Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-15.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-15.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-46.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-46.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-40-30.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-40-30.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-41-04.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-41-04.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-05-08-18-00-49.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-05-08-18-00-49.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/solar-panel-dat/solar-panel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# solar-panel-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[OPS1009-dat]]
6
-
7
-
8
-## Common solar panel types
9
-
10
-There are 3 main types of solar panels available in the solar market today. They’re
11
-- monocrystalline,
12
-- polycrystalline and
13
-- thin-film solar panels.
14
-
15
-![](2024-01-16-18-40-30.png)
16
-
17
-![](2024-01-16-18-41-04.png)
18
-
19
-## Common Packaging Types
20
-
21
-Types of Commercial Solar Panels and their structures
22
-- PET Laminated Solar Panel
23
-- Epoxy Resin Laminated Solar panel
24
-- Standard Glass Laminated Solar panel
25
-- Frameless Glass Laminated Solar panel
26
-- Back-contact semi-flexible Solar panel
27
-- Thin film glass laminated Solar panel
28
-- Polycrystalline silicon solar cell
29
-
30
-## PET Laminated Solar panel
31
-
32
-![](2024-01-16-18-26-46.png)
33
-
34
-### MATERIALS
35
-
36
-PET (also known as Polyethylene terephalate) is a type of plastic which is commonly used for bottled water, takeaway containers and household products due to their material stability, wear resistant and non-toxic nature. It’s high transparency and good scratch resistant also makes it suitable as a protective layer above the solar cell. Solar cells used can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline.
37
-
38
-This allows good sunlight absorption while keeping the solar panel lightweight (compared to glass laminated solar panels)
39
-
40
-![](2024-01-16-18-26-15.png)
41
-
42
-### PROCESS:
43
-
44
-The PET laminated solar panel is made by placing layers of PET, EVA, solar cell and PCB together. They are then laminated by machine at a temperature of 135 degrees Celcius which will melt the encapsulating materials together to form a watertight bond.
45
-
46
-#### HIGHLIGHTS:
47
-
48
-High clarity
49
-UV resistant
50
-Humidity resistant
51
-Good scratch resistant
52
-Consistent textured surface
53
-Attractive appearance
54
-
55
-### APPLICATIONS:
56
-
57
-It is widely used on small plug-n-play outdoor solar LED lights, folding solar chargers, solar backpacks and other solar gadgets. It is usually used for low voltage and low power applications.
58
-
59
-LIFESPAN: 3 year +
60
-
61
-
62
-## Panel Wiring
63
-
64
-![](2025-05-08-18-00-49.png)
65
-
66
-Diodes in solar panels help prevent "hot-spots."
67
-
68
-Hot-spots are areas on the panel that can overheat and get damaged.
69
-
70
-This can happen when some solar cells are shaded or not working properly, causing a reverse flow of electricity and power loss.
71
-
72
-To prevent this, bypass diodes are used. These diodes allow the electricity to flow around the underperforming cells, protecting the panel. Typically, one bypass diode is used for every twenty solar cells.
73
-
74
-
75
-## ref
76
-
77
-- [[solar-panel]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
app-dat/inverter-dat/2025-06-15-01-57-17.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/app-dat/inverter-dat/2025-06-15-01-57-17.png differ
app-dat/inverter-dat/inverter-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
1
+
2
+# inverter-dat
3
+
4
+how to select a suitable inverter
5
+
6
+
7
+
8
+## 4. Inverters
9
+
10
+The inverter converts the DC electricity stored in the batteries into AC electricity for your appliances.
11
+
12
+### Functions:
13
+
14
+* Converts DC to AC power.
15
+* Can offer system monitoring and protection.
16
+
17
+### Key Considerations:
18
+
19
+* **Efficiency:** Choose high-efficiency inverters **(preferably >93%)** to maximize power supply.
20
+* **Type:** Pure sine wave inverters are recommended to avoid damaging sensitive electronic appliances.
21
+* **Voltage:** Must match the battery bank voltage (e.g., a 12V battery requires a 12V inverter).
22
+* **Capacity (Watts):**
23
+ * **Continuous Power:** The power the inverter can supply continuously.
24
+ * **Peak Power:** The maximum power the inverter can supply for a short period. If your appliances total 1kW, you might need an inverter with a peak power of over 2kW, as some manufacturers label with peak power. For continuous loads, ensure the inverter's continuous rating is sufficient.
25
+
26
+
27
+![](2025-06-15-01-57-17.png)
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+## ref
32
+
33
+- [[power-storage-dat]]
app-dat/power-storage-dat/2025-06-15-01-48-46.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/app-dat/power-storage-dat/2025-06-15-01-48-46.png differ
app-dat/power-storage-dat/2025-06-15-01-59-07.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/app-dat/power-storage-dat/2025-06-15-01-59-07.png differ
app-dat/power-storage-dat/power-storage-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,3 +1,93 @@
1 1
2 2
# power-storage-dat
3 3
4
+- [[solar-panel-dat]] - [[solar-charge-controller-dat]] - [[battery-dat]] ( [[lead-acid-battery-dat]] )- [[inverter-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+## Building Your Own Solar Power System: A DIY Guide
8
+
9
+Power outages, especially during peak consumption periods, can be a significant inconvenience. A personal solar power system offers a reliable backup and a step towards energy independence. This guide will walk you through the components, design considerations, and assembly of a DIY solar power system.
10
+
11
+
12
+
13
+### Understanding the Core Components
14
+
15
+A basic solar power system comprises four main components:
16
+
17
+1. **Solar Panels:** Convert sunlight into electrical energy (DC power).
18
+2. **Battery:** Stores the energy generated by the solar panels.
19
+3. **Solar Charge Controller:** Regulates the power from the solar panels to the battery, preventing overcharging and over-discharging.
20
+4. **Inverter:** Converts the DC power from the battery into AC power, suitable for household appliances.
21
+
22
+
23
+![](2025-06-15-01-48-46.png)
24
+
25
+
26
+### System Design and Sizing: A Practical Example
27
+
28
+Let's design a system capable of supplying 500 Watts per hour, intended as a backup for temporary power outages (e.g., to keep a refrigerator running for 3-4 hours).
29
+
30
+* **Energy Demand:** A refrigerator consuming ~200W/hour needs 800Wh for 4 hours.
31
+* **Battery Sizing:**
32
+ * A 12V 100Ah battery provides 12V * 100Ah = 1200Wh. This is sufficient for the 800Wh demand.
33
+* **Inverter Sizing:**
34
+ * Continuous power required: >500W.
35
+ * Instantaneous peak power: >1kW (or choose based on continuous power needs if clearly specified).
36
+* **Solar Panel Sizing (to charge a 100Ah battery):**
37
+ * Assume a 12V 100W solar panel generates ~6A per hour.
38
+ * With an average of 4 hours of sunshine per day, one panel generates 6A * 4h = 24Ah per day.
39
+ * Two such panels in parallel would generate 48Ah per day.
40
+ * This means a 100Ah battery could be fully charged in approximately two days (100Ah / 48Ah/day ≈ 2 days).
41
+ * *Alternative Charging:* For faster charging or during cloudy weather, a 12V AC charger (e.g., >10A) can be used to charge the battery from mains electricity.
42
+* **Controller Sizing:**
43
+ * A 100W 12V solar panel has a maximum current of about 7A (100W / 12V ≈ 8.33A, but often rated lower for charging). If using two panels, the total current would be around 14A.
44
+ * A 20A MPPT controller would suffice.
45
+ * For scalability, consider a 40A or 50A controller.
46
+
47
+
48
+
49
+
50
+### Connecting Your Solar Power System
51
+
52
+**Important:** Ensure correct polarity at all times. Misconnections can damage components.
53
+
54
+1. **Battery to Controller:** Connect the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of the battery to the corresponding battery terminals on the solar charge controller.
55
+2. **Solar Panel(s) to Controller:** Connect the positive (+) and negative (-) leads from the solar panel(s) to the corresponding solar panel input terminals on the controller.
56
+3. **Inverter to Battery:** Connect the positive (+) and negative (-) input terminals of the inverter to the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of the battery respectively.
57
+
58
+
59
+
60
+
61
+### Maintenance for Longevity
62
+
63
+Regular maintenance ensures your system operates efficiently and lasts longer.
64
+
65
+* **Solar Panels:**
66
+ * Regularly clean the surface to remove dust, bird droppings, leaves, etc., using a soft brush or water. Avoid corrosive cleaners or scratching the surface.
67
+ * Check the stability of mounting structures and ensure bolted joints are secure and not corroded.
68
+ * Ensure panels are not shaded by plants or buildings.
69
+* **Controller and Inverter:**
70
+ * Periodically check their operation and any display data.
71
+ * Ensure vents are not blocked to maintain good heat dissipation.
72
+ * Clean the exterior to prevent dust accumulation.
73
+* **Cables and Connectors:**
74
+ * Regularly check for loose connections, corrosion, or damage.
75
+* **Battery:**
76
+ * Monitor its status. Avoid over-discharge or leaving it in a low battery state for extended periods.
77
+ * Check terminals for leakage, expansion, or corrosion.
78
+ * Ensure the battery is installed in a well-ventilated area to avoid overheating.
79
+
80
+![](2025-06-15-01-59-07.png)
81
+
82
+
83
+### Conclusion
84
+
85
+Building your own solar power system can be a rewarding project, providing energy independence and a reliable power backup. With careful planning and attention to detail, you can create a system tailored to your needs.
86
+
87
+If you have any questions or ideas, feel free to discuss them!
88
+
89
+
90
+
91
+## ref
92
+
93
+- [[power-storage]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
power-dat/battery-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat/Lead-acid-battery-dat/2025-06-15-01-53-06.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/battery-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat/Lead-acid-battery-dat/2025-06-15-01-53-06.png differ
power-dat/battery-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat/Lead-acid-battery-dat/Lead-acid-battery-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,6 +1,26 @@
1 1
2 2
# Lead-acid-battery-dat
3 3
4
+
5
+
6
+Batteries store the energy produced by your solar panels for later use.
7
+
8
+## Types:
9
+
10
+### General Lead-Acid Batteries:
11
+
12
+Common in automotive applications. They are relatively inexpensive and the technology is mature. However, they are heavy, have a shorter lifespan (approx. 3 years), require maintenance, and are not suitable for frequent deep discharge (recommended depth of discharge is ~20%).
13
+
14
+### Deep Cycle Lead-Acid Batteries:
15
+
16
+Designed for deep discharge (up to 80% or more) without significantly affecting lifespan. They have thicker plates and durable materials, making them well-suited for solar power systems, electric vehicles, and campers requiring continuous, stable power.
17
+
18
+
19
+**Capacity:** Measured in Amp-hours (Ah). A 12V 100Ah battery stores 12V * 100Ah = 1200 Watt-hours (Wh) of energy.
20
+
21
+![](2025-06-15-01-53-06.png)
22
+
23
+
4 24
## lead-acid-battery-dat
5 25
6 26
- LAB: Lead-Acid Battery
... ...
@@ -75,6 +95,11 @@ This calculation estimates how long the ANJING 12V 2.6Ah battery can power a 5V
75 95
76 96
The **ideal calculated runtime is approximately 5.3 hours**. However, due to the higher discharge current (0.49A vs. the 0.13A rating), the actual runtime will be **noticeably less than 5.3 hours**. The exact reduction depends on the specific Peukert exponent of this battery model, which is not provided.
77 97
98
+
99
+## app
100
+
101
+- [[power-storage-dat]]
102
+
78 103
## ref
79 104
80 105
- [[Lead-acid-battery]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-charge-controller-dat/2025-06-15-01-54-36.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-charge-controller-dat/2025-06-15-01-54-36.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-charge-controller-dat/solar-charge-controller-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
1
+
2
+# solar-charge-controller-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+#### 3. Solar Charge Controllers
6
+
7
+The controller manages the charging process from the solar panel to the battery.
8
+
9
+## Functions:
10
+
11
+* Prevents battery overcharging and over-discharging.
12
+* Provides reverse connection protection.
13
+* Ensures safe and efficient system operation.
14
+* Some offer USB charging ports.
15
+
16
+![](2025-06-15-01-54-36.png)
17
+
18
+## Charge Types:
19
+
20
+* **PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Controller:** Uses pulse width modulation to adjust charging voltage and current. Advantages include lower price and mature technology. Disadvantages include lower efficiency when lighting conditions vary greatly or when the battery is near full charge.
21
+
22
+* **MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) Controller:** Adjusts the solar panel's working voltage in real-time to maintain maximum power output, improving charging efficiency, especially with varying light conditions and over a wider voltage range. They are generally more expensive, but prices have become more accessible.
23
+
24
+- [[MPPT-dat]]
25
+
26
+## Selection Criteria:
27
+
28
+* **Voltage:** Match the system voltage (12V, 24V, 48V).
29
+* **Maximum Output Current:** Ensure it can handle the system's maximum input power (e.g., 10A, 20A, 50A).
30
+* **Charging Mode:** Choose between PWM or MPPT.
31
+* **Display:** A display for monitoring battery voltage, charging current, status, and total charge is beneficial.
32
+* **Scalability:** Consider future system expansion.
33
+
34
+
35
+
36
+
37
+
38
+
39
+## app
40
+
41
+- [[power-storage-dat]]
42
+
43
+## ref
44
+
45
+- [[solar-power-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-15.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-15.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-46.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-26-46.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-40-30.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-40-30.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-41-04.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2024-01-16-18-41-04.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-05-08-18-00-49.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-05-08-18-00-49.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-06-15-01-49-33.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/2025-06-15-01-49-33.png differ
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-panel-dat/solar-panel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
1
+
2
+# solar-panel-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[OPS1009-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+
9
+#### 1. Solar Panels
10
+
11
+Solar panels are the heart of your system, capturing sunlight to generate electricity.
12
+
13
+
14
+| Feature | Monocrystalline Silicon Panels | Polycrystalline Silicon Panels | Thin-Film Solar Panels |
15
+| :------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ |
16
+| **Material** | High-purity single crystalline silicon | Multiple silicon crystals | Often non-silicon materials |
17
+| **Appearance** | Uniform dark appearance | Uneven surface color | Varies, can be flexible |
18
+| **Conversion Efficiency** | High (often >25%) | Moderate (~15%) | Moderate (~15%) |
19
+| **Manufacturing Cost** | Relatively high | Lower | Varies, can be cost-effective for specific uses |
20
+| **Key Characteristics** | Highest efficiency, market mainstream | Lower cost, being phased out | Thin, flexible, lightweight |
21
+| **Common Uses** | Residential, commercial, high-performance needs | Older systems, budget-conscious applications | Windows, mobile power, campers, portable chargers |
22
+
23
+
24
+![](2025-06-15-01-49-33.png)
25
+
26
+* **Types:**
27
+ * **Monocrystalline Silicon Panels:** Made from high-purity single crystalline silicon, offering high conversion efficiency (often >25%) and a uniform dark appearance. They are currently a market mainstream, though manufacturing costs can be higher. (See more at [[solar-panel-dat]] )
28
+ * **Polycrystalline Silicon Panels:** Made from multiple silicon crystals. They have a less uniform surface color and a slightly lower conversion efficiency (around 15%) but are generally less expensive. An example is the R3 polycrystalline silicon solar panel ( [[OPS1009-DAT]] ).
29
+ * **Thin-Film Solar Panels:** Often made from non-silicon materials, with conversion efficiency around 15%. They are significantly thinner, flexible, and suitable for applications like windows, mobile power supplies, and camper exteriors.
30
+* **Packaging:** Common packaging types include PET Laminated and Epoxy Resin Laminated panels. PET lamination offers good sunlight absorption while being lightweight, suitable for outdoor solar gadgets. Epoxy covered boards offer great stiffness and are good for outdoor environments. (Details at [[solar-panel-dat]] and [[OPS1009-DAT]] ).
31
+* **Voltage:** Common specifications are 12V and 24V.
32
+ * For systems generating < 1 kWh, 12V panels are recommended.
33
+ * For systems generating > 2 kWh, 24V panels are recommended.
34
+* **Wattage (W):** Indicates the panel's power output. Common sizes include 50W, 100W, 200W, and 300W. A 12V 100W panel can generate about 5-6 amps per hour.
35
+* **Diodes:** Bypass diodes are used in solar panels to prevent "hot-spots" caused by shaded or underperforming cells, allowing electricity to flow around them and protecting the panel. Direction protection diodes can also be used in the power supply. (See [[solar-panel-dat]]) and [[solar-power-dat]] ).
36
+
37
+
38
+
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+## Common solar panel types
43
+
44
+There are 3 main types of solar panels available in the solar market today. They’re
45
+- monocrystalline,
46
+- polycrystalline and
47
+- thin-film solar panels.
48
+
49
+![](2024-01-16-18-40-30.png)
50
+
51
+![](2024-01-16-18-41-04.png)
52
+
53
+## Common Packaging Types
54
+
55
+Types of Commercial Solar Panels and their structures
56
+- PET Laminated Solar Panel
57
+- Epoxy Resin Laminated Solar panel
58
+- Standard Glass Laminated Solar panel
59
+- Frameless Glass Laminated Solar panel
60
+- Back-contact semi-flexible Solar panel
61
+- Thin film glass laminated Solar panel
62
+- Polycrystalline silicon solar cell
63
+
64
+## PET Laminated Solar panel
65
+
66
+![](2024-01-16-18-26-46.png)
67
+
68
+### MATERIALS
69
+
70
+PET (also known as Polyethylene terephalate) is a type of plastic which is commonly used for bottled water, takeaway containers and household products due to their material stability, wear resistant and non-toxic nature. It’s high transparency and good scratch resistant also makes it suitable as a protective layer above the solar cell. Solar cells used can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline.
71
+
72
+This allows good sunlight absorption while keeping the solar panel lightweight (compared to glass laminated solar panels)
73
+
74
+![](2024-01-16-18-26-15.png)
75
+
76
+### PROCESS:
77
+
78
+The PET laminated solar panel is made by placing layers of PET, EVA, solar cell and PCB together. They are then laminated by machine at a temperature of 135 degrees Celcius which will melt the encapsulating materials together to form a watertight bond.
79
+
80
+#### HIGHLIGHTS:
81
+
82
+High clarity
83
+UV resistant
84
+Humidity resistant
85
+Good scratch resistant
86
+Consistent textured surface
87
+Attractive appearance
88
+
89
+### APPLICATIONS:
90
+
91
+It is widely used on small plug-n-play outdoor solar LED lights, folding solar chargers, solar backpacks and other solar gadgets. It is usually used for low voltage and low power applications.
92
+
93
+LIFESPAN: 3 year +
94
+
95
+
96
+## Panel Wiring
97
+
98
+![](2025-05-08-18-00-49.png)
99
+
100
+Diodes in solar panels help prevent "hot-spots."
101
+
102
+Hot-spots are areas on the panel that can overheat and get damaged.
103
+
104
+This can happen when some solar cells are shaded or not working properly, causing a reverse flow of electricity and power loss.
105
+
106
+To prevent this, bypass diodes are used. These diodes allow the electricity to flow around the underperforming cells, protecting the panel. Typically, one bypass diode is used for every twenty solar cells.
107
+
108
+
109
+## ref
110
+
111
+- [[solar-panel]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
power-dat/solar-power-dat/solar-power-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
1 1
2 2
# solar-power-dat
3 3
4
+app - [[power-storage-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+
4 8
## direction protection diodes
5 9
6 10
- direction protection diodes for [[solar-panel-dat]] power supply