Changes in c31b2d5: type-c

				Tech-dat/Interface-dat/USB-dat/USB-2.0-dat/USB-2.0-dat.md
			
          @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@

          +

          +# USB-2.0-dat

          +

				Tech-dat/Interface-dat/USB-dat/USB-3.0-dat/USB-3.0-dat.md
			
          @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@

          +

          +# USB-3.0-dat

          +

          +- [[superspeed-dat]]

          +

          +## Key Functions and Features

          +

          +USB 3.0, also known as SuperSpeed USB, introduced several significant improvements over its predecessor, USB 2.0:

          +

          +*   **Increased Data Transfer Speed:** Offers a maximum theoretical transfer rate of up to 5 Gbps (Gigabits per second), which is roughly 10 times faster than USB 2.0's High-Speed rate of 480 Mbps. This significantly reduces the time needed to transfer large files like HD videos or backups.

          +*   **Full-Duplex Communication:** Unlike USB 2.0 which operated in half-duplex (data could only flow in one direction at a time), USB 3.0 uses two dedicated unidirectional data paths, allowing data to be sent and received simultaneously. This improves overall bandwidth and responsiveness.

          +*   **Improved Power Management:** Features more aggressive power-saving states, allowing devices to enter low-power modes more quickly when idle, reducing overall power consumption.

          +*   **Increased Power Output:** Standard USB 3.0 ports can deliver more power to connected devices (up to 900mA compared to 500mA for USB 2.0), enabling faster charging for compatible devices and better support for power-hungry peripherals without needing an external power adapter.

          +*   **Backward Compatibility:** USB 3.0 ports are designed to be backward compatible with USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 devices. When a slower device is connected to a USB 3.0 port, it will operate at the slower speed. Similarly, a USB 3.0 device connected to a USB 2.0 port will operate at USB 2.0 speeds.

          +*   **New Physical Connections:** While maintaining compatibility with USB Type-A connectors (often colored blue to distinguish them), USB 3.0 introduced new connector types like USB 3.0 Micro-B for certain devices.

				Tech-dat/Interface-dat/USB-dat/USB-4.0-dat/USB-4.0-dat.md
			
          @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@

          +

          +# USB-4.0-dat

          +

          +Here are the key advancements introduced with USB 4.0:

          +

          +- Increased Speed: Offers a maximum data transfer rate of up to 40 Gbps, matching Thunderbolt 3 speeds, by utilizing two lanes. Some configurations might operate at 20 Gbps.

          +- Thunderbolt 3 Convergence: USB 4.0 integrates the Thunderbolt 3 protocol, making USB 4.0 ports inherently compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices and cables (though manufacturers must implement and certify this).

          +- Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing: More efficiently shares bandwidth between data (USB 3.x) and display (DisplayPort) protocols running simultaneously over the same connection. It allocates bandwidth based on need, rather than fixed splitting.

          +- DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0: Can support DisplayPort 2.0 over the USB-C connector, enabling higher resolutions and refresh rates for external displays compared to previous versions.

          +- Mandatory USB Power Delivery (PD): All USB 4.0 implementations must support USB Power Delivery for more robust power negotiation and delivery.

          +- Backward Compatibility: Maintains backward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0, and (optionally, but commonly) Thunderbolt 3.

          +- Exclusive Use of USB Type-C: USB 4.0 is only available through the USB Type-C connector. - [[type-c-dat]]

          +

          +## ref 

          +

          +- [[type-c-dat]]

          \ No newline at end of file

				Tech-dat/Interface-dat/USB-dat/type-c-dat/type-c-dat.md
			
          @@ -1,24 +1,84 @@

           # typec-dat

          -USB Type-C涵盖了USB 3, USB4, Thunderbolt 3, Thunderbolt 4…等许多协议，而不同的产品应用也对应着不同的USB版本速率，如下表所示：

          +## history 

          +

          +USB Type-C encompasses many protocols such as USB 3, USB4, Thunderbolt 3, Thunderbolt 4, etc. Different product applications correspond to different USB version speeds, as shown in the table below:

           ![](2024-05-09-12-51-12.png)

          -虽然同样都是使用USB Type-C接口，但由于协议版本及速率的不同，想要达到最佳效能，在系统/装置/USB Type-C线缆匹配上必需具备一致性。而不同装置或是系统，所需的线缆也不尽相同。单单是速率，USB Type-C线缆就有以下的分别：

          +Although they all use the USB Type-C interface, due to differences in protocol versions and speeds, achieving optimal performance requires consistency in matching the system/device/USB Type-C cable. Different devices or systems also require different cables. Just considering speed, USB Type-C cables have the following distinctions:

           ![](2024-05-09-12-51-37.png)

          -随着传输速率的提升，高速设备的供电量需求也越来越大，故USB Type-C势必得推出各种规格来对应。USB-IF在2021年所发布的USB PD 修订版 3.1 规范中便提出了 EPR供电 (Extended Power Range，扩充功率范围)需达到最大240W的供电来因应高供电量的需求。综合以上所述，线缆规格及版本速率的分类之多几乎令人眼花缭乱，不免也让消费者在购买时容易产生选择上的疑惑。

          +As transmission speeds increase, the power demand for high-speed devices also grows larger. Therefore, USB Type-C must introduce various specifications to cope. The USB PD Revision 3.1 specification released by USB-IF in 2021 proposed EPR (Extended Power Range) power supply, requiring a maximum of 240W to meet the demand for high power supply. In summary, the numerous classifications of cable specifications and version speeds are almost dazzling, inevitably causing confusion for consumers when making purchases.

          -为了改善此情况，2022年3月USB-IF提出了线缆结合传输速率及支持电源能力的认证，也重新定义了线缆的规格。未来线缆不用再分版本，而是以「通用的速率及供电」来进行区分。

          +To improve this situation, in March 2022, USB-IF proposed certification combining cable transmission speed and supported power capability, and redefined cable specifications. In the future, cables will no longer be differentiated by version, but rather by "universal speed and power supply."

           ![](2024-05-09-12-52-02.png)

          -

          -

          -# type-c-dat

          +## type-c pin definitions

          +

          +The USB Type-C connector has 24 pins. Here is the pinout for the receptacle:

          +

          +**Top Row:**

          +| Pin | Name   | Description                                     |

          +| --- | ------ | ----------------------------------------------- |

          +| A1  | GND    | Ground                                          |

          +| A2  | SSTXp1 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, TX, Positive   |

          +| A3  | SSTXn1 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, TX, Negative   |

          +| A4  | VBUS   | Bus Power                                       |

          +| A5  | CC1    | Configuration Channel                           |

          +| A6  | Dp1    | USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 1, Positive |

          +| A7  | Dn1    | USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 1, Negative |

          +| A8  | SBU1   | Sideband Use (SBU)                              |

          +| A9  | VBUS   | Bus Power                                       |

          +| A10 | SSRXn2 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, RX, Negative   |

          +| A11 | SSRXp2 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, RX, Positive   |

          +| A12 | GND    | Ground                                          |

          +

          +**Bottom Row:**

          +| Pin | Name   | Description                                     |

          +| --- | ------ | ----------------------------------------------- |

          +| B12 | GND    | Ground                                          |

          +| B11 | SSRXp1 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, RX, Positive   |

          +| B10 | SSRXn1 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, RX, Negative   |

          +| B9  | VBUS   | Bus Power                                       |

          +| B8  | SBU2   | Sideband Use (SBU)                              |

          +| B7  | Dn2    | USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 2, Negative |

          +| B6  | Dp2    | USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 2, Positive |

          +| B5  | CC2    | Configuration Channel                           |

          +| B4  | VBUS   | Bus Power                                       |

          +| B3  | SSTXn2 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, TX, Negative   |

          +| B2  | SSTXp2 | SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, TX, Positive   |

          +| B1  | GND    | Ground                                          |

          +

          +**Key Points:**

          +*   **Symmetry:** The pinout is symmetrical, allowing the plug to be inserted either way up.

          +*   **USB 2.0:** Only one set of D+/D- pins (either A6/A7 or B6/B7) is connected through the cable at any time.

          +*   **SuperSpeed:** TX/RX pairs are used for high-speed data (USB 3.x, DisplayPort Alt Mode, Thunderbolt, etc.).

          +*   **CC Pins:** Used for detecting connection, orientation, role (Host/Device/DRP), and managing Power Delivery (PD).

          +*   **SBU Pins:** Used for Alternate Modes, such as DisplayPort or Audio Adapter Accessory Mode.

          +*   **VBUS/GND:** Provide power and ground reference. Multiple pins are used to handle higher currents for Power Delivery.

          +

          +- [[DisplayPort-dat]] - [[Thunderbolt-dat]]

          +

          +## Conversion to USB 2.0 

          +

          +- [[USB-2.0-dat]] - [[USB-3.0-dat]] - [[USB-4.0-dat]]

          +

          +- VBUS: Connect one or more Type-C VBUS pins (A4, A9, B4, B9) to the USB-A VBUS pin (Pin 1).

          +- GND: Connect one or more Type-C GND pins (A1, A12, B1, B12) to the USB-A GND pin (Pin 4).

          +- D+: Connect one of the Type-C D+ pins (A6 or B6) to the USB-A D+ pin (Pin 3).

          +- D-: Connect the corresponding Type-C D- pin (A7 or B7) to the USB-A D- pin (Pin 2).

          +- CC Pin: This is crucial for Type-C. For a simple adapter presenting a USB-A port, one of the CC pins (A5 or B5) on the Type-C plug needs a 5.1 kΩ pull-down resistor (Rd) connected to GND. This signals to the connected Type-C device that it's attached to a legacy USB downstream-facing port (like the one provided by the adapter).

          +

          +Note:

          +

          +- This only covers USB 2.0 functionality. Converting for USB 3.x SuperSpeed requires connecting the SSTX and SSRX pairs as well, which is more complex.

          +- Features like Power Delivery (PD) beyond basic 5V and Alternate Modes (like DisplayPort) are not supported through this simple conversion.

          +- Commercial adapters and cables handle this internal wiring. Building such an adapter requires careful attention to the USB specifications, especially regarding the CC pin configuration.

           ## wiring to CM4

				Tech-dat/Interface-dat/USB-dat/usb-dat.md
			
          @@ -1,11 +1,14 @@

           # usb-dat 

          -- [[USB-cable-dat]] - [[USB-ESD-dat]]

          +- [[USB-cable-dat]] - [[USB-ESD-dat]] 

           - libusb-win32

           - https://zadig.akeo.ie/

          +## USB variations 

          +

          +- [[USB2.0-dat]] - [[type-c-dat]]

           ## Devices

				Tech-dat/digital-dat/digital-dat.md
			
          @@ -1,4 +1,11 @@

           # digital-dat

          -- [[digital-video-dat]]

          \ No newline at end of file

          +- [[digital-video-dat]]

          +

          +- [[USB-dat]] - [[HDMI-dat]]

          +

          +

          +## ref 

          +

          +- [[analog-dat]]

				Tech-dat/digital-dat/digital-video-dat/digital-video-dat.md
			
          @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

           # digital-video-dat

          -- [[USB-camera-dat]]

          +- [[USB-camera-dat]] - [[USB-dat]] - [[digital-dat]] - [[HDMI-dat]]

           ## Digital Video Output Types

...	...	@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
	1	+
	2	+# USB-3.0-dat
	3	+
	4	+- [[superspeed-dat]]
	5	+
	6	+## Key Functions and Features
	7	+
	8	+USB 3.0, also known as SuperSpeed USB, introduced several significant improvements over its predecessor, USB 2.0:
	9	+
	10	+* Increased Data Transfer Speed: Offers a maximum theoretical transfer rate of up to 5 Gbps (Gigabits per second), which is roughly 10 times faster than USB 2.0's High-Speed rate of 480 Mbps. This significantly reduces the time needed to transfer large files like HD videos or backups.
	11	+* Full-Duplex Communication: Unlike USB 2.0 which operated in half-duplex (data could only flow in one direction at a time), USB 3.0 uses two dedicated unidirectional data paths, allowing data to be sent and received simultaneously. This improves overall bandwidth and responsiveness.
	12	+* Improved Power Management: Features more aggressive power-saving states, allowing devices to enter low-power modes more quickly when idle, reducing overall power consumption.
	13	+* Increased Power Output: Standard USB 3.0 ports can deliver more power to connected devices (up to 900mA compared to 500mA for USB 2.0), enabling faster charging for compatible devices and better support for power-hungry peripherals without needing an external power adapter.
	14	+* Backward Compatibility: USB 3.0 ports are designed to be backward compatible with USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 devices. When a slower device is connected to a USB 3.0 port, it will operate at the slower speed. Similarly, a USB 3.0 device connected to a USB 2.0 port will operate at USB 2.0 speeds.
	15	+* New Physical Connections: While maintaining compatibility with USB Type-A connectors (often colored blue to distinguish them), USB 3.0 introduced new connector types like USB 3.0 Micro-B for certain devices.

...	...	@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
	1	+
	2	+# USB-4.0-dat
	3	+
	4	+Here are the key advancements introduced with USB 4.0:
	5	+
	6	+- Increased Speed: Offers a maximum data transfer rate of up to 40 Gbps, matching Thunderbolt 3 speeds, by utilizing two lanes. Some configurations might operate at 20 Gbps.
	7	+- Thunderbolt 3 Convergence: USB 4.0 integrates the Thunderbolt 3 protocol, making USB 4.0 ports inherently compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices and cables (though manufacturers must implement and certify this).
	8	+- Dynamic Bandwidth Sharing: More efficiently shares bandwidth between data (USB 3.x) and display (DisplayPort) protocols running simultaneously over the same connection. It allocates bandwidth based on need, rather than fixed splitting.
	9	+- DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0: Can support DisplayPort 2.0 over the USB-C connector, enabling higher resolutions and refresh rates for external displays compared to previous versions.
	10	+- Mandatory USB Power Delivery (PD): All USB 4.0 implementations must support USB Power Delivery for more robust power negotiation and delivery.
	11	+- Backward Compatibility: Maintains backward compatibility with USB 3.2, USB 2.0, and (optionally, but commonly) Thunderbolt 3.
	12	+- Exclusive Use of USB Type-C: USB 4.0 is only available through the USB Type-C connector. - [[type-c-dat]]
	13	+
	14	+## ref
	15	+
	16	+- [[type-c-dat]]
...	...	\ No newline at end of file

...	...	@@ -1,24 +1,84 @@
1	1
2	2	# typec-dat
3	3
4		-USB Type-C涵盖了USB 3, USB4, Thunderbolt 3, Thunderbolt 4…等许多协议，而不同的产品应用也对应着不同的USB版本速率，如下表所示：
	4	+## history
	5	+
	6	+USB Type-C encompasses many protocols such as USB 3, USB4, Thunderbolt 3, Thunderbolt 4, etc. Different product applications correspond to different USB version speeds, as shown in the table below:
5	7
6	8	![](2024-05-09-12-51-12.png)
7	9
8		-虽然同样都是使用USB Type-C接口，但由于协议版本及速率的不同，想要达到最佳效能，在系统/装置/USB Type-C线缆匹配上必需具备一致性。而不同装置或是系统，所需的线缆也不尽相同。单单是速率，USB Type-C线缆就有以下的分别：
	10	+Although they all use the USB Type-C interface, due to differences in protocol versions and speeds, achieving optimal performance requires consistency in matching the system/device/USB Type-C cable. Different devices or systems also require different cables. Just considering speed, USB Type-C cables have the following distinctions:
9	11
10	12	![](2024-05-09-12-51-37.png)
11	13
12		-随着传输速率的提升，高速设备的供电量需求也越来越大，故USB Type-C势必得推出各种规格来对应。USB-IF在2021年所发布的USB PD 修订版 3.1 规范中便提出了 EPR供电 (Extended Power Range，扩充功率范围)需达到最大240W的供电来因应高供电量的需求。综合以上所述，线缆规格及版本速率的分类之多几乎令人眼花缭乱，不免也让消费者在购买时容易产生选择上的疑惑。
	14	+As transmission speeds increase, the power demand for high-speed devices also grows larger. Therefore, USB Type-C must introduce various specifications to cope. The USB PD Revision 3.1 specification released by USB-IF in 2021 proposed EPR (Extended Power Range) power supply, requiring a maximum of 240W to meet the demand for high power supply. In summary, the numerous classifications of cable specifications and version speeds are almost dazzling, inevitably causing confusion for consumers when making purchases.
13	15
14		-为了改善此情况，2022年3月USB-IF提出了线缆结合传输速率及支持电源能力的认证，也重新定义了线缆的规格。未来线缆不用再分版本，而是以「通用的速率及供电」来进行区分。
	16	+To improve this situation, in March 2022, USB-IF proposed certification combining cable transmission speed and supported power capability, and redefined cable specifications. In the future, cables will no longer be differentiated by version, but rather by "universal speed and power supply."
15	17
16	18	![](2024-05-09-12-52-02.png)
17	19
18	20
19		-
20		-
21		-# type-c-dat
	21	+## type-c pin definitions
	22	+
	23	+The USB Type-C connector has 24 pins. Here is the pinout for the receptacle:
	24	+
	25	+Top Row:
	26	+\| Pin \| Name \| Description \|
	27	+\| --- \| ------ \| ----------------------------------------------- \|
	28	+\| A1 \| GND \| Ground \|
	29	+\| A2 \| SSTXp1 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, TX, Positive \|
	30	+\| A3 \| SSTXn1 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, TX, Negative \|
	31	+\| A4 \| VBUS \| Bus Power \|
	32	+\| A5 \| CC1 \| Configuration Channel \|
	33	+\| A6 \| Dp1 \| USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 1, Positive \|
	34	+\| A7 \| Dn1 \| USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 1, Negative \|
	35	+\| A8 \| SBU1 \| Sideband Use (SBU) \|
	36	+\| A9 \| VBUS \| Bus Power \|
	37	+\| A10 \| SSRXn2 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, RX, Negative \|
	38	+\| A11 \| SSRXp2 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, RX, Positive \|
	39	+\| A12 \| GND \| Ground \|
	40	+
	41	+Bottom Row:
	42	+\| Pin \| Name \| Description \|
	43	+\| --- \| ------ \| ----------------------------------------------- \|
	44	+\| B12 \| GND \| Ground \|
	45	+\| B11 \| SSRXp1 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, RX, Positive \|
	46	+\| B10 \| SSRXn1 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #1, RX, Negative \|
	47	+\| B9 \| VBUS \| Bus Power \|
	48	+\| B8 \| SBU2 \| Sideband Use (SBU) \|
	49	+\| B7 \| Dn2 \| USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 2, Negative \|
	50	+\| B6 \| Dp2 \| USB 2.0 Differential Pair, Position 2, Positive \|
	51	+\| B5 \| CC2 \| Configuration Channel \|
	52	+\| B4 \| VBUS \| Bus Power \|
	53	+\| B3 \| SSTXn2 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, TX, Negative \|
	54	+\| B2 \| SSTXp2 \| SuperSpeed Differential Pair #2, TX, Positive \|
	55	+\| B1 \| GND \| Ground \|
	56	+
	57	+Key Points:
	58	+* Symmetry: The pinout is symmetrical, allowing the plug to be inserted either way up.
	59	+* USB 2.0: Only one set of D+/D- pins (either A6/A7 or B6/B7) is connected through the cable at any time.
	60	+* SuperSpeed: TX/RX pairs are used for high-speed data (USB 3.x, DisplayPort Alt Mode, Thunderbolt, etc.).
	61	+* CC Pins: Used for detecting connection, orientation, role (Host/Device/DRP), and managing Power Delivery (PD).
	62	+* SBU Pins: Used for Alternate Modes, such as DisplayPort or Audio Adapter Accessory Mode.
	63	+* VBUS/GND: Provide power and ground reference. Multiple pins are used to handle higher currents for Power Delivery.
	64	+
	65	+- [[DisplayPort-dat]] - [[Thunderbolt-dat]]
	66	+
	67	+## Conversion to USB 2.0
	68	+
	69	+- [[USB-2.0-dat]] - [[USB-3.0-dat]] - [[USB-4.0-dat]]
	70	+
	71	+- VBUS: Connect one or more Type-C VBUS pins (A4, A9, B4, B9) to the USB-A VBUS pin (Pin 1).
	72	+- GND: Connect one or more Type-C GND pins (A1, A12, B1, B12) to the USB-A GND pin (Pin 4).
	73	+- D+: Connect one of the Type-C D+ pins (A6 or B6) to the USB-A D+ pin (Pin 3).
	74	+- D-: Connect the corresponding Type-C D- pin (A7 or B7) to the USB-A D- pin (Pin 2).
	75	+- CC Pin: This is crucial for Type-C. For a simple adapter presenting a USB-A port, one of the CC pins (A5 or B5) on the Type-C plug needs a 5.1 kΩ pull-down resistor (Rd) connected to GND. This signals to the connected Type-C device that it's attached to a legacy USB downstream-facing port (like the one provided by the adapter).
	76	+
	77	+Note:
	78	+
	79	+- This only covers USB 2.0 functionality. Converting for USB 3.x SuperSpeed requires connecting the SSTX and SSRX pairs as well, which is more complex.
	80	+- Features like Power Delivery (PD) beyond basic 5V and Alternate Modes (like DisplayPort) are not supported through this simple conversion.
	81	+- Commercial adapters and cables handle this internal wiring. Building such an adapter requires careful attention to the USB specifications, especially regarding the CC pin configuration.
22	82
23	83
24	84	## wiring to CM4

...	...	@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
1	1
2	2	# usb-dat
3	3
4		-- [[USB-cable-dat]] - [[USB-ESD-dat]]
	4	+- [[USB-cable-dat]] - [[USB-ESD-dat]]
5	5
6	6	- libusb-win32
7	7	- https://zadig.akeo.ie/
8	8
	9	+## USB variations
	10	+
	11	+- [[USB2.0-dat]] - [[type-c-dat]]
9	12
10	13	## Devices
11	14

...	...	@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
1	1
2	2	# digital-dat
3	3
4		-- [[digital-video-dat]]
...	...	\ No newline at end of file
	0	+- [[digital-video-dat]]
	1	+
	2	+- [[USB-dat]] - [[HDMI-dat]]
	3	+
	4	+
	5	+## ref
	6	+
	7	+- [[analog-dat]]

...	...	@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1	1
2	2	# digital-video-dat
3	3
4		-- [[USB-camera-dat]]
	4	+- [[USB-camera-dat]] - [[USB-dat]] - [[digital-dat]] - [[HDMI-dat]]
5	5
6	6	## Digital Video Output Types
7	7