数因子会涉及 A 区域走线宽度、A 与 B 的间距、板厚、板材介电常数、铜厚、绿油厚度等参量。
7
+2.上图 B 处区域是共面参考地，此区域要尽量保障足够面积和地孔数量。
8
+3.芯片底部接地焊盘（上图 C 处区域），在制造工艺允许下保障良好接地和散热（多地孔）。
9
+4.射频部分需要远离干扰源，如晶体、功率器件，开关电源等。
10
+
11
+图 2-1 为我司评估板天线样式，PCB 板厚 1.6mm，天线尺寸详情请联系我司技术提供。
12
+
13
+
14
+
15
+## RF antenna
16
+
17
+![](2024-07-10-01-20-26.png)
18
+
19
+
20
+
21
+- [[GPS-antenna-design-dat]]
22
+
23
+
24
+## ref
25
+
26
+- [[antenna-design]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/antenna-active-amplifier-dat/antenna-active-amplifier-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-active-amplifier-dat
3
+
4
+- [[LNA-dat]]
5
+
6
+# GPS Signal Antenna Amplifier Solutions
7
+
8
+GPS signal antenna amplifiers (also known as active GPS antennas or GPS LNA modules) are designed to boost weak GPS signals received from satellites. These amplifiers need to have:
9
+- Very low **noise figures** (NF)
10
+- High **gain**
11
+- Good **filtering characteristics** to reject out-of-band interference
12
+
13
+## Common and Classical Solutions for GPS Signal Antenna Amplifiers
14
+
15
+### 1. **Integrated GPS LNA + SAW Filter Modules**
16
+These are compact modules designed specifically for GPS (L1 = 1575.42 MHz) and often include:
17
+- **Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)** for signal boosting
18
+- **SAW Filter** to reject nearby interference (e.g., cellular bands)
19
+
20
+**Popular ICs / Modules:**
21
+- **MAX2659** – Ultra-low-noise LNA for GPS, from Analog Devices (formerly Maxim) - [[MAX2659-dat]] - [[Analog-dat]]
22
+- **BGA715L7** – GPS LNA with integrated filter from Infineon
23
+- **ALM-1912 / ALM-1812** – Broadcom modules with built-in LNA + SAW + bias
24
+- **SPK-GA901** – Integrated GPS LNA/filter module from Skyworks
25
+- **u-blox ANN-MB-00 / ANN-MS-00** – Active antennas with LNA inside
26
+
27
+**Advantages:**
28
+- Easy integration
29
+- Very low NF (typically 0.9 – 1.5 dB)
30
+- Optimized for GPS L1 band
31
+
32
+---
33
+
34
+### 2. **Discrete LNA Designs (GaAs/HEMT or SiGe)**
35
+Used in custom or high-performance systems like:
36
+- Survey-grade GPS
37
+- GNSS modules (multi-band)
38
+
39
+**Common discrete LNA transistors:**
40
+- **Avago ATF-54143** (GaAs pHEMT)
41
+- **NEC (Renesas) NE3210S01** (GaAs HEMT)
42
+- **Qorvo TQP3M9009** – Broadband LNA
43
+
44
+**Typical specs:**
45
+- Gain: 15–20 dB
46
+- NF: 0.5–1.2 dB
47
+- Frequency: 1.2 – 1.6 GHz (for GPS/GNSS L1/L2/L5)
48
+
49
+**Use Case:** When you need custom filtering or bias control, or wider GNSS coverage (GPS + GLONASS + Galileo).
50
+
51
+---
52
+
53
+### 3. **GNSS Active Antenna Modules**
54
+These are commercial antenna+amplifier combos:
55
+- Output via coaxial cable (usually supplies bias via coax: **3.3V – 5V DC**)
56
+- Gain: ~20–35 dB
57
+- Built-in LNA and SAW/ceramic filters
58
+
59
+**Examples:**
60
+- **Taoglas active GNSS antennas** (like the AA.105)
61
+- **Tallysman GNSS antennas** (multi-band precision)
62
+- **u-blox ANN-MB / ANN-MS series**
63
+
64
+---
65
+
66
+### 4. **GPS LNA in RF Front-End ICs**
67
+Used in GPS-enabled smartphones, tablets, and wearables.
68
+- Integrated into SoCs or RFICs
69
+- Include LNA + switches + filters
70
+
71
+**Examples:**
72
+- Qualcomm WTR series
73
+- Broadcom BCM4775 (multi-band GNSS front-end)
74
+- MediaTek MT3333/MT3339 GNSS chips
75
+
76
+---
77
+
78
+## Key Design Criteria
79
+
80
+| Parameter | Typical Value or Range |
81
+|--------------------|-------------------------------|
82
+| **Frequency** | 1575.42 MHz (GPS L1) |
83
+| **Gain** | 15–30 dB |
84
+| **Noise Figure** | < 1.5 dB (ideally < 1.0 dB) |
85
+| **Power Supply** | 3.3V or 5V via coax (bias-T) |
86
+| **Input Impedance** | 50 ohms |
87
+| **Filter Bandwidth**| ~10–20 MHz around GPS L1 |
88
+
89
+---
90
+
91
+## Want to Build One?
92
+If you want to **design a GPS amplifier**, a typical structure is:
93
+1. **Antenna → SAW Filter → LNA → DC Bias Tee → Receiver**
94
+2. Optional: Use a second LNA stage for added gain (~10 dB)
95
+3. Use a bandpass filter to suppress LTE and Wi-Fi signals
96
+
97
+---
98
+
99
+### Let me know if you need:
100
+- A specific circuit diagram
101
+- Ready-to-use module recommendations
102
+- Multi-band GNSS support (L1, L2, L5)
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/antenna-active-dat/2025-05-21-14-02-29.png
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/antenna-active-dat/antenna-active-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-active-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[antenna-active-dat]] - [[circuits-dat]] - [[LC-circuits-dat]] - [[bias-T-dat]] - [[gain-shaping-dat]] - [[LNA-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[antenna-location-dat]] - [[antenna-GNSS-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[antenna-active-amplifier-dat]] - [[MAX2659-dat]]
10
+
11
+
12
+## Active Antenna for GNSS - [[A7670-dat]]
13
+
14
+
15
+
16
+
17
+![alt text](image.png)
18
+
19
+
20
+GNSS active antenna design is default solution.
21
+
22
+Passive GNSS antenna Note:
23
+
24
+Strongly suggest to cut off GNSS active antenna supply by AT+CVAUXS=0, if customer design is passive antenna for GNSS.
25
+
26
+### VDD_GNSS
27
+
28
+Default power supply value is controlled by AT+CVAUXV, default is 3V, which should meet the antenna
29
+requirement. For example, “AT+CVAUXV=2800” sets power supply 2.8V.
30
+
31
+ AT+CVAUXV Set voltage value of the pin named VDD_AUX
32
+
33
+ This command is used to set the voltage value of the pin which is named VDD_AUX.
34
+
35
+
36
+## Active Antenna [[SIM7060-dat]]
37
+
38
+![](2025-05-21-14-02-29.png)
39
+
40
+## Active Antenna [[SIM7070-dat]] - [[SIM7080-dat]]
41
+
42
+![](2025-05-21-14-07-06.png)
43
+
44
+In the matching circuit of Figure 27:
45
+
46
+- L1 and L2 are not populated by default.
47
+- C1 is populated with a 0 Ohm resistor by default; the specific value will be provided by the antenna manufacturer after antenna tuning is complete.
48
+- C2 is populated with a 33pF capacitor by default, which serves as a **DC blocking capacitor**. - [[capacitor-dat]]
49
+-
50
+The VDD power supply for the active antenna needs to match the active antenna being used.
51
+
52
+It is recommended that customers use an LDO/DCDC converter to power the active antenna. This way, when the GNSS function is not in use, the LDO/DCDC can be turned off to reduce current consumption. - [[LDO-dat]]
53
+
54
+## Boards
55
+
56
+- [[A7670-dat]] - [[SIM7600-dat]]
57
+
58
+
59
+
60
+
61
+## ref
62
+
63
+- [[inductor-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/antenna-active-dat/image.png
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... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-passive-dat
3
+
4
+Passive Antenna for GSM/LTE/GNSS/Bluetooth
5
+
6
+![](2025-05-20-19-24-11.png)
7
+
8
+
9
+In above figure, the component R1/R2/C1/C2 is reserved for antenna matching, the value of components
10
+can only be got after the antenna tuning, usually provided by the antenna factory.
11
+
12
+Among them, R1 and R2 paste 0Ω, C1 and C2 do not paste by default.
13
+
14
+The component D1 is a Bidirectional ESD Protection device, which is suggested to add to protection circuit, the recommended Part Numbers of the TVS are listed in the following table:
15
+
16
+
17
+0201 CE0201S05G01R SOCAY
18
+
19
+0402 PESD0402-03 PRISEMI
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/bias-T-dat/bias-T-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
1
+
2
+# bias-T-dat
3
+
4
+## What is a Bias-T (DC Injection)?
5
+
6
+A **Bias-T** is a simple circuit that combines:
7
+
8
+- **DC power** (to power a device like an LNA or active antenna)
9
+- **RF signal** (like from an antenna)
10
+
11
+It allows both to **travel over the same coaxial cable** without interfering with each other.
12
+
13
+---
14
+
15
+### ⚙️ Basic Components
16
+- **Inductor (L):** Passes DC but blocks RF.
17
+- **Capacitor (C):** Passes RF but blocks DC.
18
+
19
+---
20
+
21
+### 🔁 How It Works
22
+
23
+```
24
+DC Input ───┬── L ──┬────────────→ To device (DC + RF)
25
+ │ │
26
+ │ C
27
+ ▼ │
28
+ (Power) └── RF Signal Input
29
+```
30
+
31
+- **Inductor (L):** Injects DC power into the line, while blocking RF from entering the power supply.
32
+- **Capacitor (C):** Lets RF signal pass through but blocks DC.
33
+
34
+---
35
+
36
+### 📦 Common Uses
37
+- Powering **active antennas** or **LNAs** over a single cable.
38
+- Used in **satellite dishes**, **radio receivers**, **remote sensors**.
39
+- Reduces need for extra power wiring.
40
+
41
+---
42
+
43
+### 🧠 Why It’s Useful
44
+- Simplifies installation — just **one cable** for signal and power.
45
+- Helps power **remote or hard-to-reach** RF devices.
46
+
47
+## ref
48
+
49
+- [[antenna-active-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-HDK-dat/gain-shaping-dat/gain-shaping-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
1
+
2
+# gain-shaping-dat
3
+
4
+## What is Gain Shaping?
5
+
6
+**Gain shaping** is the process of **controlling how much gain (amplification)** an electronic circuit provides **at different frequencies**.
7
+
8
+---
9
+
10
+### 📈 Why It Matters
11
+Not all signals need equal amplification. Gain shaping helps:
12
+
13
+- **Boost weak but important frequency bands**
14
+- **Suppress unwanted or noisy bands**
15
+- **Flatten the frequency response** for more accurate signal processing
16
+
17
+---
18
+
19
+### 🧰 How It's Done
20
+Gain shaping is typically achieved using:
21
+
22
+- **RC or LC filters** - [[LC-circuits-dat]]
23
+- **Feedback networks** in amplifiers
24
+- **Equalizers** (in audio systems)
25
+
26
+These components are tuned to **increase or decrease gain** at specific frequency ranges.
27
+
28
+---
29
+
30
+### 📶 Example Use Cases
31
+| Application | Purpose of Gain Shaping |
32
+|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
33
+| RF Amplifiers | Flatten response or boost certain bands |
34
+| Audio Equipment | Adjust bass, mid, treble |
35
+| Active Antennas | Compensate for frequency loss or noise |
36
+| Medical Devices | Isolate and enhance signal from sensors |
37
+
38
+---
39
+
40
+### 🎯 Key Benefit
41
+Gain shaping helps **tailor amplifier performance** to the needs of a system, improving **signal quality and efficiency**.
42
+
43
+## ref
44
+
45
+- [[antenna-active-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-active-amplifier-dat/antenna-active-amplifier-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-active-amplifier-dat
3
-
4
-- [[LNA-dat]]
5
-
6
-# GPS Signal Antenna Amplifier Solutions
7
-
8
-GPS signal antenna amplifiers (also known as active GPS antennas or GPS LNA modules) are designed to boost weak GPS signals received from satellites. These amplifiers need to have:
9
-- Very low **noise figures** (NF)
10
-- High **gain**
11
-- Good **filtering characteristics** to reject out-of-band interference
12
-
13
-## Common and Classical Solutions for GPS Signal Antenna Amplifiers
14
-
15
-### 1. **Integrated GPS LNA + SAW Filter Modules**
16
-These are compact modules designed specifically for GPS (L1 = 1575.42 MHz) and often include:
17
-- **Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)** for signal boosting
18
-- **SAW Filter** to reject nearby interference (e.g., cellular bands)
19
-
20
-**Popular ICs / Modules:**
21
-- **MAX2659** – Ultra-low-noise LNA for GPS, from Analog Devices (formerly Maxim) - [[MAX2659-dat]] - [[Analog-dat]]
22
-- **BGA715L7** – GPS LNA with integrated filter from Infineon
23
-- **ALM-1912 / ALM-1812** – Broadcom modules with built-in LNA + SAW + bias
24
-- **SPK-GA901** – Integrated GPS LNA/filter module from Skyworks
25
-- **u-blox ANN-MB-00 / ANN-MS-00** – Active antennas with LNA inside
26
-
27
-**Advantages:**
28
-- Easy integration
29
-- Very low NF (typically 0.9 – 1.5 dB)
30
-- Optimized for GPS L1 band
31
-
32
----
33
-
34
-### 2. **Discrete LNA Designs (GaAs/HEMT or SiGe)**
35
-Used in custom or high-performance systems like:
36
-- Survey-grade GPS
37
-- GNSS modules (multi-band)
38
-
39
-**Common discrete LNA transistors:**
40
-- **Avago ATF-54143** (GaAs pHEMT)
41
-- **NEC (Renesas) NE3210S01** (GaAs HEMT)
42
-- **Qorvo TQP3M9009** – Broadband LNA
43
-
44
-**Typical specs:**
45
-- Gain: 15–20 dB
46
-- NF: 0.5–1.2 dB
47
-- Frequency: 1.2 – 1.6 GHz (for GPS/GNSS L1/L2/L5)
48
-
49
-**Use Case:** When you need custom filtering or bias control, or wider GNSS coverage (GPS + GLONASS + Galileo).
50
-
51
----
52
-
53
-### 3. **GNSS Active Antenna Modules**
54
-These are commercial antenna+amplifier combos:
55
-- Output via coaxial cable (usually supplies bias via coax: **3.3V – 5V DC**)
56
-- Gain: ~20–35 dB
57
-- Built-in LNA and SAW/ceramic filters
58
-
59
-**Examples:**
60
-- **Taoglas active GNSS antennas** (like the AA.105)
61
-- **Tallysman GNSS antennas** (multi-band precision)
62
-- **u-blox ANN-MB / ANN-MS series**
63
-
64
----
65
-
66
-### 4. **GPS LNA in RF Front-End ICs**
67
-Used in GPS-enabled smartphones, tablets, and wearables.
68
-- Integrated into SoCs or RFICs
69
-- Include LNA + switches + filters
70
-
71
-**Examples:**
72
-- Qualcomm WTR series
73
-- Broadcom BCM4775 (multi-band GNSS front-end)
74
-- MediaTek MT3333/MT3339 GNSS chips
75
-
76
----
77
-
78
-## Key Design Criteria
79
-
80
-| Parameter | Typical Value or Range |
81
-|--------------------|-------------------------------|
82
-| **Frequency** | 1575.42 MHz (GPS L1) |
83
-| **Gain** | 15–30 dB |
84
-| **Noise Figure** | < 1.5 dB (ideally < 1.0 dB) |
85
-| **Power Supply** | 3.3V or 5V via coax (bias-T) |
86
-| **Input Impedance** | 50 ohms |
87
-| **Filter Bandwidth**| ~10–20 MHz around GPS L1 |
88
-
89
----
90
-
91
-## Want to Build One?
92
-If you want to **design a GPS amplifier**, a typical structure is:
93
-1. **Antenna → SAW Filter → LNA → DC Bias Tee → Receiver**
94
-2. Optional: Use a second LNA stage for added gain (~10 dB)
95
-3. Use a bandpass filter to suppress LTE and Wi-Fi signals
96
-
97
----
98
-
99
-### Let me know if you need:
100
-- A specific circuit diagram
101
-- Ready-to-use module recommendations
102
-- Multi-band GNSS support (L1, L2, L5)
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-active-dat/2025-05-21-14-02-29.png
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... ...
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-active-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[antenna-active-dat]] - [[circuits-dat]] - [[LC-circuits-dat]] - [[bias-T-dat]] - [[gain-shaping-dat]] - [[LNA-dat]]
6
-
7
-- [[antenna-location-dat]] - [[antenna-GNSS-dat]]
8
-
9
-- [[antenna-active-amplifier-dat]] - [[MAX2659-dat]]
10
-
11
-
12
-## Active Antenna for GNSS - [[A7670-dat]]
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-
17
-![alt text](image.png)
18
-
19
-
20
-GNSS active antenna design is default solution.
21
-
22
-Passive GNSS antenna Note:
23
-
24
-Strongly suggest to cut off GNSS active antenna supply by AT+CVAUXS=0, if customer design is passive antenna for GNSS.
25
-
26
-### VDD_GNSS
27
-
28
-Default power supply value is controlled by AT+CVAUXV, default is 3V, which should meet the antenna
29
-requirement. For example, “AT+CVAUXV=2800” sets power supply 2.8V.
30
-
31
- AT+CVAUXV Set voltage value of the pin named VDD_AUX
32
-
33
- This command is used to set the voltage value of the pin which is named VDD_AUX.
34
-
35
-
36
-## Active Antenna [[SIM7060-dat]]
37
-
38
-![](2025-05-21-14-02-29.png)
39
-
40
-## Active Antenna [[SIM7070-dat]] - [[SIM7080-dat]]
41
-
42
-![](2025-05-21-14-07-06.png)
43
-
44
-In the matching circuit of Figure 27:
45
-
46
-- L1 and L2 are not populated by default.
47
-- C1 is populated with a 0 Ohm resistor by default; the specific value will be provided by the antenna manufacturer after antenna tuning is complete.
48
-- C2 is populated with a 33pF capacitor by default, which serves as a **DC blocking capacitor**. - [[capacitor-dat]]
49
--
50
-The VDD power supply for the active antenna needs to match the active antenna being used.
51
-
52
-It is recommended that customers use an LDO/DCDC converter to power the active antenna. This way, when the GNSS function is not in use, the LDO/DCDC can be turned off to reduce current consumption. - [[LDO-dat]]
53
-
54
-## Boards
55
-
56
-- [[A7670-dat]] - [[SIM7600-dat]]
57
-
58
-
59
-
60
-
61
-## ref
62
-
63
-- [[inductor-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-active-dat/image.png
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... ...
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-ceramic-dat
3
-
4
-ceramic mini antenna
5
-https://www.electrodragon.com/product/gps-ceramic-antenna-build/
6
-
7
-
8
-7000AT18A1600E-AEC
9
-
10
-JOHANSON(约翰逊)
11
-
12
-![](2025-08-28-18-16-53.png)
13
-
14
-
15
-## ref
16
-
17
-- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-## active antenna
4
-
5
-- A passive antenna is recommended if the antenna can be placed close to the modules, for instance, when the distance between the modules and the antenna is less than 1 m.
6
-- Otherwise, use an active antenna, since the insertion loss of RF cable can decrease the CNR of GNSS signal.
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-## examples
11
-
12
-![](36-19-17-14-03-2023.png)
13
-
14
-C1 = 0R
15
-
16
-C2 默认贴 33PF，是隔直电容。
17
-
18
-RC = 10r / 47nH
19
-
20
-有源天线供电 VDD 需和应用的有源天线匹配，且推荐客户使用 LDO/DCDC 给有源天线供电，这样在不使用 GNSS 功能时，可以通过关闭 LDO/DCDC 来达到减小耗流的作用。
21
-
22
-外部有源天线是由GNSS_VCC供电，电压范围从2.8V至4.3V，典型值为3.3V。
23
-
24
-
25
-## MC20
26
-
27
-![](43-40-16-16-03-2023.png)
28
-
29
-## L76
30
-
31
-- [[L76-dat]]
32
-
33
-![](2024-10-02-21-26-33.png)
34
-
35
-- [[inductor-dat]]
36
-
37
-
38
-
39
-## ref
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-design-dat/antenna-design-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-design-dat
3
-
4
-![](2024-05-08-15-48-56.png)
5
-
6
-1.芯片引脚至天线馈点（上图 A 处区域）走线需进行 50 欧阻抗匹配。计数因子会涉及 A 区域走线宽度、A 与 B 的间距、板厚、板材介电常数、铜厚、绿油厚度等参量。
7
-2.上图 B 处区域是共面参考地，此区域要尽量保障足够面积和地孔数量。
8
-3.芯片底部接地焊盘（上图 C 处区域），在制造工艺允许下保障良好接地和散热（多地孔）。
9
-4.射频部分需要远离干扰源，如晶体、功率器件，开关电源等。
10
-
11
-图 2-1 为我司评估板天线样式，PCB 板厚 1.6mm，天线尺寸详情请联系我司技术提供。
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-## RF antenna
16
-
17
-![](2024-07-10-01-20-26.png)
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-- [[GPS-antenna-design-dat]]
22
-
23
-
24
-## ref
25
-
26
-- [[antenna-design]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-location-dat/antenna-GNSS-dat/2025-05-20-18-26-38.png
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-location-dat/antenna-GNSS-dat/antenna-GNSS-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-GNSS-dat.md
3
-
4
-- [[antenna-GNSS-dat]] - [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-IPEX-dat]]
5
-
6
-
7
-## product
8
-
9
-- [[NAN1001-dat]]
10
-
11
-## info
12
-
13
-GNSS antenna are commonly using [[antenna-active-dat]]
14
-
15
-GNSS antenna of [[A7670-dat]]
16
-
17
-![](2025-05-20-18-26-38.png)
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-## GNSS recommanded antenna specifications
23
-
24
-passive
25
-
26
-- Frequency Range: 1559–1609 MHz
27
-- Polarization: RHCP
28
-- VSWR: < 2 (Typ.)
29
-- Passive Antenna Gain: > 0 dBi
30
-
31
-active
32
-
33
-- Frequency Range: 1559–1609 MHz
34
-- Polarization: RHCP
35
-- VSWR: < 2 (Typ.)
36
-- Passive Antenna Gain: > 0 dBi
37
-- Active Antenna Noise Figure: < 1.5 dB
38
-- Active Antenna Total Gain: < 18 d
39
-
40
-
41
-
42
-
43
-
44
-
45
-表 28：GNSS 频率
46
-
47
-| type | frequencies | units |
48
-| ---------------- | --------------- | ----- |
49
-| GPS/Galileo/QZSS | 1575.42 ±1.023 | MHz |
50
-| GLONASS | 1597.5~1605.8 | MHz |
51
-| BeiDou | 1561.098 ±2.046 | MHz |
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-## ref
56
-
57
-- [[antenna-dat]]
58
-
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-location-dat/antenna-location-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-location-dat
3
-
4
-- 1575.42Mhz
5
-
6
-GPS
7
-
8
-- [[NAN1001-dat]] - [[NAN1019-dat]] == both are active GPS antenna
9
-
10
-antenna connector - [[IPEX-dat]]
11
-
12
-
13
-## tuning
14
-
15
-1. Measuring GPS Antenna Performance (Signal Quality)
16
-
17
-To measure how well your GPS antenna performs (signal strength, accuracy, etc.):
18
-
19
-✅ Use GPS Diagnostic Apps or Tools: Android: Use apps like:
20
-
21
-- [GPS Test](https://play.google.com/store/search?q=gps%20test&c=apps&hl=en)
22
-- GPS Status & Toolbox
23
-
24
-2. Testing GPS Antenna Connection (for hardware troubleshooting)
25
-
26
-If you’re dealing with a custom GPS module (e.g., on a drone, Raspberry Pi, or embedded system), you may want to check if the antenna is electrically working:
27
-
28
-✅ Use a Multimeter:
29
-
30
-- Check for continuity in the antenna cable.
31
-- Measure voltage at the GPS antenna port (usually 3.3V or 5V for active antennas).
32
-- For active antennas (with a built-in amplifier), make sure power is being delivered.
33
-
34
-
35
-3. Physical Size / Frequency / Type Measurement
36
-
37
-If you're trying to measure or identify a GPS antenna for replacement or tuning:
38
-
39
-GPS Frequency bands:
40
-
41
-- L1: ~1575.42 MHz (most common)
42
-- L2: ~1227.60 MHz (for dual-band GPS)
43
-
44
-Use a **spectrum analyzer or antenna analyzer** to test bandwidth and impedance, if you're in a lab or technical environment.
45
-
46
-Measure **impedance** (should be 50 ohms) if connecting to a GPS receiver with RF tools.
47
-
48
-4. Antenna Position Tuning (for best reception)
49
-
50
-Use real-time tools to measure **signal changes based on position/orientation**. Walk around, move the device, or try different placements while watching satellite SNR and number of satellites.
51
-
52
-## ref
53
-
54
-- [[antenna-dat]]
55
-
56
-
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-lolipop-dat/antenna-lolipop-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-lolipop-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-## tiny whoop antenna
6
-
7
-- The **cable is for the video transmitter (VTX)**.
8
-- The **radio/control link (ELRS)** uses a separate, tiny PCB antenna embedded on the flight controller or VTX board.
9
-- So even though there is "one visible cable antenna," the drone **still has two radio paths internally**:
10
- - **Video (5.8 GHz)** → cable antenna
11
- - **Control (2.4 GHz ELRS)** → small PCB or tiny wire antenna
12
-
13
-
14
-## linear antenna VS circular antenna
15
-
16
-
17
-| VTX Power | Typical Range (Linear Antenna) | Typical Range (Circular Antenna) | Notes |
18
-|-----------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------|-------|
19
-| 25–100 mW | 120–300 meters | 100–250 meters | Short indoor range, low interference |
20
-| 200–400 mW | 500–900 meters | 400–800 meters | Suitable for backyard or small outdoor fields |
21
-| 600–800 mW | 1.2–2.2 km | 1–2 km | Common for outdoor FPV, moderate interference |
22
-| 1 W (1000 mW) | 2–3.5 km | 2–3 km | Maximum legal power in some regions; susceptible to interference |
23
-
24
-### Notes on Antenna Types
25
-- **Linear Antenna:** Slightly longer LOS range in perfect alignment, but highly sensitive to orientation changes.
26
-- **Circular Antenna:** Slightly shorter max LOS, but maintains more reliable signal through obstacles and multipath interference.
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-## What Does the "Lollipop" Antenna Do for FPV?
32
-
33
-In FPV (First Person View) drone systems, the **Lollipop antenna** is a type of **circularly polarized antenna** designed for the video transmitter (VTX) or receiver (VRX/goggles).
34
-
35
----
36
-
37
-### 📡 Main Functions
38
-
39
-1. **Improves Signal Stability**
40
- - Circular polarization helps reduce signal dropouts and multipath interference (caused by signals bouncing off walls, trees, or the ground).
41
- - This makes your FPV feed more consistent and less "glitchy".
42
-
43
-2. **Omnidirectional Coverage**
44
- - Lollipop antennas are usually **omnidirectional**, meaning they radiate and receive signals in nearly all directions around the drone.
45
- - You don’t need to point the antenna perfectly toward the drone.
46
-
47
-3. **Compact and Durable**
48
- - They are small, lightweight, and often enclosed in a protective plastic shell.
49
- - Good for freestyle and racing drones, since they can survive crashes better than long whip antennas.
50
-
51
-4. **Match with Receiver Antenna**
52
- - For best performance, both the VTX and goggles should use **circularly polarized antennas with the same handedness** (e.g., LHCP with LHCP, or RHCP with RHCP).
53
-
54
----
55
-
56
-### 🛠️ When to Use
57
-- On your **drone’s VTX** → stable signal while flying in environments with obstacles.
58
-- On your **FPV goggles** → better reception and fewer blind spots compared to linear antennas.
59
-
60
----
61
-
62
-### ✅ **Summary**:
63
-The FPV Lollipop antenna is a **circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna** that improves video signal quality, reduces interference, and provides reliable coverage for freestyle or racing drones.
64
-
65
-
66
-
67
-## ref
68
-
69
-- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-passive-dat
3
-
4
-Passive Antenna for GSM/LTE/GNSS/Bluetooth
5
-
6
-![](2025-05-20-19-24-11.png)
7
-
8
-
9
-In above figure, the component R1/R2/C1/C2 is reserved for antenna matching, the value of components
10
-can only be got after the antenna tuning, usually provided by the antenna factory.
11
-
12
-Among them, R1 and R2 paste 0Ω, C1 and C2 do not paste by default.
13
-
14
-The component D1 is a Bidirectional ESD Protection device, which is suggested to add to protection circuit, the recommended Part Numbers of the TVS are listed in the following table:
15
-
16
-
17
-0201 CE0201S05G01R SOCAY
18
-
19
-0402 PESD0402-03 PRISEMI
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-GNSS-dat.md
3
+
4
+- [[antenna-GNSS-dat]] - [[CONN-SMA-dat]] - [[CONN-IPEX-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+## product
8
+
9
+- [[NAN1001-dat]]
10
+
11
+## info
12
+
13
+GNSS antenna are commonly using [[antenna-active-dat]]
14
+
15
+GNSS antenna of [[A7670-dat]]
16
+
17
+![](2025-05-20-18-26-38.png)
18
+
19
+
20
+
21
+
22
+## GNSS recommanded antenna specifications
23
+
24
+passive
25
+
26
+- Frequency Range: 1559–1609 MHz
27
+- Polarization: RHCP
28
+- VSWR: < 2 (Typ.)
29
+- Passive Antenna Gain: > 0 dBi
30
+
31
+active
32
+
33
+- Frequency Range: 1559–1609 MHz
34
+- Polarization: RHCP
35
+- VSWR: < 2 (Typ.)
36
+- Passive Antenna Gain: > 0 dBi
37
+- Active Antenna Noise Figure: < 1.5 dB
38
+- Active Antenna Total Gain: < 18 d
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+
43
+
44
+
45
+表 28：GNSS 频率
46
+
47
+| type | frequencies | units |
48
+| ---------------- | --------------- | ----- |
49
+| GPS/Galileo/QZSS | 1575.42 ±1.023 | MHz |
50
+| GLONASS | 1597.5~1605.8 | MHz |
51
+| BeiDou | 1561.098 ±2.046 | MHz |
52
+
53
+
54
+
55
+## ref
56
+
57
+- [[antenna-dat]]
58
+
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-purpose-dat/antenna-location-dat/antenna-location-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-location-dat
3
+
4
+- 1575.42Mhz
5
+
6
+GPS
7
+
8
+- [[NAN1001-dat]] - [[NAN1019-dat]] == both are active GPS antenna
9
+
10
+antenna connector - [[IPEX-dat]]
11
+
12
+
13
+## tuning
14
+
15
+1. Measuring GPS Antenna Performance (Signal Quality)
16
+
17
+To measure how well your GPS antenna performs (signal strength, accuracy, etc.):
18
+
19
+✅ Use GPS Diagnostic Apps or Tools: Android: Use apps like:
20
+
21
+- [GPS Test](https://play.google.com/store/search?q=gps%20test&c=apps&hl=en)
22
+- GPS Status & Toolbox
23
+
24
+2. Testing GPS Antenna Connection (for hardware troubleshooting)
25
+
26
+If you’re dealing with a custom GPS module (e.g., on a drone, Raspberry Pi, or embedded system), you may want to check if the antenna is electrically working:
27
+
28
+✅ Use a Multimeter:
29
+
30
+- Check for continuity in the antenna cable.
31
+- Measure voltage at the GPS antenna port (usually 3.3V or 5V for active antennas).
32
+- For active antennas (with a built-in amplifier), make sure power is being delivered.
33
+
34
+
35
+3. Physical Size / Frequency / Type Measurement
36
+
37
+If you're trying to measure or identify a GPS antenna for replacement or tuning:
38
+
39
+GPS Frequency bands:
40
+
41
+- L1: ~1575.42 MHz (most common)
42
+- L2: ~1227.60 MHz (for dual-band GPS)
43
+
44
+Use a **spectrum analyzer or antenna analyzer** to test bandwidth and impedance, if you're in a lab or technical environment.
45
+
46
+Measure **impedance** (should be 50 ohms) if connecting to a GPS receiver with RF tools.
47
+
48
+4. Antenna Position Tuning (for best reception)
49
+
50
+Use real-time tools to measure **signal changes based on position/orientation**. Walk around, move the device, or try different placements while watching satellite SNR and number of satellites.
51
+
52
+## ref
53
+
54
+- [[antenna-dat]]
55
+
56
+
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-spring-dat/antenna-spring-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# antenna-spring-dat
3
-
4
-- spring coil antenna
5
-
6
-- [[VSWR-dat]] - [[bands-dat]] - [[frequency-dat]]
7
-
8
-- [[antenna-dat]]
9
-
10
-
11
-## products
12
-
13
-- [[NAN1013-dat]]
14
-
15
-## types
16
-
17
-![](2026-01-18-12-21-42.png)
18
-
19
-433
20
-
21
-433M弹簧天线
22
-总体长度：28mm线圈外径：4.6mm
23
-线径：0.6mm
24
-材质：不锈钢镀镍
25
-增益：3DB（比铜材更抗氧化抗腐蚀）
26
-驻波：1.5
27
-尺寸：28*4.6mm
28
-
29
-![](2026-01-18-12-24-39.png)
30
-
31
-470 490 mhz == lora
32
-
33
-![](2026-01-18-12-32-25.png)
34
-
35
-![](2026-01-18-12-32-57.png)
36
-
37
-915 868 mhz == lora
38
-
39
-![](2026-01-18-12-34-28.png)
40
-
41
-![](2026-01-18-12-34-48.png)
42
-
43
-
44
-### 2200mhz
45
-
46
-![](2026-01-18-12-23-47.png)
47
-
48
-![](2026-01-18-12-24-07.png)
49
-
50
-### 900 + 1800
51
-
52
-- [[2G-dat]] - [[NBIOT-dat]] - [[GPRS-dat]]
53
-
54
-![](2026-01-18-12-25-51.png)
55
-
56
-![](2026-01-18-12-25-23.png)
57
-
58
-### 2400 mhz
59
-
60
-![](2026-01-18-12-28-17.png)
61
-
62
-![](2026-01-18-12-33-18.png)
63
-
64
-## installation
65
-
66
-![](2026-01-18-12-26-40.png)
67
-
68
-2400 installation
69
-
70
-![](2026-01-18-12-31-01.png)
71
-
72
-
73
-- [[NAN1013-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/Antenna-T-dat/Antenna-T-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
1
+
2
+# T-antenna-dat
3
+
4
+- **Type:** T-style Dipole Antenna (a.k.a. T-antenna)
5
+
6
+- **Features:**
7
+ - Balanced dipole configuration with horizontal arms.
8
+ - Provides an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane.
9
+ - Commonly used in:
10
+ - RC aircraft telemetry
11
+ - Ground modules
12
+ - Benefits:
13
+ - Better signal uniformity
14
+ - Enhanced range and consistency
15
+ - Appearance:
16
+ - Red heat shrink tubing
17
+ - Horizontally extended elements
18
+
19
+
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/antenna-ceramic-dat/2025-08-28-18-16-53.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/antenna-ceramic-dat/antenna-ceramic-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-ceramic-dat
3
+
4
+ceramic mini antenna
5
+https://www.electrodragon.com/product/gps-ceramic-antenna-build/
6
+
7
+
8
+7000AT18A1600E-AEC
9
+
10
+JOHANSON(约翰逊)
11
+
12
+![](2025-08-28-18-16-53.png)
13
+
14
+
15
+## ref
16
+
17
+- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/antenna-lolipop-dat/antenna-lolipop-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
1
+
2
+# antenna-lolipop-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## tiny whoop antenna
6
+
7
+- The **cable is for the video transmitter (VTX)**.
8
+- The **radio/control link (ELRS)** uses a separate, tiny PCB antenna embedded on the flight controller or VTX board.
9
+- So even though there is "one visible cable antenna," the drone **still has two radio paths internally**:
10
+ - **Video (5.8 GHz)** → cable antenna
11
+ - **Control (2.4 GHz ELRS)** → small PCB or tiny wire antenna
12
+
13
+
14
+## linear antenna VS circular antenna
15
+
16
+
17
+| VTX Power | Typical Range (Linear Antenna) | Typical Range (Circular Antenna) | Notes |
18
+|-----------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------|-------|
19
+| 25–100 mW | 120–300 meters | 100–250 meters | Short indoor range, low interference |
20
+| 200–400 mW | 500–900 meters | 400–800 meters | Suitable for backyard or small outdoor fields |
21
+| 600–800 mW | 1.2–2.2 km | 1–2 km | Common for outdoor FPV, moderate interference |
22
+| 1 W (1000 mW) | 2–3.5 km | 2–3 km | Maximum legal power in some regions; susceptible to interference |
23
+
24
+### Notes on Antenna Types
25
+- **Linear Antenna:** Slightly longer LOS range in perfect alignment, but highly sensitive to orientation changes.
26
+- **Circular Antenna:** Slightly shorter max LOS, but maintains more reliable signal through obstacles and multipath interference.
27
+
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+## What Does the "Lollipop" Antenna Do for FPV?
32
+
33
+In FPV (First Person View) drone systems, the **Lollipop antenna** is a type of **circularly polarized antenna** designed for the video transmitter (VTX) or receiver (VRX/goggles).
34
+
35
+---
36
+
37
+### 📡 Main Functions
38
+
39
+1. **Improves Signal Stability**
40
+ - Circular polarization helps reduce signal dropouts and multipath interference (caused by signals bouncing off walls, trees, or the ground).
41
+ - This makes your FPV feed more consistent and less "glitchy".
42
+
43
+2. **Omnidirectional Coverage**
44
+ - Lollipop antennas are usually **omnidirectional**, meaning they radiate and receive signals in nearly all directions around the drone.
45
+ - You don’t need to point the antenna perfectly toward the drone.
46
+
47
+3. **Compact and Durable**
48
+ - They are small, lightweight, and often enclosed in a protective plastic shell.
49
+ - Good for freestyle and racing drones, since they can survive crashes better than long whip antennas.
50
+
51
+4. **Match with Receiver Antenna**
52
+ - For best performance, both the VTX and goggles should use **circularly polarized antennas with the same handedness** (e.g., LHCP with LHCP, or RHCP with RHCP).
53
+
54
+---
55
+
56
+### 🛠️ When to Use
57
+- On your **drone’s VTX** → stable signal while flying in environments with obstacles.
58
+- On your **FPV goggles** → better reception and fewer blind spots compared to linear antennas.
59
+
60
+---
61
+
62
+### ✅ **Summary**:
63
+The FPV Lollipop antenna is a **circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna** that improves video signal quality, reduces interference, and provides reliable coverage for freestyle or racing drones.
64
+
65
+
66
+
67
+## ref
68
+
69
+- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/antenna-spring-dat/antenna-spring-dat.md
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1
+
2
+# antenna-spring-dat
3
+
4
+- spring coil antenna
5
+
6
+- [[VSWR-dat]] - [[bands-dat]] - [[frequency-dat]]
7
+
8
+- [[antenna-dat]]
9
+
10
+
11
+## products
12
+
13
+- [[NAN1013-dat]]
14
+
15
+## types
16
+
17
+![](2026-01-18-12-21-42.png)
18
+
19
+433
20
+
21
+433M弹簧天线
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+总体长度：28mm线圈外径：4.6mm
23
+线径：0.6mm
24
+材质：不锈钢镀镍
25
+增益：3DB（比铜材更抗氧化抗腐蚀）
26
+驻波：1.5
27
+尺寸：28*4.6mm
28
+
29
+![](2026-01-18-12-24-39.png)
30
+
31
+470 490 mhz == lora
32
+
33
+![](2026-01-18-12-32-25.png)
34
+
35
+![](2026-01-18-12-32-57.png)
36
+
37
+915 868 mhz == lora
38
+
39
+![](2026-01-18-12-34-28.png)
40
+
41
+![](2026-01-18-12-34-48.png)
42
+
43
+
44
+### 2200mhz
45
+
46
+![](2026-01-18-12-23-47.png)
47
+
48
+![](2026-01-18-12-24-07.png)
49
+
50
+### 900 + 1800
51
+
52
+- [[2G-dat]] - [[NBIOT-dat]] - [[GPRS-dat]]
53
+
54
+![](2026-01-18-12-25-51.png)
55
+
56
+![](2026-01-18-12-25-23.png)
57
+
58
+### 2400 mhz
59
+
60
+![](2026-01-18-12-28-17.png)
61
+
62
+![](2026-01-18-12-33-18.png)
63
+
64
+## installation
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+
66
+![](2026-01-18-12-26-40.png)
67
+
68
+2400 installation
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+
70
+![](2026-01-18-12-31-01.png)
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+
72
+
73
+- [[NAN1013-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/antenna-type-dat/whip-antenna-dat/whip-antenna-dat.md
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+
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+# whip-antenna-dat
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+
4
+- **Type:** Whip Antenna (Monopole)
5
+
6
+- **Features:**
7
+ - Single element design (simpler than dipole)
8
+ - Compact and lightweight
9
+ - Commonly used in:
10
+ - Receiver modules
11
+ - Transmitters where space is limited
12
+ - Benefits:
13
+ - Easy to install
14
+ - Cost-effective
15
+ - Appearance:
16
+ - Slim vertical rod inside heat shrink tubing
17
+
18
+
19
+## ref
20
+
21
+- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/bias-T-dat/bias-T-dat.md
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@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# bias-T-dat
3
-
4
-## What is a Bias-T (DC Injection)?
5
-
6
-A **Bias-T** is a simple circuit that combines:
7
-
8
-- **DC power** (to power a device like an LNA or active antenna)
9
-- **RF signal** (like from an antenna)
10
-
11
-It allows both to **travel over the same coaxial cable** without interfering with each other.
12
-
13
----
14
-
15
-### ⚙️ Basic Components
16
-- **Inductor (L):** Passes DC but blocks RF.
17
-- **Capacitor (C):** Passes RF but blocks DC.
18
-
19
----
20
-
21
-### 🔁 How It Works
22
-
23
-```
24
-DC Input ───┬── L ──┬────────────→ To device (DC + RF)
25
- │ │
26
- │ C
27
- ▼ │
28
- (Power) └── RF Signal Input
29
-```
30
-
31
-- **Inductor (L):** Injects DC power into the line, while blocking RF from entering the power supply.
32
-- **Capacitor (C):** Lets RF signal pass through but blocks DC.
33
-
34
----
35
-
36
-### 📦 Common Uses
37
-- Powering **active antennas** or **LNAs** over a single cable.
38
-- Used in **satellite dishes**, **radio receivers**, **remote sensors**.
39
-- Reduces need for extra power wiring.
40
-
41
----
42
-
43
-### 🧠 Why It’s Useful
44
-- Simplifies installation — just **one cable** for signal and power.
45
-- Helps power **remote or hard-to-reach** RF devices.
46
-
47
-## ref
48
-
49
-- [[antenna-active-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/gain-shaping-dat/gain-shaping-dat.md
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@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# gain-shaping-dat
3
-
4
-## What is Gain Shaping?
5
-
6
-**Gain shaping** is the process of **controlling how much gain (amplification)** an electronic circuit provides **at different frequencies**.
7
-
8
----
9
-
10
-### 📈 Why It Matters
11
-Not all signals need equal amplification. Gain shaping helps:
12
-
13
-- **Boost weak but important frequency bands**
14
-- **Suppress unwanted or noisy bands**
15
-- **Flatten the frequency response** for more accurate signal processing
16
-
17
----
18
-
19
-### 🧰 How It's Done
20
-Gain shaping is typically achieved using:
21
-
22
-- **RC or LC filters** - [[LC-circuits-dat]]
23
-- **Feedback networks** in amplifiers
24
-- **Equalizers** (in audio systems)
25
-
26
-These components are tuned to **increase or decrease gain** at specific frequency ranges.
27
-
28
----
29
-
30
-### 📶 Example Use Cases
31
-| Application | Purpose of Gain Shaping |
32
-|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
33
-| RF Amplifiers | Flatten response or boost certain bands |
34
-| Audio Equipment | Adjust bass, mid, treble |
35
-| Active Antennas | Compensate for frequency loss or noise |
36
-| Medical Devices | Isolate and enhance signal from sensors |
37
-
38
----
39
-
40
-### 🎯 Key Benefit
41
-Gain shaping helps **tailor amplifier performance** to the needs of a system, improving **signal quality and efficiency**.
42
-
43
-## ref
44
-
45
-- [[antenna-active-dat]]
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@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# ipex-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-Types: left 1st Gen, middle 4st Gen., right soldering wire.
6
-
7
-![](2024-02-18-17-09-06.png)
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-## version
12
-
13
-- 1st Gen
14
-- 3rd Gen
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-## footprint
20
-
21
-- IPEX-SMD_HC-RF-IPEX0303-01 == HC-RF-IPEX0303-01
22
-
23
-![](2025-07-14-01-28-59.png)
24
-
25
-
26
-## ref
27
-
28
-- [[antenna-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/antenna-dat/whip-antenna-dat/whip-antenna-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# whip-antenna-dat
3
-
4
-- **Type:** Whip Antenna (Monopole)
5
-
6
-- **Features:**
7
- - Single element design (simpler than dipole)
8
- - Compact and lightweight
9
- - Commonly used in:
10
- - Receiver modules
11
- - Transmitters where space is limited
12
- - Benefits:
13
- - Easy to install
14
- - Cost-effective
15
- - Appearance:
16
- - Slim vertical rod inside heat shrink tubing
... ...
\ No newline at end of file