Tech-dat/tech-dat.md
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@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
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- [[3D-dat]] - [[fab-3d-print-dat]]
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-
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+- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
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## Circuits
272 272
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/2025-12-10-02-00-40.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-carbon-dat/rod-carbon-dat.md
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-
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-# carbon-rods-dat
3
-
4
-**Carbon rods** (also called **carbon fiber rods**) are lightweight, high-strength structural components widely used in radio-controlled (RC) aircraft, gliders, multirotors, and other hobby models.
5
-
6
----
7
-
8
-## 1. What Are Carbon Rods?
9
-Carbon rods are made from **carbon fiber strands** bonded together with epoxy resin.
10
-They are extremely **strong**, **rigid**, and **lightweight**, making them ideal for structural reinforcement in model aircraft.
11
-
12
----
13
-
14
-## 2. Key Features
15
-- **High strength-to-weight ratio**
16
-- **Very stiff** (excellent for wings and fuselage reinforcement)
17
-- **Corrosion-resistant**
18
-- **Lightweight compared to metal rods**
19
-- **Does not warp with humidity or temperature changes**
20
-
21
----
22
-
23
-## 3. Common Shapes
24
-1. **Solid round rods**
25
- - Used for spars, pushrods, and general reinforcement
26
-2. **Hollow tubes**
27
- - Lighter than solid rods, used for wing spars or long stiff beams
28
-3. **Flat strips (carbon plates)**
29
- - Used to strengthen fuselage sides, wing trailing edges, or control surfaces
30
-
31
----
32
-
33
-## 4. Typical Uses in RC Aircraft
34
-- **Wing spars** (main structural support inside the wing)
35
-- **Fuselage reinforcement**
36
-- **Tail boom structures**
37
-- **Control pushrods**
38
-- **Motor mounts** (for lightweight electric planes)
39
-- **FPV plane rigidity enhancement**
40
-
41
----
42
-
43
-## 5. Advantages in RC Models
44
-- Provides **rigidity** without adding much weight
45
-- Greatly increases **structural strength**
46
-- Helps prevent wing flex at high speeds
47
-- Improves flight precision and durability
48
-
49
----
50
-
51
-## 6. Adhesives and Bonding
52
-Compatible glues include:
53
-- **Epoxy**
54
-- **CA glue (foam-safe when used on foam models)**
55
-- **UHU POR** (for foam aircraft)
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-
57
-Avoid using general hot-melt glue for critical structural joints — it adds weight and low bonding strength.
58
-
59
----
60
-
61
-## 7. Common Diameters
62
-- **1mm – 3mm:** pushrods, small wings
63
-- **3mm – 6mm:** wing spars, fuselage reinforcement
64
-- **6mm – 10mm:** large wings and long FPV platforms
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-
66
-## ref
67
-
68
-- [[rod-system-dat]] - [[materials-dat]] - [[carbon-rods-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-dat.md
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-
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-# rod-system-dat
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-
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-
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-- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
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-
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-
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-- [[shaft-dat]]
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-
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-- [[PVC-tube-dat]]
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-
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-- [[carbon-rods-dat]]
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-
14
-- [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]]
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-
16
-- [[stainless-steel-hallow-tube-dat]]
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-
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-- [[rod-system-dat]]
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-
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-- [[hinge-dat]] - [[rod-tie-dat]] - [[crank-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
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-
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-- [[shaft-coupling-dat]]
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-
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-- [[stainless-steel-dat]] - [[stainless-steel-solid-rod-dat]] - [[metal-dat]]
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-
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-
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-- [[clamp-dat]]
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-
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-
30
-rod hinge
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-
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-![](2025-12-10-02-00-40.png)
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-## size
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-
39
-- 3mm [[ABS-dat]] [[shaft-dat]] - weak
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-
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-- 3mm [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]] - ?
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-
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-
44
-
45
-
46
-
47
-## common parts
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-
49
-- [[shaft-limit-ring-dat]] - [[shaft-coupling-dat]]
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-
51
-- [[flange-dat]]
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-
58
-
59
-## compare
60
-
61
-| Feature | 3mm Solid Carbon Rod | 3mm Solid Stainless Steel Rod |
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-|---------|--------------------|-------------------------------|
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-| **Material** | Carbon fiber (reinforced with epoxy) | Stainless steel (commonly 304 or 316) |
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-| **Density / Weight** | ~1.6 g/cm³ (lightweight) | ~8.0 g/cm³ (heavy) |
65
-| **Tensile Strength** | ~600–1000 MPa | ~500–700 MPa |
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-| **Flexural Strength / Stiffness** | Very high stiffness (high modulus) | Lower stiffness compared to carbon |
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-| **Impact / Shock Resistance** | Brittle, can snap under sudden impact | Tough, can bend under load without breaking |
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-| **Corrosion Resistance** | Excellent (does not rust) | Good (resists corrosion, but can rust in harsh environments) |
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-| **Weight-to-Strength Ratio** | Extremely high (very strong per gram) | Low (heavier for same strength) |
70
-| **Practical Notes** | Ideal for **lightweight reinforcement**, RC aircraft spars, hobby robotics | Better for **impact-heavy or load-bearing metal parts**, mechanical shafts |
71
-
72
-
73
-### Summary
74
-
75
-- **Carbon rod** is **much lighter** and very stiff; for **bending stiffness** or lightweight structure, it is stronger per weight.
76
-- **Stainless steel rod** is **heavier but tougher**; it can withstand impact and bending better without snapping.
77
-- **Conclusion:**
78
- - For **lightweight RC planes, drones, or aerospace applications** → **3mm carbon rod** is preferred.
79
- - For **mechanical shafts or parts under heavy impact** → **3mm stainless steel rod** is safer.
80
-
81
-
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-
83
-
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-
85
-## other
86
-
87
-cantilevel
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-
89
-![](2025-12-10-02-17-22.png)
90
-
91
-tube cross locker
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-
93
-![](2025-12-10-02-33-45.png)
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-
95
-vertical tube connector == water pipe joint
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-
97
-
98
-![](2025-12-10-02-45-20.png)
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-
100
-
101
-## ref
102
-
103
-- [[mechanical-structure-dat]]
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-
105
-- [[mechanical-structure]] - [[mechanics]]
106
-
107
-
108
-
109
-## ref
110
-
111
-- [[rod]]
112
-
113
-- [[mechanics]]
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-stainless-steel-solid-dat/rod-stainless-steel-solid-dat.md
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-
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-# stainless-steel-solid-rod-dat
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-## 切割 **6 mm 不锈钢实心棒** 可用的工具（按安全 & 效率排序）
10
-
11
-### ✅ 最推荐（安全、切口好）
12
-1. **金属带锯（Metal band saw）**
13
- - 最稳妥、反弹风险低
14
- - 切口垂直、毛刺少
15
- - 适合连续、多根切割
16
-
17
-2. **冷切锯 / 金属切割锯（Cold cut saw）**
18
- - 使用 **不锈钢专用 TCT 锯片**
19
- - 切口非常平整
20
- - 速度快，但设备成本较高
21
-
22
----
23
-
24
-### ⚠️ 可用（需注意操作）
25
-3. **角磨机 + 不锈钢切割片**
26
- - 常见、便宜
27
- - 切口粗，需要后续打磨
28
- - ⚠️ 必须夹紧工件，戴护目镜
29
-
30
-4. **台式切割机（Cut-off saw / Chop saw）**
31
- - 用 **不锈钢切割片**
32
- - 噪音大、火花多
33
- - 精度一般
34
-
35
----
36
-
37
-### 🐢 手动 / 低速方案
38
-5. **手动弓锯（Hacksaw，24–32 TPI）**
39
- - 成本最低
40
- - 适合少量或精细控制
41
- - 慢但安全
42
-
43
-- [[hand-Hacksaw-dat]] - [[tools-hand-dat]]
44
-
45
-
46
-6. **台钻 + 切割附件（不推荐为主方案）**
47
- - 可行但效率低
48
- - 对准和夹持要求高
49
-
50
----
51
-
52
-## ❌ 不适合 / 不安全
53
-- ❌ **木工台锯**
54
-- ❌ **木工圆锯片**
55
-- ❌ **高速钢薄圆锯片（用于台锯/角磨机）**
56
-- ❌ **曲线锯（易断条）**
57
-
58
----
59
-
60
-## 🔧 锯片 / 切割片选择要点
61
-- 标注：**Stainless Steel / Inox**
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-- 切割片厚度：**1.0–1.2 mm**
63
-- 若用带锯：**14–18 TPI** 适合 6 mm 实心棒
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-- 允许的话：**少量切削液** 可明显降温、延长寿命
65
-
66
----
67
-
68
-## 一句话建议
69
-> **最佳选择：金属带锯**
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-> **最普遍可行：角磨机 + 不锈钢切割片**
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-
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-## ref
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-
74
-- [[grinder-angle-dat]]
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-tie-dat/2025-12-06-13-44-22.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-tie-dat/rod-tie-dat.md
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-# rod-tie-dat
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-
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-- [[hinge-dat]]
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-
6
-![](2025-12-06-13-44-22.png)
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-
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-
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-
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-## Tie Rod vs Hinge
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-
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-| Feature | Tie Rod | Hinge |
13
-|-------------------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
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-| **Function** | Transmits **tensile force** (pulling). | Allows **rotational movement** around a fixed axis. |
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-| **Load Type** | Works under **tension**, rarely compression. | Works under **rotation**, may carry vertical/horizontal loads depending on design. |
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-| **Movement Allowed** | Linear connection; **no rotation** at ends unless designed with joints. | Rotational; **connects two parts allowing pivoting**. |
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-| **Typical Applications**| Structural reinforcement, suspension, kinematic linkages. | Doors, lids, flaps, robotic joints, mechanical linkages. |
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-| **Example** | Car suspension tie rod, truss tie rod. | Door hinge, laptop hinge, robot elbow hinge. |
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-
20
-### Key Difference
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-- **Tie Rod:** Keeps parts **aligned and under tension**, preventing separation or spreading.
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-- **Hinge:** **Connects two parts and allows rotation**, does not resist tension in a straight line.
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-
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-
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-## ref
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-
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-- [[rod-system-dat]] - [[hinge-dat]] - [[rod-tie-dat]]
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/rod-dat/rod-wood-dat/rod-wood-dat.md
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-# rod-wood-dat
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-
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-- [[construction-dat]] - [[rod-wood-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
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-
6
-一、先给结论（方便你快速判断）
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-
8
-在合理结构布置（有圈梁 / 拉杆）的前提下：
9
-
10
-✅ 实心木柱直径建议 ≥ 120～150 mm
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-⚠️ 绝对不建议低于 100 mm
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-
13
-如果：
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-
15
-层高 > 2.8 m
16
-
17
-或室外、有风
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-
19
-或连接方式比较“手工 / DIY”
20
-
21
-👉 建议直接上 150 mm 以上
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-
23
-二、为什么木头要比钢管粗这么多？
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-1️⃣ 材料强度差异（本质原因）
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-材料 抗压强度（顺纹）
26
-普通结构钢 200～250 MPa
27
-建筑用木材（松 / 杉） 20～40 MPa
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-硬木（榉木、橡木） 40～60 MPa
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-
30
-👉 钢是木头的 5～10 倍
31
-
32
-2️⃣ 木结构真正的弱点：失稳 + 缺陷
33
-
34
-木头有：
35
-
36
-年轮
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-
38
-节疤
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-
40
-裂纹
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-
42
-含水率变化
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-
44
-所以工程上：
45
-
46
-安全系数通常 ≥ 4～6
47
-
48
-不能按“极限强度”用
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-
50
-
51
-## ref
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-
53
-- [[rod-dat]]
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/2025-12-30-14-08-27.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-PVC-dat/tube-PVC-dat.md
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-# PVC-tube-dat
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-
4
-
5
-
6
-### PVC tube
7
-
8
-- 16 * 1.5mm
9
-- 20 * 1.8mm
10
-- 25 * 2.0mm
11
-- 32 * 2.2mm
12
-- 40 * 2.3mm
13
-- 16 * 1.3mm
14
-- 20 * 1.4mm
15
-- 25 * 1.6mm
16
-- 32 * 1.9mm
17
-- 40 * 2.0mm
18
-
19
-
20
-### small diameter tube
21
-
22
-- inner == 3 mm x outter == 5 mm
23
-- inner == 4 mm x outter == 6 mm
24
-- inner == 5 mm x outter == 7 mm
25
-- **inner == 6 mm x outter == 8 mm**
26
-- inner == 7 mm x outter == 9 mm
27
-- inner == 8 mm x outter == 10mm
28
-- inner == 9 mm x outter == 11mm
29
-- inner == 9 mm x outter == 12mm
30
-- inner == 10 mm x outter == 12mm
31
-- inner == 11 mm x outter == 13mm
32
-- inner == 12 mm x outter == 14mm
33
-
34
-- inner == 13 x outter 15mm
35
-- inner == 13 x outter 16mm
36
-- inner == 14 x outter 17mm
37
-- inner == 15 x outter 18mm
38
-- inner == 16 x outter 19mm
39
-- inner == 17 x outter 20mm
40
-- inner == 18 x outter 21mm
41
-- inner == 19 x outter 22mm
42
-- inner == 20 x outter 23mm
43
-- inner == 21 x outter 24mm
44
-
45
-
46
-- outter == 20mm * thickness 2.0 mm
47
-- outter == 25mm * thickness 2.0 mm
48
-- outter == 32mm * thickness 2.4 mm
49
-- outter == 40mm * thickness 2.0 mm
50
-- outter == 50mm * thickness 2.4 mm
51
-- outter == 63mm * thickness 3.0 mm
52
-- outter == 75mm * thickness 3.6 mm
53
-
54
-
55
-### PVC tube build
56
-
57
-| Outer diameter | thickness | length |
58
-| -------------- | --------- | --------- |
59
-| 6mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
60
-| 7mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
61
-| 8mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
62
-| 9mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
63
-| 10mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
64
-| 11mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
65
-| 12mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
66
-| 13mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
67
-| 14mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
68
-| 16mm | 2mm | [1 meter] |
69
-
70
-- [[pressure-dat]] - [[physics-dat]]
71
-
72
-- [[pressure-design-dat]]
73
-
74
-
75
-## PVC tube tools
76
-
77
-- [[cutter-dat]] special PVC tube cutter
78
-
79
-- [[glue-dat]]
80
-
81
-
82
-
83
-## water tube standard
84
-
85
-- 1/4
86
-- 1/8
87
-- 3/8
88
-- 1/2
89
-
90
-
91
-
92
-## PVC DN standard
93
-
94
-**DN** = **Nominal Diameter** (measured in millimeters, mm).
95
-It is a standardized naming system mainly used in ISO, European, and British pipe standards.
96
-
97
-### Meaning
98
-- **DN16** → Nominal Diameter **16 mm**
99
-- **DN25** → Nominal Diameter **25 mm**
100
-
101
-Note: DN is an approximate *reference size*. Actual inner and outer diameters vary by material and pressure rating.
102
-
103
----
104
-
105
-### Common Outer Diameters (Example: ISO / PPR / PVC Systems)
106
-
107
-| DN Size | Typical OD | Notes |
108
-|--------|-------------|-------|
109
-| **DN16** | ~20–25 mm OD | Small pipe for irrigation or household plumbing |
110
-| **DN25** | ~32–34 mm OD | Common water supply pipe size |
111
-
112
----
113
-
114
-### DN vs OD vs ID
115
-- **DN** → Naming size (not exact)
116
-- **OD** → Outer Diameter (actual measured size)
117
-- **ID** → Inner Diameter (depends on wall thickness)
118
-
119
-Example (PVC PN16):
120
-- DN25 → OD 32 mm
121
-- DN16 → OD 20 mm
122
-
123
-
124
-
125
-
126
-
127
-## PVC tube under hydrostatic pressure
128
-
129
-### Overview
130
-Quick reference for hydrostatic pressure effects on PVC tubes and why common PVC piping and joints are unsuitable for deep-water use.
131
-
132
-### Pressure basics
133
-- Water pressure increases by ~1 atmosphere (≈ 0.1 MPa) every 10 m of depth.
134
-- At 100 m depth the absolute pressure is roughly 11 atm ≈ 1.1 MPa.
135
-
136
-### Common PVC pressure ratings (internal pressure)
137
-- PN10: rated ~1.0 MPa (≈ 100 m water column)
138
-- PN16: rated ~1.6 MPa (≈ 160 m water column)
139
-
140
-Note: These ratings apply to internal-pressure tests (pipe containing pressurized fluid). External hydrostatic pressure (surrounding water pressing inward) is a different loading condition and can be more damaging.
141
-
142
-### Failure modes under external (deep-water) pressure
143
-- Wall collapse (pipe being crushed inward)
144
-- Deformation at solvent-welded joints
145
-- Micro-cracks or fissures forming near joints
146
-- Joint regions are mechanically weaker than the pipe body and typically fail first
147
-
148
-### Can ordinary PVC solvent-weld joints survive at 100 m depth?
149
-Short answer: No guarantee. Standard household PVC with solvent-welded joints is not suitable for long-term deep-water use.
150
-
151
-### Reasons
152
-1. Solvent-weld joint strength is usually lower than the pipe material itself — joints tend to fail first under high loads.
153
-2. Joints are vulnerable to deformation from external pressure — compression can open gaps in the sealed zone.
154
-3. PVC pipe material is not designed for sustained external hydrostatic compression — deep-water loads can produce micro-cracks or permanent deformation.
155
-4. Temperature fluctuations cause seal fatigue — large temperature changes (common in deep water) increase stresses at joints and accelerate failure.
156
-
157
-### Recommendation
158
-For DIY or household use, do not rely on PVC + solvent welding for sustained operation at ~100 m depth. Use purpose-built pressure housings, materials, and joining methods rated for external hydrostatic pressure
159
-
160
-
161
-
162
-
163
-
164
-## Connector
165
-
166
-
167
-![](2025-12-10-02-22-35.png)
168
-
169
-
170
-
171
-## ref
172
-
173
-- [[rod-system-dat]]
174
-
175
-
176
-## ref
177
-
178
-- [[tube]] - [[BOM]]
179
-
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-17-59-45.png
... ...
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-18-00-24.png
... ...
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-18-05-48.png
... ...
Binary files a/fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-18-05-48.png and /dev/null differ
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-04-04-20-45-44.png
... ...
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/tube-bend-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# tube-bend-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[tube-dat]] - [[tube-bend-dat]] - [[tube-elbow-dat]]
6
-
7
-## hand tool 2
8
-
9
-![](2026-04-04-20-45-44.png)
10
-
11
-need [[screw-dat]] or [[nail-dat]] M6 ~ M8
12
-
13
-
14
-![](2026-03-14-17-59-45.png)
15
-
16
-![](2026-03-14-18-00-24.png)
17
-
18
-## hand tool 1
19
-
20
-![](2026-03-14-18-05-48.png)
21
-
22
-
23
-## R15
24
-
25
-Quick reference table (R = 15 mm)
26
-
27
-| Bend angle | Total bend length (mm) | Middle point (mm) |
28
-| ---------- | ---------------------- | ----------------- |
29
-| 45° | 11.78 | 5.89 |
30
-| 60° | 15.71 | 7.85 |
31
-| 90° | 23.56 | 11.78 |
32
-
33
-
34
-## fix "Twist" (Clocking)
35
-
36
-If the material is steel or aluminum and the diameter isn't too large, you might be able to "cold straighten" it:
37
-
38
-`The Table Test`: Lay the tube on a flat welding table or floor. Press one end flat. If the other end is lifting off the surface, that is your error.
39
-
40
-`The Lever Method`: Secure one end in a heavy-duty vise (use soft jaws or wood blocks to protect the tube). Slide a longer, larger pipe over the other end to act as a lever, and gently twist until the two horizontal sections are coplanar.
41
-
42
-
43
-
44
-## ref
45
-
46
-- [[tube-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-copper-dat/tube-copper-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# tube-copper-dat
3
-
4
-尺寸：外径*壁厚（单位：毫米mm）注意毫米！0.5M价格！
5
-
6
-| | OD (mm) | ID | wall thickness (mm) | L |
7
-| -------- | ------- | --- | ------------------- | ----- |
8
-| | 0.8 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
9
-| | 0.8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
10
-| | 0.9 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
11
-| | 1 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
12
-| | 1 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
13
-| | 1 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
14
-| | 1.2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
15
-| | 1.2 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
16
-| | 1.2 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
17
-| | 1.2 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
18
-| | 1.3 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
19
-| | 1.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
20
-| | 1.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
21
-| | 1.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
22
-| | 1.5 | | 0.35 | 0.5M |
23
-| | 1.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
24
-| | 1.6 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
25
-| | 1.6 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
26
-| | 1.8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
27
-| | 1.8 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
28
-| | 1.8 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
29
-| | 1.8 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
30
-| | 1.9 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
31
-| | 2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
32
-| | 2 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
33
-| | 2 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
34
-| | 2 | | 0.35 | 0.5M |
35
-| | 2 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
36
-| | 2 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
37
-| | 2 | | 0.6 | 0.5M |
38
-| | 2.2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
39
-| | 2.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
40
-| | 2.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
41
-| | 2.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
42
-| | 2.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
43
-| | 2.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
44
-| | 3 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
45
-| | 3 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
46
-| | 3 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
47
-| | 3 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
48
-| | 3 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
49
-| | 3 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
50
-| | 3 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
51
-| | 3 | | 1 | 200mm |
52
-| | 3 | | 1 | 0.5M |
53
-| | 3.5 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
54
-| | 3.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
55
-| | 3.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
56
-| | 3.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
57
-| | 3.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
58
-| | 3.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
59
-| | 3.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
60
-| | 4 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
61
-| | 4 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
62
-| | 4 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
63
-| | 4 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
64
-| | 4 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
65
-| | 4 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
66
-| | 4 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
67
-| | 4 | | 1 | 200mm |
68
-| | 4 | | 1 | 0.5M |
69
-| | 4.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
70
-| | 4.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
71
-| | 4.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
72
-| | 4.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
73
-| | 4.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
74
-| | 5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
75
-| | 5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
76
-| | 5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
77
-| | 5 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
78
-| | 5 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
79
-| | 5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
80
-| | 5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
81
-| | 5 | | 1 | 200mm |
82
-| | 5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
83
-| | 5 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
84
-| | 5.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
85
-| | 5.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
86
-| | 5.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
87
-| | 5.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
88
-| | 5.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
89
-| | 6 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
90
-| | 6 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
91
-| | 6 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
92
-| | 6 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
93
-| | 6 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
94
-| | 6 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
95
-| | 6 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
96
-| | 6 | | 1 | 200mm |
97
-| | 6 | | 1 | 0.5M |
98
-| | 6 | | 1.2 | 0.5M |
99
-| | 6 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
100
-| | 6 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
101
-| | 6 | | 2 | 0.5M |
102
-| | 6.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
103
-| | 6.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
104
-| | 6.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
105
-| | 7 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
106
-| | 7 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
107
-| | 7 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
108
-| | 7 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
109
-| | 7 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
110
-| | 7 | | 1 | 200mm |
111
-| | 7 | | 1 | 0.5M |
112
-| | 7 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
113
-| | 7 | | 2 | 0.5M |
114
-| | 7.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
115
-| | 7.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
116
-| | 7.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
117
-| | 8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
118
-| | 8 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
119
-| | 8 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
120
-| | 8 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
121
-| | 8 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
122
-| | 8 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
123
-| | 8 | | 0.8 | 0.5M |
124
-| | 8 | | 1 | 200mm |
125
-| | 8 | | 1 | 0.5M |
126
-| | 8 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
127
-| | 8 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
128
-| | 8 | | 2 | 200mm |
129
-| | 8 | | 2 | 0.5M |
130
-| | 8.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
131
-| | 8.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
132
-| | 8.5 | 6.5 | 1 | 0.5M |
133
-| | 9 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
134
-| | 9 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
135
-| | 9 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
136
-| | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0.5M |
137
-| | 9 | 6 | 1.5 | 0.5M |
138
-| | 9 | | 2 | 0.5M |
139
-| | 9.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
140
-| | 9.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
141
-| | 9.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
142
-| | 9.5 | 7.5 | 1 | 0.5M |
143
-| | 10 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
144
-| | 10 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
145
-| | 10 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
146
-| | 10 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
147
-| | 10 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
148
-| | 10 | | 1 | 200mm |
149
-| | 10 | | 1 | 0.5M |
150
-| | 10 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
151
-| 10-7-1.5 | 10 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.5M |
152
-| | 10 | 6 | 2 | 200mm |
153
-| 10-6-2 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 0.5M |
154
-| | 10 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
155
-| | 10 | | 3 | 0.5M |
156
-| | 11 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
157
-| | 11 | | 1 | 0.5M |
158
-| | 11 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
159
-| 11-7-2 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 0.5M |
160
-| | 12 | | 0.3 | 485mm |
161
-| | 12 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
162
-| | 12 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
163
-| | 12 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
164
-| | 12 | | 0.8 | 0.5M |
165
-| | 12 | | 1 | 200mm |
166
-| | 12 | | 1 | 0.5M |
167
-| 12-9-1.5 | 12 | 9 | 1.5 | 200mm |
168
-| | 12 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
169
-| | 12 | 8 | 2 | 200mm |
170
-| | 12 | 8 | 2 | 0.5M |
171
-| | 12 | 6 | 3 | 0.5M |
172
-| | 13 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
173
-| | 13 | | 1 | 0.5M |
174
-| | 13 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
175
-| | 13 | 9 | 2 | 0.5M |
176
-| | 14 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
177
-| | 14 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
178
-| | 14 | | 1 | 200mm |
179
-| | 14 | | 1 | 0.5M |
180
-| | 14 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
181
-| | 14 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
182
-| | 14 | | 2 | 200mm |
183
-| | 14 | | 2 | 0.5M |
184
-| | 14 | 8 | 3 | 0.5M |
185
-| | 15 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
186
-| | 15 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
187
-| | 15 | | 1 | 200mm |
188
-| | 15 | | 1 | 0.5M |
189
-| | 15 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
190
-| | 15 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
191
-| | 15 | | 2 | 200mm |
192
-| | 15 | | 2 | 0.5M |
193
-| | 15 | | 3 | 0.5M |
194
-| | 16 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
195
-| | 16 | | 1 | 0.5M |
196
-| | 16 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
197
-| | 16 | | 2 | 0.5M |
198
-| | 16 | | 3 | 0.5M |
199
-| | 17 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
200
-| | 17 | | 1 | 0.5M |
201
-| | 17 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
202
-| | 17 | | 2 | 0.5M |
203
-| | 18 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
204
-| | 18 | | 1 | 0.5M |
205
-| | 18 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
206
-| | 18 | | 2 | 0.5M |
207
-| | 18 | | 3 | 0.5M |
208
-| | 19 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
209
-| | 19 | | 1 | 0.5M |
210
-| | 19 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
211
-| | 19 | | 2 | 0.5M |
212
-| | 20 | | 1 | 0.5M |
213
-| | 20 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
214
-| | 20 | | 2 | 0.5M |
215
-| | 20 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
216
-| | 20 | | 3 | 0.5M |
217
-| | 21 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
218
-| | 21 | | 1 | 0.5M |
219
-| | 21 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
220
-| | 21 | | 2 | 0.5M |
221
-| | 22 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
222
-| | 22 | | 1 | 0.5M |
223
-| | 22 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
224
-| | 22 | | 2 | 0.5M |
225
-| | 22 | | 3 | 0.5M |
226
-| | 23 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
227
-| | 23 | | 1 | 0.5M |
228
-| | 23 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
229
-| | 23 | | 2 | 0.5M |
230
-| | 24 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
231
-| | 24 | | 1 | 0.5M |
232
-| | 24 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
233
-| | 24 | | 2 | 0.5M |
234
-| | 25 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
235
-| | 25 | | 1 | 0.5M |
236
-| | 25 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
237
-| | 25 | | 2 | 0.5M |
238
-| | 25 | | 3 | 0.5M |
239
-| | 25 | | 5 | 0.5M |
240
-| | 26 | | 1 | 0.5M |
241
-| | 26 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
242
-| | 26 | | 2 | 0.5M |
243
-| | 26 | | 3 | 0.5M |
244
-| | 27 | | 1 | 0.5M |
245
-| | 27 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
246
-| | 27 | | 2 | 0.5M |
247
-| | 28 | | 1 | 0.5M |
248
-| | 28 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
249
-| | 28 | | 2 | 0.5M |
250
-| | 28 | | 3 | 0.5M |
251
-| | 29 | | 1 | 0.5M |
252
-| | 29 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
253
-| | 29 | | 2 | 0.5M |
254
-| | 30 | | 1 | 0.5M |
255
-| | 30 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
256
-| | 30 | | 2 | 0.5M |
257
-| | 30 | | 3 | 0.5M |
258
-| | 32 | | 1 | 0.5M |
259
-| | 32 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
260
-| | 32 | | 2 | 0.5M |
261
-| | 32 | | 3 | 0.5M |
262
-| | 35 | | 1 | 0.5M |
263
-| | 35 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
264
-| | 35 | | 2 | 0.5M |
265
-| | 35 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
266
-| | 35 | | 3 | 0.5M |
267
-| | 38 | | 1 | 0.5M |
268
-| | 38 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
269
-| | 38 | | 2 | 0.5M |
270
-| | 40 | | 1 | 0.5M |
271
-| | 40 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
272
-| | 40 | | 2 | 0.5M |
273
-| | 40 | | 3 | 0.5M |
274
-| | 42 | | 1 | 0.5M |
275
-| | 42 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
276
-| | 42 | | 2 | 0.5M |
277
-| | 45 | | 1 | 0.5M |
278
-| | 45 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
279
-| | 45 | | 2 | 0.5M |
280
-| | 45 | | 3 | 0.5M |
281
-| | 48 | | 1 | 0.5M |
282
-| | 48 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
283
-| | 50 | | 1 | 0.5M |
284
-| | 50 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
285
-| | 50 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
286
-| | 50 | | 3 | 0.5M |
287
-| | 55 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
288
-| | 55 | | 2 | 0.5M |
289
-| | 55 | | 3 | 0.5M |
290
-| | 60 | | 1 | 0.5M |
291
-| | 60 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
292
-| | 60 | | 2 | 0.5M |
293
-| | 60 | | 3 | 0.5M |
294
-| | 65 | | 1 | 0.5M |
295
-| | 65 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
296
-| | 65 | | 2 | 0.5M |
297
-| | 65 | | 3 | 0.5M |
298
-| | 70 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
299
-| | 70 | | 2 | 0.5M |
300
-| | 75 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
301
-| | 75 | | 2 | 0.5M |
302
-| | 75 | | 3 | 0.5M |
303
-| | 80 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
304
-| | 80 | | 2 | 0.5M |
305
-| | 80 | | 3 | 0.5M |
306
-| | 85 | | 3 | 200mm |
307
-| | 90 | | 3 | 200mm |
308
-| | 100 | | 2.5 | 200mm |
309
-| | 100 | | 4 | 200mm |
310
-
311
-
312
-
313
-
314
-
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# tube-dat
4
-
5
-- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
6
-
7
-
8
-- [[tube-copper-dat]]
9
-
10
-- [[tube-pvc-dat]]
11
-
12
-- [[shaft-dat]]
13
-
14
-- [[fab-tools-dat]] - [[grinder-dat]]
15
-
16
-
17
-- [[tube-dat]] - [[tube-bend-dat]] - [[tube-elbow-dat]]
18
-
19
-- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-lean-dat]] - [[tube-copper-dat]] - [[tube-oval-dat]] - [[tube-PVC-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
20
-
21
-6mm 以下
22
-
23
-聚氨酯管
24
-
25
-氟管, 铁氟龙管
26
-
27
-PA6尼龙管
28
-
29
-硅胶软管
30
-
31
-
32
-以下为 **≤6 mm 管径** 常见材料的**典型物理属性对比**（工程常用范围，具体数值会随配方/厂家变化）：
33
-
34
-| 材料 | 常见英文 | 密度 (g/cm³) | 硬度 | 抗拉强度 (MPa) | 工作温度 (°C) | 柔韧性 | 耐化学性 | 典型特点 |
35
-| --------------- | ------------------ | ------------ | ------------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------ | -------- | ------------------------------ |
36
-| 聚氨酯管 | PU / TPU Tube | 1.10–1.25 | Shore A 80–98 | 30–55 | -40 ~ +80 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | 高弹性、耐磨、回弹好，气动常用 |
37
-| 氟管 / 铁氟龙管 | PTFE Tube | 2.10–2.30 | Shore D 50–65 | 20–35 | -200 ~ +260 | ⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 极强耐腐蚀、低摩擦、不老化 |
38
-| PA6 尼龙管 | PA6 / Nylon 6 Tube | 1.12–1.15 | Shore D 70–80 | 50–80 | -40 ~ +120 | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 强度高、耐压好、尺寸稳定 |
39
-| 硅胶软管 | Silicone Tube | 1.10–1.20 | Shore A 30–70 | 5–12 | -60 ~ +200 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 极柔软、耐高低温、生物惰性 |
40
-
41
----
42
-
43
-### 关键工程对比要点（≤6 mm 管径时尤为明显）
44
-
45
-- **耐压能力（由高到低）**
46
- PA6 尼龙 ＞ PU ＞ PTFE（薄壁） ＞ 硅胶
47
-- **柔软度 / 可弯折性**
48
- 硅胶 ＞ PU ＞ PA6 ＞ PTFE
49
-- **耐化学 / 溶剂**
50
- PTFE ＞ PA6 ≈ 硅胶 ＞ PU
51
-- **耐磨性**
52
- PU ＞ PA6 ＞ PTFE ＞ 硅胶
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-## tube holder
58
-
59
-![](2025-12-30-14-08-27.png)
60
-
61
-![](2025-12-30-14-08-49.png)
62
-
63
-
64
-
65
-## tubes
66
-
67
-![](2025-12-30-14-19-59.png)
68
-
69
-- 蓝色 四氟管 铁氟龙管 ptfe 聚四氟乙烯管
70
-- PA6 尼龙管
71
-- 红色 硅胶管 耐高温软管
72
-- 聚氨酯 空心棒材 减震 PU 空心管 弹性胶棒 橡胶棒 优力胶棒
73
-
74
-![](2025-12-30-14-29-07.png)
75
-
76
-
77
-
78
-
79
-
80
-
81
-# tube-dat
82
-
83
-### PVC tube
84
-
85
-- 16 * 1.5mm
86
-- 20 * 1.8mm
87
-- 25 * 2.0mm
88
-- 32 * 2.2mm
89
-- 40 * 2.3mm
90
-- 16 * 1.3mm
91
-- 20 * 1.4mm
92
-- 25 * 1.6mm
93
-- 32 * 1.9mm
94
-- 40 * 2.0mm
95
-
96
-
97
-### small diameter tube
98
-
99
-- inner == 3 mm x outter == 5 mm
100
-- inner == 4 mm x outter == 6 mm
101
-- inner == 5 mm x outter == 7 mm
102
-- **inner == 6 mm x outter == 8 mm**
103
-- inner == 7 mm x outter == 9 mm
104
-- inner == 8 mm x outter == 10mm
105
-- inner == 9 mm x outter == 11mm
106
-- inner == 9 mm x outter == 12mm
107
-- inner == 10 mm x outter == 12mm
108
-- inner == 11 mm x outter == 13mm
109
-- inner == 12 mm x outter == 14mm
110
-
111
-- inner == 13 x outter 15mm
112
-- inner == 13 x outter 16mm
113
-- inner == 14 x outter 17mm
114
-- inner == 15 x outter 18mm
115
-- inner == 16 x outter 19mm
116
-- inner == 17 x outter 20mm
117
-- inner == 18 x outter 21mm
118
-- inner == 19 x outter 22mm
119
-- inner == 20 x outter 23mm
120
-- inner == 21 x outter 24mm
121
-
122
-
123
-- outter == 20mm * thickness 2.0 mm
124
-- outter == 25mm * thickness 2.0 mm
125
-- outter == 32mm * thickness 2.4 mm
126
-- outter == 40mm * thickness 2.0 mm
127
-- outter == 50mm * thickness 2.4 mm
128
-- outter == 63mm * thickness 3.0 mm
129
-- outter == 75mm * thickness 3.6 mm
130
-
131
-
132
-## S-shaped shaft
133
-
134
-Based on your diagram, you have an S-shaped shaft with a **6mm outer diameter** and a **2mm wall thickness**. This leaves a very small **2mm hollow center**. While a 2mm wall is relatively thick for a 6mm tube, the S-bend creates significant "leverage points" that concentrate stress at the curves.
135
-
136
-Here are the best ways to improve the strength of this specific component for your **Rover V2**:
137
-
138
----
139
-
140
-### 1. Internal Reinforcement (The "Core" Method)
141
-Since your tube has a 2mm internal hole, you can significantly increase its resistance to bending and snapping by filling that void.
142
-* **Steel Core:** Insert a **2mm stainless steel wire** or rod into the center before bending. This creates a "composite" shaft where the aluminum provides the shape and the steel provides the structural backbone.
143
-* **High-Strength Epoxy:** If a solid rod won't fit through the curves, inject a high-strength structural epoxy into the tube. While not as strong as steel, it prevents the tube walls from buckling inward.
144
-
145
-### 2. Material Upgrade
146
-Aluminum (likely 6061 or similar) is prone to "work hardening" and cracking at the bend points.
147
-* **Switch to Stainless Steel Tubing:** A 6mm stainless steel tube with a 1mm or 1.5mm wall will be significantly stiffer and stronger than your current 2mm-wall aluminum tube.
148
-* **Carbon Fiber Sleeving:** If weight is a major concern for your rover, you can slide a carbon fiber sleeve over the straight sections of the shaft and epoxy it in place to prevent flexing.
149
-
150
-### 3. Geometry Adjustments
151
-The "S" shape naturally wants to twist (torsion) and straighten out under load.
152
-* **Increase Bend Radius:** Your drawing shows an **R15** bend. If your chassis allows it, increasing this radius to R20 or R25 reduces the stress concentration at the curve and makes the metal less likely to fatigue.
153
-* **Support Bearings:** The best way to "strengthen" a shaft is to take the load off it. Add a **flange bearing** as close to the bends as possible. This prevents the shaft from acting like a long lever arm that pries against your motor.
154
-
155
-
156
----
157
-
158
-### 4. Comparison of Stiffness
159
-
160
-| Material/Setup | Stiffness (Relative) | Failure Risk |
161
-| :---------------------------- | :------------------- | :--------------------------------- |
162
-| **Current (2mm Alu Tube)** | Baseline | High (Bending/Snapping at R15) |
163
-| **Alu Tube + 2mm Steel Core** | **2x Higher** | Low (Steel prevents total failure) |
164
-| **Solid 6mm Steel Rod** | **5x Higher** | Very Low |
165
-| **6mm Stainless Tube** | **3x Higher** | Moderate |
166
-
167
-
168
-## app
169
-
170
-- [[crane-dat]]
171
-
172
-## accessories
173
-
174
-- [[hook-crane-dat]]
175
-
176
-## ref
177
-
178
-- [[tube]] - [[BOM]]
179
-
180
-
181
-
182
-
183
-## ref
184
-
185
-- [[shaft-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-lean-dat/tube-lean-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# lean-tube-dat
3
-
4
-lean tube system gen3
5
-
6
-**Third-Generation Lean Tube = Aluminum alloy pipes + internal embedded connectors + highly modular + fast assembly system**
7
-
8
-In simple terms:
9
-> **A fusion of lean tube systems and industrial aluminum profile advantages**
10
-
11
----
12
-
13
-## 3. Key Features of Third-Generation Lean Tube
14
-
15
-### 1️⃣ Internal Embedded Connections (Main Upgrade)
16
-- Connectors are **hidden inside the pipe**
17
-- No exposed clamps or bolts on the surface
18
-
19
-**Benefits**:
20
-- Clean and modern appearance
21
-- Safer (no sharp edges)
22
-- Ideal for cleanroom and ESD environments
23
-
24
----
25
-
26
-### 2️⃣ Fast Assembly & Easy Adjustment
27
-- Typically assembled with **a single hex key**
28
-- Supports:
29
- - Height adjustment
30
- - Angle adjustment
31
-- Non-permanent connections, reusable components
32
-
33
-**Perfect for**:
34
-- Rapid prototyping
35
-- Frequent layout changes
36
-- Small-batch production setups
37
-
38
----
39
-
40
-### 3️⃣ Improved Precision and Rigidity
41
-- Pipes are usually made from:
42
- - High-strength aluminum alloys (e.g., 6000 series)
43
-- Compared to Gen 1:
44
- - Less deformation
45
- - Better dimensional repeatability
46
- - More stable structures
47
-
48
----
49
-
50
-### 4️⃣ High Modularity
51
-Supports flexible combinations:
52
-- Straight joints
53
-- 45° / 90° joints
54
-- T-joints / Cross joints
55
-- Sliding and telescopic structures
56
-
57
-Can be easily integrated with:
58
-- Rollers
59
-- Conveyor tracks
60
-- Lighting
61
-- Tool boards
62
-- Sensors
63
-
64
----
65
-
66
-### 5️⃣ System-Oriented Design
67
-Third-generation lean tube systems are usually sold as **complete systems**, including:
68
-- Pipes
69
-- Internal connectors
70
-- Functional modules
71
-
72
-Often provided with:
73
-- Workstation systems
74
-- Logistics systems
75
-- Material handling solutions
76
-
77
----
78
-
79
-## 4. Third-Generation Lean Tube vs Industrial Aluminum Profiles
80
-
81
-| Comparison Item | 3rd-Gen Lean Tube | Aluminum T-Slot Profiles |
82
-|-----------------|------------------|--------------------------|
83
-| Assembly Speed | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
84
-| On-site Adjustment | Excellent | Moderate |
85
-| Appearance | Clean & rounded | Industrial |
86
-| Cost | Medium | Medium–High |
87
-| Max Load Capacity | Medium–High | Very High |
88
-| Typical Use | Workstations, carts, logistics | Machine frames, heavy equipment |
89
-
90
-**Note**: For heavy machine frames, aluminum T-slot profiles are better.
91
-For human-centered workstations, Gen 3 lean tube is more efficient.
92
-
93
----
94
-
95
-## 5. Typical Applications
96
-- Lean production workstations
97
-- ESD-safe work tables
98
-- R&D and laboratory platforms
99
-- Logistics carts
100
-- Light automation support frames
101
-
102
-
103
-## ref
104
-
105
-- [[tube-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-oval-dat/2025-12-29-14-50-01.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-oval-dat/tube-oval-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# tube-oval-dat
3
-
4
-- oval tube
5
-
6
-![](2025-12-29-14-50-01.png)
7
-
8
-![](2025-12-29-14-50-15.png)
9
-
10
-## ref
11
-
12
-- [[tube-oval]] - [[rod]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-steel-square-dat/2026-02-06-16-48-36.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/Shaft-dat/tube-dat/tube-steel-square-dat/tube-steel-square-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# tube-steel-square-dat
3
-
4
-- [[construction-dat]] - [[rod-wood-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
5
-
6
-
7
-metal tube connector
8
-
9
-![](2026-02-06-16-48-36.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/mechanical-structure-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
1 1
2 2
# mechanical-structure-dat.md
3 3
4
+
5
+
6
+- [[mechanical-structure-dat]] - [[sheet-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[frame-profile-dat]] - [[alu-extrusion-dat]]
7
+
4 8
- [[onshape-dat]] - [[CAD-dat]] - [[mechanical-structure-dat]]
5 9
6 10
- [[structure-dat]] - [[structure-t-dat]] - [[engineering-dat]]
... ...
@@ -13,7 +17,7 @@ common structure: - [[sheet-dat]] - [[frame-profile-dat]] - [[shell-case-dat/she
13 17
14 18
- [[alu-extrusion-dat]]
15 19
16
-- [[rod-system-dat]]
20
+- [[rod-system-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
17 21
18 22
- [[motion-system-dat]]
19 23
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/2025-12-10-02-00-40.png
... ...
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/2025-12-10-02-33-45.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/2025-12-10-02-45-20.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/rod-carbon-dat/rod-carbon-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
1
+
2
+# carbon-rods-dat
3
+
4
+**Carbon rods** (also called **carbon fiber rods**) are lightweight, high-strength structural components widely used in radio-controlled (RC) aircraft, gliders, multirotors, and other hobby models.
5
+
6
+---
7
+
8
+## 1. What Are Carbon Rods?
9
+Carbon rods are made from **carbon fiber strands** bonded together with epoxy resin.
10
+They are extremely **strong**, **rigid**, and **lightweight**, making them ideal for structural reinforcement in model aircraft.
11
+
12
+---
13
+
14
+## 2. Key Features
15
+- **High strength-to-weight ratio**
16
+- **Very stiff** (excellent for wings and fuselage reinforcement)
17
+- **Corrosion-resistant**
18
+- **Lightweight compared to metal rods**
19
+- **Does not warp with humidity or temperature changes**
20
+
21
+---
22
+
23
+## 3. Common Shapes
24
+1. **Solid round rods**
25
+ - Used for spars, pushrods, and general reinforcement
26
+2. **Hollow tubes**
27
+ - Lighter than solid rods, used for wing spars or long stiff beams
28
+3. **Flat strips (carbon plates)**
29
+ - Used to strengthen fuselage sides, wing trailing edges, or control surfaces
30
+
31
+---
32
+
33
+## 4. Typical Uses in RC Aircraft
34
+- **Wing spars** (main structural support inside the wing)
35
+- **Fuselage reinforcement**
36
+- **Tail boom structures**
37
+- **Control pushrods**
38
+- **Motor mounts** (for lightweight electric planes)
39
+- **FPV plane rigidity enhancement**
40
+
41
+---
42
+
43
+## 5. Advantages in RC Models
44
+- Provides **rigidity** without adding much weight
45
+- Greatly increases **structural strength**
46
+- Helps prevent wing flex at high speeds
47
+- Improves flight precision and durability
48
+
49
+---
50
+
51
+## 6. Adhesives and Bonding
52
+Compatible glues include:
53
+- **Epoxy**
54
+- **CA glue (foam-safe when used on foam models)**
55
+- **UHU POR** (for foam aircraft)
56
+
57
+Avoid using general hot-melt glue for critical structural joints — it adds weight and low bonding strength.
58
+
59
+---
60
+
61
+## 7. Common Diameters
62
+- **1mm – 3mm:** pushrods, small wings
63
+- **3mm – 6mm:** wing spars, fuselage reinforcement
64
+- **6mm – 10mm:** large wings and long FPV platforms
65
+
66
+## ref
67
+
68
+- [[rod-system-dat]] - [[materials-dat]] - [[carbon-rods-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/rod-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
1
+
2
+# rod-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+- [[shaft-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[PVC-tube-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[carbon-rods-dat]]
13
+
14
+- [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]]
15
+
16
+- [[stainless-steel-hallow-tube-dat]]
17
+
18
+- [[rod-system-dat]]
19
+
20
+- [[hinge-dat]] - [[rod-tie-dat]] - [[crank-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
21
+
22
+- [[shaft-coupling-dat]]
23
+
24
+- [[stainless-steel-dat]] - [[stainless-steel-solid-rod-dat]] - [[metal-dat]]
25
+
26
+
27
+- [[clamp-dat]]
28
+
29
+
30
+rod hinge
31
+
32
+![](2025-12-10-02-00-40.png)
33
+
34
+
35
+## info
36
+
37
+A **"Rod"** is a material shape (Geometry)
38
+
39
+A rod is a raw, solid, cylindrical piece of material. It describes what it looks like, not what it does.
40
+
41
+You can buy a "steel rod" from a hardware store.
42
+
43
+That rod does nothing until you machine it or design it into a mechanism.
44
+
45
+Analogy: A rod is like "lumber" (raw material).
46
+
47
+A **"Shaft"** is a machine element (Function)
48
+
49
+A shaft is a rotating machine component used to transmit power and torque from one part to another (like a motor shaft spinning a wheel). It describes what it does, not just what it looks like.
50
+
51
+A shaft is highly engineered, often featuring specific keyways, steps, or splines to mount gears and bearings.
52
+
53
+Analogy: A shaft is like a "table leg" (a finished product with a specific job).
54
+
55
+
56
+
57
+
58
+## size
59
+
60
+- 3mm [[ABS-dat]] [[shaft-dat]] - weak
61
+
62
+- 3mm [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]] - ?
63
+
64
+
65
+
66
+
67
+
68
+## common parts
69
+
70
+- [[shaft-limit-ring-dat]] - [[shaft-coupling-dat]]
71
+
72
+- [[flange-dat]]
73
+
74
+
75
+
76
+
77
+
78
+
79
+
80
+## compare
81
+
82
+| Feature | 3mm Solid Carbon Rod | 3mm Solid Stainless Steel Rod |
83
+|---------|--------------------|-------------------------------|
84
+| **Material** | Carbon fiber (reinforced with epoxy) | Stainless steel (commonly 304 or 316) |
85
+| **Density / Weight** | ~1.6 g/cm³ (lightweight) | ~8.0 g/cm³ (heavy) |
86
+| **Tensile Strength** | ~600–1000 MPa | ~500–700 MPa |
87
+| **Flexural Strength / Stiffness** | Very high stiffness (high modulus) | Lower stiffness compared to carbon |
88
+| **Impact / Shock Resistance** | Brittle, can snap under sudden impact | Tough, can bend under load without breaking |
89
+| **Corrosion Resistance** | Excellent (does not rust) | Good (resists corrosion, but can rust in harsh environments) |
90
+| **Weight-to-Strength Ratio** | Extremely high (very strong per gram) | Low (heavier for same strength) |
91
+| **Practical Notes** | Ideal for **lightweight reinforcement**, RC aircraft spars, hobby robotics | Better for **impact-heavy or load-bearing metal parts**, mechanical shafts |
92
+
93
+
94
+### Summary
95
+
96
+- **Carbon rod** is **much lighter** and very stiff; for **bending stiffness** or lightweight structure, it is stronger per weight.
97
+- **Stainless steel rod** is **heavier but tougher**; it can withstand impact and bending better without snapping.
98
+- **Conclusion:**
99
+ - For **lightweight RC planes, drones, or aerospace applications** → **3mm carbon rod** is preferred.
100
+ - For **mechanical shafts or parts under heavy impact** → **3mm stainless steel rod** is safer.
101
+
102
+
103
+
104
+
105
+
106
+## other
107
+
108
+cantilevel
109
+
110
+![](2025-12-10-02-17-22.png)
111
+
112
+tube cross locker
113
+
114
+![](2025-12-10-02-33-45.png)
115
+
116
+vertical tube connector == water pipe joint
117
+
118
+
119
+![](2025-12-10-02-45-20.png)
120
+
121
+
122
+## ref
123
+
124
+- [[mechanical-structure-dat]]
125
+
126
+- [[mechanical-structure]] - [[mechanics]]
127
+
128
+
129
+
130
+## ref
131
+
132
+- [[rod]]
133
+
134
+- [[mechanics]]
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/rod-stainless-steel-solid-dat/rod-stainless-steel-solid-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
1
+
2
+# stainless-steel-solid-rod-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+
8
+
9
+## 切割 **6 mm 不锈钢实心棒** 可用的工具（按安全 & 效率排序）
10
+
11
+### ✅ 最推荐（安全、切口好）
12
+1. **金属带锯（Metal band saw）**
13
+ - 最稳妥、反弹风险低
14
+ - 切口垂直、毛刺少
15
+ - 适合连续、多根切割
16
+
17
+2. **冷切锯 / 金属切割锯（Cold cut saw）**
18
+ - 使用 **不锈钢专用 TCT 锯片**
19
+ - 切口非常平整
20
+ - 速度快，但设备成本较高
21
+
22
+---
23
+
24
+### ⚠️ 可用（需注意操作）
25
+3. **角磨机 + 不锈钢切割片**
26
+ - 常见、便宜
27
+ - 切口粗，需要后续打磨
28
+ - ⚠️ 必须夹紧工件，戴护目镜
29
+
30
+4. **台式切割机（Cut-off saw / Chop saw）**
31
+ - 用 **不锈钢切割片**
32
+ - 噪音大、火花多
33
+ - 精度一般
34
+
35
+---
36
+
37
+### 🐢 手动 / 低速方案
38
+5. **手动弓锯（Hacksaw，24–32 TPI）**
39
+ - 成本最低
40
+ - 适合少量或精细控制
41
+ - 慢但安全
42
+
43
+- [[hand-Hacksaw-dat]] - [[tools-hand-dat]]
44
+
45
+
46
+6. **台钻 + 切割附件（不推荐为主方案）**
47
+ - 可行但效率低
48
+ - 对准和夹持要求高
49
+
50
+---
51
+
52
+## ❌ 不适合 / 不安全
53
+- ❌ **木工台锯**
54
+- ❌ **木工圆锯片**
55
+- ❌ **高速钢薄圆锯片（用于台锯/角磨机）**
56
+- ❌ **曲线锯（易断条）**
57
+
58
+---
59
+
60
+## 🔧 锯片 / 切割片选择要点
61
+- 标注：**Stainless Steel / Inox**
62
+- 切割片厚度：**1.0–1.2 mm**
63
+- 若用带锯：**14–18 TPI** 适合 6 mm 实心棒
64
+- 允许的话：**少量切削液** 可明显降温、延长寿命
65
+
66
+---
67
+
68
+## 一句话建议
69
+> **最佳选择：金属带锯**
70
+> **最普遍可行：角磨机 + 不锈钢切割片**
71
+
72
+## ref
73
+
74
+- [[grinder-angle-dat]]
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/rod-tie-dat/2025-12-06-13-44-22.png
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... ...
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1
+
2
+# rod-tie-dat
3
+
4
+- [[hinge-dat]]
5
+
6
+![](2025-12-06-13-44-22.png)
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+## Tie Rod vs Hinge
11
+
12
+| Feature | Tie Rod | Hinge |
13
+|-------------------------|--------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
14
+| **Function** | Transmits **tensile force** (pulling). | Allows **rotational movement** around a fixed axis. |
15
+| **Load Type** | Works under **tension**, rarely compression. | Works under **rotation**, may carry vertical/horizontal loads depending on design. |
16
+| **Movement Allowed** | Linear connection; **no rotation** at ends unless designed with joints. | Rotational; **connects two parts allowing pivoting**. |
17
+| **Typical Applications**| Structural reinforcement, suspension, kinematic linkages. | Doors, lids, flaps, robotic joints, mechanical linkages. |
18
+| **Example** | Car suspension tie rod, truss tie rod. | Door hinge, laptop hinge, robot elbow hinge. |
19
+
20
+### Key Difference
21
+- **Tie Rod:** Keeps parts **aligned and under tension**, preventing separation or spreading.
22
+- **Hinge:** **Connects two parts and allows rotation**, does not resist tension in a straight line.
23
+
24
+
25
+## ref
26
+
27
+- [[rod-system-dat]] - [[hinge-dat]] - [[rod-tie-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-dat/rod-wood-dat/rod-wood-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
1
+
2
+# rod-wood-dat
3
+
4
+- [[construction-dat]] - [[rod-wood-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
5
+
6
+一、先给结论（方便你快速判断）
7
+
8
+在合理结构布置（有圈梁 / 拉杆）的前提下：
9
+
10
+✅ 实心木柱直径建议 ≥ 120～150 mm
11
+⚠️ 绝对不建议低于 100 mm
12
+
13
+如果：
14
+
15
+层高 > 2.8 m
16
+
17
+或室外、有风
18
+
19
+或连接方式比较“手工 / DIY”
20
+
21
+👉 建议直接上 150 mm 以上
22
+
23
+二、为什么木头要比钢管粗这么多？
24
+1️⃣ 材料强度差异（本质原因）
25
+材料 抗压强度（顺纹）
26
+普通结构钢 200～250 MPa
27
+建筑用木材（松 / 杉） 20～40 MPa
28
+硬木（榉木、橡木） 40～60 MPa
29
+
30
+👉 钢是木头的 5～10 倍
31
+
32
+2️⃣ 木结构真正的弱点：失稳 + 缺陷
33
+
34
+木头有：
35
+
36
+年轮
37
+
38
+节疤
39
+
40
+裂纹
41
+
42
+含水率变化
43
+
44
+所以工程上：
45
+
46
+安全系数通常 ≥ 4～6
47
+
48
+不能按“极限强度”用
49
+
50
+
51
+## ref
52
+
53
+- [[rod-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/2025-12-30-14-08-27.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/2025-12-30-14-19-59.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-PVC-dat/2025-12-10-02-22-35.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-PVC-dat/tube-PVC-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# PVC-tube-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+### PVC tube
7
+
8
+- 16 * 1.5mm
9
+- 20 * 1.8mm
10
+- 25 * 2.0mm
11
+- 32 * 2.2mm
12
+- 40 * 2.3mm
13
+- 16 * 1.3mm
14
+- 20 * 1.4mm
15
+- 25 * 1.6mm
16
+- 32 * 1.9mm
17
+- 40 * 2.0mm
18
+
19
+
20
+### small diameter tube
21
+
22
+- inner == 3 mm x outter == 5 mm
23
+- inner == 4 mm x outter == 6 mm
24
+- inner == 5 mm x outter == 7 mm
25
+- **inner == 6 mm x outter == 8 mm**
26
+- inner == 7 mm x outter == 9 mm
27
+- inner == 8 mm x outter == 10mm
28
+- inner == 9 mm x outter == 11mm
29
+- inner == 9 mm x outter == 12mm
30
+- inner == 10 mm x outter == 12mm
31
+- inner == 11 mm x outter == 13mm
32
+- inner == 12 mm x outter == 14mm
33
+
34
+- inner == 13 x outter 15mm
35
+- inner == 13 x outter 16mm
36
+- inner == 14 x outter 17mm
37
+- inner == 15 x outter 18mm
38
+- inner == 16 x outter 19mm
39
+- inner == 17 x outter 20mm
40
+- inner == 18 x outter 21mm
41
+- inner == 19 x outter 22mm
42
+- inner == 20 x outter 23mm
43
+- inner == 21 x outter 24mm
44
+
45
+
46
+- outter == 20mm * thickness 2.0 mm
47
+- outter == 25mm * thickness 2.0 mm
48
+- outter == 32mm * thickness 2.4 mm
49
+- outter == 40mm * thickness 2.0 mm
50
+- outter == 50mm * thickness 2.4 mm
51
+- outter == 63mm * thickness 3.0 mm
52
+- outter == 75mm * thickness 3.6 mm
53
+
54
+
55
+### PVC tube build
56
+
57
+| Outer diameter | thickness | length |
58
+| -------------- | --------- | --------- |
59
+| 6mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
60
+| 7mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
61
+| 8mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
62
+| 9mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
63
+| 10mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
64
+| 11mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
65
+| 12mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
66
+| 13mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
67
+| 14mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
68
+| 16mm | 2mm | [1 meter] |
69
+
70
+- [[pressure-dat]] - [[physics-dat]]
71
+
72
+- [[pressure-design-dat]]
73
+
74
+
75
+## PVC tube tools
76
+
77
+- [[cutter-dat]] special PVC tube cutter
78
+
79
+- [[glue-dat]]
80
+
81
+
82
+
83
+## water tube standard
84
+
85
+- 1/4
86
+- 1/8
87
+- 3/8
88
+- 1/2
89
+
90
+
91
+
92
+## PVC DN standard
93
+
94
+**DN** = **Nominal Diameter** (measured in millimeters, mm).
95
+It is a standardized naming system mainly used in ISO, European, and British pipe standards.
96
+
97
+### Meaning
98
+- **DN16** → Nominal Diameter **16 mm**
99
+- **DN25** → Nominal Diameter **25 mm**
100
+
101
+Note: DN is an approximate *reference size*. Actual inner and outer diameters vary by material and pressure rating.
102
+
103
+---
104
+
105
+### Common Outer Diameters (Example: ISO / PPR / PVC Systems)
106
+
107
+| DN Size | Typical OD | Notes |
108
+|--------|-------------|-------|
109
+| **DN16** | ~20–25 mm OD | Small pipe for irrigation or household plumbing |
110
+| **DN25** | ~32–34 mm OD | Common water supply pipe size |
111
+
112
+---
113
+
114
+### DN vs OD vs ID
115
+- **DN** → Naming size (not exact)
116
+- **OD** → Outer Diameter (actual measured size)
117
+- **ID** → Inner Diameter (depends on wall thickness)
118
+
119
+Example (PVC PN16):
120
+- DN25 → OD 32 mm
121
+- DN16 → OD 20 mm
122
+
123
+
124
+
125
+
126
+
127
+## PVC tube under hydrostatic pressure
128
+
129
+### Overview
130
+Quick reference for hydrostatic pressure effects on PVC tubes and why common PVC piping and joints are unsuitable for deep-water use.
131
+
132
+### Pressure basics
133
+- Water pressure increases by ~1 atmosphere (≈ 0.1 MPa) every 10 m of depth.
134
+- At 100 m depth the absolute pressure is roughly 11 atm ≈ 1.1 MPa.
135
+
136
+### Common PVC pressure ratings (internal pressure)
137
+- PN10: rated ~1.0 MPa (≈ 100 m water column)
138
+- PN16: rated ~1.6 MPa (≈ 160 m water column)
139
+
140
+Note: These ratings apply to internal-pressure tests (pipe containing pressurized fluid). External hydrostatic pressure (surrounding water pressing inward) is a different loading condition and can be more damaging.
141
+
142
+### Failure modes under external (deep-water) pressure
143
+- Wall collapse (pipe being crushed inward)
144
+- Deformation at solvent-welded joints
145
+- Micro-cracks or fissures forming near joints
146
+- Joint regions are mechanically weaker than the pipe body and typically fail first
147
+
148
+### Can ordinary PVC solvent-weld joints survive at 100 m depth?
149
+Short answer: No guarantee. Standard household PVC with solvent-welded joints is not suitable for long-term deep-water use.
150
+
151
+### Reasons
152
+1. Solvent-weld joint strength is usually lower than the pipe material itself — joints tend to fail first under high loads.
153
+2. Joints are vulnerable to deformation from external pressure — compression can open gaps in the sealed zone.
154
+3. PVC pipe material is not designed for sustained external hydrostatic compression — deep-water loads can produce micro-cracks or permanent deformation.
155
+4. Temperature fluctuations cause seal fatigue — large temperature changes (common in deep water) increase stresses at joints and accelerate failure.
156
+
157
+### Recommendation
158
+For DIY or household use, do not rely on PVC + solvent welding for sustained operation at ~100 m depth. Use purpose-built pressure housings, materials, and joining methods rated for external hydrostatic pressure
159
+
160
+
161
+
162
+
163
+
164
+## Connector
165
+
166
+
167
+![](2025-12-10-02-22-35.png)
168
+
169
+
170
+
171
+## ref
172
+
173
+- [[rod-system-dat]]
174
+
175
+
176
+## ref
177
+
178
+- [[tube]] - [[BOM]]
179
+
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-17-59-45.png
... ...
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-03-14-18-05-48.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/2026-04-04-20-45-44.png
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-bend-dat/tube-bend-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
1
+
2
+# tube-bend-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[tube-dat]] - [[tube-bend-dat]] - [[tube-elbow-dat]]
6
+
7
+## hand tool 2
8
+
9
+![](2026-04-04-20-45-44.png)
10
+
11
+need [[screw-dat]] or [[nail-dat]] M6 ~ M8
12
+
13
+
14
+![](2026-03-14-17-59-45.png)
15
+
16
+![](2026-03-14-18-00-24.png)
17
+
18
+## hand tool 1
19
+
20
+![](2026-03-14-18-05-48.png)
21
+
22
+
23
+## R15
24
+
25
+Quick reference table (R = 15 mm)
26
+
27
+| Bend angle | Total bend length (mm) | Middle point (mm) |
28
+| ---------- | ---------------------- | ----------------- |
29
+| 45° | 11.78 | 5.89 |
30
+| 60° | 15.71 | 7.85 |
31
+| 90° | 23.56 | 11.78 |
32
+
33
+
34
+## fix "Twist" (Clocking)
35
+
36
+If the material is steel or aluminum and the diameter isn't too large, you might be able to "cold straighten" it:
37
+
38
+`The Table Test`: Lay the tube on a flat welding table or floor. Press one end flat. If the other end is lifting off the surface, that is your error.
39
+
40
+`The Lever Method`: Secure one end in a heavy-duty vise (use soft jaws or wood blocks to protect the tube). Slide a longer, larger pipe over the other end to act as a lever, and gently twist until the two horizontal sections are coplanar.
41
+
42
+
43
+
44
+## ref
45
+
46
+- [[tube-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-copper-dat/tube-copper-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
1
+
2
+# tube-copper-dat
3
+
4
+尺寸：外径*壁厚（单位：毫米mm）注意毫米！0.5M价格！
5
+
6
+| | OD (mm) | ID | wall thickness (mm) | L |
7
+| -------- | ------- | --- | ------------------- | ----- |
8
+| | 0.8 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
9
+| | 0.8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
10
+| | 0.9 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
11
+| | 1 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
12
+| | 1 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
13
+| | 1 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
14
+| | 1.2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
15
+| | 1.2 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
16
+| | 1.2 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
17
+| | 1.2 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
18
+| | 1.3 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
19
+| | 1.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
20
+| | 1.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
21
+| | 1.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
22
+| | 1.5 | | 0.35 | 0.5M |
23
+| | 1.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
24
+| | 1.6 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
25
+| | 1.6 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
26
+| | 1.8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
27
+| | 1.8 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
28
+| | 1.8 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
29
+| | 1.8 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
30
+| | 1.9 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
31
+| | 2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
32
+| | 2 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
33
+| | 2 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
34
+| | 2 | | 0.35 | 0.5M |
35
+| | 2 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
36
+| | 2 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
37
+| | 2 | | 0.6 | 0.5M |
38
+| | 2.2 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
39
+| | 2.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
40
+| | 2.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
41
+| | 2.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
42
+| | 2.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
43
+| | 2.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
44
+| | 3 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
45
+| | 3 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
46
+| | 3 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
47
+| | 3 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
48
+| | 3 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
49
+| | 3 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
50
+| | 3 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
51
+| | 3 | | 1 | 200mm |
52
+| | 3 | | 1 | 0.5M |
53
+| | 3.5 | | 0.15 | 0.5M |
54
+| | 3.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
55
+| | 3.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
56
+| | 3.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
57
+| | 3.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
58
+| | 3.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
59
+| | 3.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
60
+| | 4 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
61
+| | 4 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
62
+| | 4 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
63
+| | 4 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
64
+| | 4 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
65
+| | 4 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
66
+| | 4 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
67
+| | 4 | | 1 | 200mm |
68
+| | 4 | | 1 | 0.5M |
69
+| | 4.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
70
+| | 4.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
71
+| | 4.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
72
+| | 4.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
73
+| | 4.5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
74
+| | 5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
75
+| | 5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
76
+| | 5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
77
+| | 5 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
78
+| | 5 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
79
+| | 5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
80
+| | 5 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
81
+| | 5 | | 1 | 200mm |
82
+| | 5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
83
+| | 5 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
84
+| | 5.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
85
+| | 5.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
86
+| | 5.5 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
87
+| | 5.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
88
+| | 5.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
89
+| | 6 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
90
+| | 6 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
91
+| | 6 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
92
+| | 6 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
93
+| | 6 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
94
+| | 6 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
95
+| | 6 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
96
+| | 6 | | 1 | 200mm |
97
+| | 6 | | 1 | 0.5M |
98
+| | 6 | | 1.2 | 0.5M |
99
+| | 6 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
100
+| | 6 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
101
+| | 6 | | 2 | 0.5M |
102
+| | 6.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
103
+| | 6.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
104
+| | 6.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
105
+| | 7 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
106
+| | 7 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
107
+| | 7 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
108
+| | 7 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
109
+| | 7 | | 0.75 | 0.5M |
110
+| | 7 | | 1 | 200mm |
111
+| | 7 | | 1 | 0.5M |
112
+| | 7 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
113
+| | 7 | | 2 | 0.5M |
114
+| | 7.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
115
+| | 7.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
116
+| | 7.5 | | 1 | 0.5M |
117
+| | 8 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
118
+| | 8 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
119
+| | 8 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
120
+| | 8 | | 0.4 | 0.5M |
121
+| | 8 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
122
+| | 8 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
123
+| | 8 | | 0.8 | 0.5M |
124
+| | 8 | | 1 | 200mm |
125
+| | 8 | | 1 | 0.5M |
126
+| | 8 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
127
+| | 8 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
128
+| | 8 | | 2 | 200mm |
129
+| | 8 | | 2 | 0.5M |
130
+| | 8.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
131
+| | 8.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
132
+| | 8.5 | 6.5 | 1 | 0.5M |
133
+| | 9 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
134
+| | 9 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
135
+| | 9 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
136
+| | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0.5M |
137
+| | 9 | 6 | 1.5 | 0.5M |
138
+| | 9 | | 2 | 0.5M |
139
+| | 9.5 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
140
+| | 9.5 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
141
+| | 9.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
142
+| | 9.5 | 7.5 | 1 | 0.5M |
143
+| | 10 | | 0.2 | 0.5M |
144
+| | 10 | | 0.25 | 0.5M |
145
+| | 10 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
146
+| | 10 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
147
+| | 10 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
148
+| | 10 | | 1 | 200mm |
149
+| | 10 | | 1 | 0.5M |
150
+| | 10 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
151
+| 10-7-1.5 | 10 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.5M |
152
+| | 10 | 6 | 2 | 200mm |
153
+| 10-6-2 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 0.5M |
154
+| | 10 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
155
+| | 10 | | 3 | 0.5M |
156
+| | 11 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
157
+| | 11 | | 1 | 0.5M |
158
+| | 11 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
159
+| 11-7-2 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 0.5M |
160
+| | 12 | | 0.3 | 485mm |
161
+| | 12 | | 0.3 | 0.5M |
162
+| | 12 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
163
+| | 12 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
164
+| | 12 | | 0.8 | 0.5M |
165
+| | 12 | | 1 | 200mm |
166
+| | 12 | | 1 | 0.5M |
167
+| 12-9-1.5 | 12 | 9 | 1.5 | 200mm |
168
+| | 12 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
169
+| | 12 | 8 | 2 | 200mm |
170
+| | 12 | 8 | 2 | 0.5M |
171
+| | 12 | 6 | 3 | 0.5M |
172
+| | 13 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
173
+| | 13 | | 1 | 0.5M |
174
+| | 13 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
175
+| | 13 | 9 | 2 | 0.5M |
176
+| | 14 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
177
+| | 14 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
178
+| | 14 | | 1 | 200mm |
179
+| | 14 | | 1 | 0.5M |
180
+| | 14 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
181
+| | 14 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
182
+| | 14 | | 2 | 200mm |
183
+| | 14 | | 2 | 0.5M |
184
+| | 14 | 8 | 3 | 0.5M |
185
+| | 15 | | 0.5 | 200mm |
186
+| | 15 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
187
+| | 15 | | 1 | 200mm |
188
+| | 15 | | 1 | 0.5M |
189
+| | 15 | | 1.5 | 200mm |
190
+| | 15 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
191
+| | 15 | | 2 | 200mm |
192
+| | 15 | | 2 | 0.5M |
193
+| | 15 | | 3 | 0.5M |
194
+| | 16 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
195
+| | 16 | | 1 | 0.5M |
196
+| | 16 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
197
+| | 16 | | 2 | 0.5M |
198
+| | 16 | | 3 | 0.5M |
199
+| | 17 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
200
+| | 17 | | 1 | 0.5M |
201
+| | 17 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
202
+| | 17 | | 2 | 0.5M |
203
+| | 18 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
204
+| | 18 | | 1 | 0.5M |
205
+| | 18 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
206
+| | 18 | | 2 | 0.5M |
207
+| | 18 | | 3 | 0.5M |
208
+| | 19 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
209
+| | 19 | | 1 | 0.5M |
210
+| | 19 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
211
+| | 19 | | 2 | 0.5M |
212
+| | 20 | | 1 | 0.5M |
213
+| | 20 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
214
+| | 20 | | 2 | 0.5M |
215
+| | 20 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
216
+| | 20 | | 3 | 0.5M |
217
+| | 21 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
218
+| | 21 | | 1 | 0.5M |
219
+| | 21 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
220
+| | 21 | | 2 | 0.5M |
221
+| | 22 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
222
+| | 22 | | 1 | 0.5M |
223
+| | 22 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
224
+| | 22 | | 2 | 0.5M |
225
+| | 22 | | 3 | 0.5M |
226
+| | 23 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
227
+| | 23 | | 1 | 0.5M |
228
+| | 23 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
229
+| | 23 | | 2 | 0.5M |
230
+| | 24 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
231
+| | 24 | | 1 | 0.5M |
232
+| | 24 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
233
+| | 24 | | 2 | 0.5M |
234
+| | 25 | | 0.5 | 0.5M |
235
+| | 25 | | 1 | 0.5M |
236
+| | 25 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
237
+| | 25 | | 2 | 0.5M |
238
+| | 25 | | 3 | 0.5M |
239
+| | 25 | | 5 | 0.5M |
240
+| | 26 | | 1 | 0.5M |
241
+| | 26 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
242
+| | 26 | | 2 | 0.5M |
243
+| | 26 | | 3 | 0.5M |
244
+| | 27 | | 1 | 0.5M |
245
+| | 27 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
246
+| | 27 | | 2 | 0.5M |
247
+| | 28 | | 1 | 0.5M |
248
+| | 28 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
249
+| | 28 | | 2 | 0.5M |
250
+| | 28 | | 3 | 0.5M |
251
+| | 29 | | 1 | 0.5M |
252
+| | 29 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
253
+| | 29 | | 2 | 0.5M |
254
+| | 30 | | 1 | 0.5M |
255
+| | 30 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
256
+| | 30 | | 2 | 0.5M |
257
+| | 30 | | 3 | 0.5M |
258
+| | 32 | | 1 | 0.5M |
259
+| | 32 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
260
+| | 32 | | 2 | 0.5M |
261
+| | 32 | | 3 | 0.5M |
262
+| | 35 | | 1 | 0.5M |
263
+| | 35 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
264
+| | 35 | | 2 | 0.5M |
265
+| | 35 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
266
+| | 35 | | 3 | 0.5M |
267
+| | 38 | | 1 | 0.5M |
268
+| | 38 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
269
+| | 38 | | 2 | 0.5M |
270
+| | 40 | | 1 | 0.5M |
271
+| | 40 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
272
+| | 40 | | 2 | 0.5M |
273
+| | 40 | | 3 | 0.5M |
274
+| | 42 | | 1 | 0.5M |
275
+| | 42 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
276
+| | 42 | | 2 | 0.5M |
277
+| | 45 | | 1 | 0.5M |
278
+| | 45 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
279
+| | 45 | | 2 | 0.5M |
280
+| | 45 | | 3 | 0.5M |
281
+| | 48 | | 1 | 0.5M |
282
+| | 48 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
283
+| | 50 | | 1 | 0.5M |
284
+| | 50 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
285
+| | 50 | | 2.5 | 0.5M |
286
+| | 50 | | 3 | 0.5M |
287
+| | 55 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
288
+| | 55 | | 2 | 0.5M |
289
+| | 55 | | 3 | 0.5M |
290
+| | 60 | | 1 | 0.5M |
291
+| | 60 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
292
+| | 60 | | 2 | 0.5M |
293
+| | 60 | | 3 | 0.5M |
294
+| | 65 | | 1 | 0.5M |
295
+| | 65 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
296
+| | 65 | | 2 | 0.5M |
297
+| | 65 | | 3 | 0.5M |
298
+| | 70 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
299
+| | 70 | | 2 | 0.5M |
300
+| | 75 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
301
+| | 75 | | 2 | 0.5M |
302
+| | 75 | | 3 | 0.5M |
303
+| | 80 | | 1.5 | 0.5M |
304
+| | 80 | | 2 | 0.5M |
305
+| | 80 | | 3 | 0.5M |
306
+| | 85 | | 3 | 200mm |
307
+| | 90 | | 3 | 200mm |
308
+| | 100 | | 2.5 | 200mm |
309
+| | 100 | | 4 | 200mm |
310
+
311
+
312
+
313
+
314
+
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# tube-dat
4
+
5
+- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-dat]] - [[rod-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+- [[tube-copper-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[tube-pvc-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[shaft-dat]]
13
+
14
+- [[fab-tools-dat]] - [[grinder-dat]]
15
+
16
+
17
+- [[tube-dat]] - [[tube-bend-dat]] - [[tube-elbow-dat]]
18
+
19
+- [[shaft-dat]] - [[tube-lean-dat]] - [[tube-copper-dat]] - [[tube-oval-dat]] - [[tube-PVC-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
20
+
21
+6mm 以下
22
+
23
+聚氨酯管
24
+
25
+氟管, 铁氟龙管
26
+
27
+PA6尼龙管
28
+
29
+硅胶软管
30
+
31
+
32
+以下为 **≤6 mm 管径** 常见材料的**典型物理属性对比**（工程常用范围，具体数值会随配方/厂家变化）：
33
+
34
+| 材料 | 常见英文 | 密度 (g/cm³) | 硬度 | 抗拉强度 (MPa) | 工作温度 (°C) | 柔韧性 | 耐化学性 | 典型特点 |
35
+| --------------- | ------------------ | ------------ | ------------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------ | -------- | ------------------------------ |
36
+| 聚氨酯管 | PU / TPU Tube | 1.10–1.25 | Shore A 80–98 | 30–55 | -40 ~ +80 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | 高弹性、耐磨、回弹好，气动常用 |
37
+| 氟管 / 铁氟龙管 | PTFE Tube | 2.10–2.30 | Shore D 50–65 | 20–35 | -200 ~ +260 | ⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 极强耐腐蚀、低摩擦、不老化 |
38
+| PA6 尼龙管 | PA6 / Nylon 6 Tube | 1.12–1.15 | Shore D 70–80 | 50–80 | -40 ~ +120 | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 强度高、耐压好、尺寸稳定 |
39
+| 硅胶软管 | Silicone Tube | 1.10–1.20 | Shore A 30–70 | 5–12 | -60 ~ +200 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 极柔软、耐高低温、生物惰性 |
40
+
41
+---
42
+
43
+### 关键工程对比要点（≤6 mm 管径时尤为明显）
44
+
45
+- **耐压能力（由高到低）**
46
+ PA6 尼龙 ＞ PU ＞ PTFE（薄壁） ＞ 硅胶
47
+- **柔软度 / 可弯折性**
48
+ 硅胶 ＞ PU ＞ PA6 ＞ PTFE
49
+- **耐化学 / 溶剂**
50
+ PTFE ＞ PA6 ≈ 硅胶 ＞ PU
51
+- **耐磨性**
52
+ PU ＞ PA6 ＞ PTFE ＞ 硅胶
53
+
54
+
55
+
56
+
57
+## tube holder
58
+
59
+![](2025-12-30-14-08-27.png)
60
+
61
+![](2025-12-30-14-08-49.png)
62
+
63
+
64
+
65
+## tubes
66
+
67
+![](2025-12-30-14-19-59.png)
68
+
69
+- 蓝色 四氟管 铁氟龙管 ptfe 聚四氟乙烯管
70
+- PA6 尼龙管
71
+- 红色 硅胶管 耐高温软管
72
+- 聚氨酯 空心棒材 减震 PU 空心管 弹性胶棒 橡胶棒 优力胶棒
73
+
74
+![](2025-12-30-14-29-07.png)
75
+
76
+
77
+
78
+
79
+
80
+
81
+# tube-dat
82
+
83
+### PVC tube
84
+
85
+- 16 * 1.5mm
86
+- 20 * 1.8mm
87
+- 25 * 2.0mm
88
+- 32 * 2.2mm
89
+- 40 * 2.3mm
90
+- 16 * 1.3mm
91
+- 20 * 1.4mm
92
+- 25 * 1.6mm
93
+- 32 * 1.9mm
94
+- 40 * 2.0mm
95
+
96
+
97
+### small diameter tube
98
+
99
+- inner == 3 mm x outter == 5 mm
100
+- inner == 4 mm x outter == 6 mm
101
+- inner == 5 mm x outter == 7 mm
102
+- **inner == 6 mm x outter == 8 mm**
103
+- inner == 7 mm x outter == 9 mm
104
+- inner == 8 mm x outter == 10mm
105
+- inner == 9 mm x outter == 11mm
106
+- inner == 9 mm x outter == 12mm
107
+- inner == 10 mm x outter == 12mm
108
+- inner == 11 mm x outter == 13mm
109
+- inner == 12 mm x outter == 14mm
110
+
111
+- inner == 13 x outter 15mm
112
+- inner == 13 x outter 16mm
113
+- inner == 14 x outter 17mm
114
+- inner == 15 x outter 18mm
115
+- inner == 16 x outter 19mm
116
+- inner == 17 x outter 20mm
117
+- inner == 18 x outter 21mm
118
+- inner == 19 x outter 22mm
119
+- inner == 20 x outter 23mm
120
+- inner == 21 x outter 24mm
121
+
122
+
123
+- outter == 20mm * thickness 2.0 mm
124
+- outter == 25mm * thickness 2.0 mm
125
+- outter == 32mm * thickness 2.4 mm
126
+- outter == 40mm * thickness 2.0 mm
127
+- outter == 50mm * thickness 2.4 mm
128
+- outter == 63mm * thickness 3.0 mm
129
+- outter == 75mm * thickness 3.6 mm
130
+
131
+
132
+## S-shaped shaft
133
+
134
+Based on your diagram, you have an S-shaped shaft with a **6mm outer diameter** and a **2mm wall thickness**. This leaves a very small **2mm hollow center**. While a 2mm wall is relatively thick for a 6mm tube, the S-bend creates significant "leverage points" that concentrate stress at the curves.
135
+
136
+Here are the best ways to improve the strength of this specific component for your **Rover V2**:
137
+
138
+---
139
+
140
+### 1. Internal Reinforcement (The "Core" Method)
141
+Since your tube has a 2mm internal hole, you can significantly increase its resistance to bending and snapping by filling that void.
142
+* **Steel Core:** Insert a **2mm stainless steel wire** or rod into the center before bending. This creates a "composite" shaft where the aluminum provides the shape and the steel provides the structural backbone.
143
+* **High-Strength Epoxy:** If a solid rod won't fit through the curves, inject a high-strength structural epoxy into the tube. While not as strong as steel, it prevents the tube walls from buckling inward.
144
+
145
+### 2. Material Upgrade
146
+Aluminum (likely 6061 or similar) is prone to "work hardening" and cracking at the bend points.
147
+* **Switch to Stainless Steel Tubing:** A 6mm stainless steel tube with a 1mm or 1.5mm wall will be significantly stiffer and stronger than your current 2mm-wall aluminum tube.
148
+* **Carbon Fiber Sleeving:** If weight is a major concern for your rover, you can slide a carbon fiber sleeve over the straight sections of the shaft and epoxy it in place to prevent flexing.
149
+
150
+### 3. Geometry Adjustments
151
+The "S" shape naturally wants to twist (torsion) and straighten out under load.
152
+* **Increase Bend Radius:** Your drawing shows an **R15** bend. If your chassis allows it, increasing this radius to R20 or R25 reduces the stress concentration at the curve and makes the metal less likely to fatigue.
153
+* **Support Bearings:** The best way to "strengthen" a shaft is to take the load off it. Add a **flange bearing** as close to the bends as possible. This prevents the shaft from acting like a long lever arm that pries against your motor.
154
+
155
+
156
+---
157
+
158
+### 4. Comparison of Stiffness
159
+
160
+| Material/Setup | Stiffness (Relative) | Failure Risk |
161
+| :---------------------------- | :------------------- | :--------------------------------- |
162
+| **Current (2mm Alu Tube)** | Baseline | High (Bending/Snapping at R15) |
163
+| **Alu Tube + 2mm Steel Core** | **2x Higher** | Low (Steel prevents total failure) |
164
+| **Solid 6mm Steel Rod** | **5x Higher** | Very Low |
165
+| **6mm Stainless Tube** | **3x Higher** | Moderate |
166
+
167
+
168
+## app
169
+
170
+- [[crane-dat]]
171
+
172
+## accessories
173
+
174
+- [[hook-crane-dat]]
175
+
176
+## ref
177
+
178
+- [[tube]] - [[BOM]]
179
+
180
+
181
+
182
+
183
+## ref
184
+
185
+- [[shaft-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-lean-dat/tube-lean-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
1
+
2
+# lean-tube-dat
3
+
4
+lean tube system gen3
5
+
6
+**Third-Generation Lean Tube = Aluminum alloy pipes + internal embedded connectors + highly modular + fast assembly system**
7
+
8
+In simple terms:
9
+> **A fusion of lean tube systems and industrial aluminum profile advantages**
10
+
11
+---
12
+
13
+## 3. Key Features of Third-Generation Lean Tube
14
+
15
+### 1️⃣ Internal Embedded Connections (Main Upgrade)
16
+- Connectors are **hidden inside the pipe**
17
+- No exposed clamps or bolts on the surface
18
+
19
+**Benefits**:
20
+- Clean and modern appearance
21
+- Safer (no sharp edges)
22
+- Ideal for cleanroom and ESD environments
23
+
24
+---
25
+
26
+### 2️⃣ Fast Assembly & Easy Adjustment
27
+- Typically assembled with **a single hex key**
28
+- Supports:
29
+ - Height adjustment
30
+ - Angle adjustment
31
+- Non-permanent connections, reusable components
32
+
33
+**Perfect for**:
34
+- Rapid prototyping
35
+- Frequent layout changes
36
+- Small-batch production setups
37
+
38
+---
39
+
40
+### 3️⃣ Improved Precision and Rigidity
41
+- Pipes are usually made from:
42
+ - High-strength aluminum alloys (e.g., 6000 series)
43
+- Compared to Gen 1:
44
+ - Less deformation
45
+ - Better dimensional repeatability
46
+ - More stable structures
47
+
48
+---
49
+
50
+### 4️⃣ High Modularity
51
+Supports flexible combinations:
52
+- Straight joints
53
+- 45° / 90° joints
54
+- T-joints / Cross joints
55
+- Sliding and telescopic structures
56
+
57
+Can be easily integrated with:
58
+- Rollers
59
+- Conveyor tracks
60
+- Lighting
61
+- Tool boards
62
+- Sensors
63
+
64
+---
65
+
66
+### 5️⃣ System-Oriented Design
67
+Third-generation lean tube systems are usually sold as **complete systems**, including:
68
+- Pipes
69
+- Internal connectors
70
+- Functional modules
71
+
72
+Often provided with:
73
+- Workstation systems
74
+- Logistics systems
75
+- Material handling solutions
76
+
77
+---
78
+
79
+## 4. Third-Generation Lean Tube vs Industrial Aluminum Profiles
80
+
81
+| Comparison Item | 3rd-Gen Lean Tube | Aluminum T-Slot Profiles |
82
+|-----------------|------------------|--------------------------|
83
+| Assembly Speed | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
84
+| On-site Adjustment | Excellent | Moderate |
85
+| Appearance | Clean & rounded | Industrial |
86
+| Cost | Medium | Medium–High |
87
+| Max Load Capacity | Medium–High | Very High |
88
+| Typical Use | Workstations, carts, logistics | Machine frames, heavy equipment |
89
+
90
+**Note**: For heavy machine frames, aluminum T-slot profiles are better.
91
+For human-centered workstations, Gen 3 lean tube is more efficient.
92
+
93
+---
94
+
95
+## 5. Typical Applications
96
+- Lean production workstations
97
+- ESD-safe work tables
98
+- R&D and laboratory platforms
99
+- Logistics carts
100
+- Light automation support frames
101
+
102
+
103
+## ref
104
+
105
+- [[tube-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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fab-mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/tube-dat/tube-oval-dat/tube-oval-dat.md
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1
+
2
+# tube-oval-dat
3
+
4
+- oval tube
5
+
6
+![](2025-12-29-14-50-01.png)
7
+
8
+![](2025-12-29-14-50-15.png)
9
+
10
+## ref
11
+
12
+- [[tube-oval]] - [[rod]]
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\ No newline at end of file
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1
+
2
+# tube-steel-square-dat
3
+
4
+- [[construction-dat]] - [[rod-wood-dat]] - [[tube-steel-square-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+metal tube connector
8
+
9
+![](2026-02-06-16-48-36.png)
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