mechanics-dat/Lead-screw-dat/2025-06-06-19-25-24.png
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1
-
2
-# Lead-screw-dat
3
-
4
-lead screws are mechanical devices used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. They consist of a threaded rod (the lead screw) and a nut that moves along the threads when the screw is turned.
5
-
6
-![](2025-06-06-19-25-24.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/Linear-Rail-dat/2025-02-19-14-25-59.png
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1
-
2
-# Linear-Rail-dat
3
-
4
-## MGN12H_600mm
5
-
6
-- length = 600m
7
-
8
-W = dimension of the block = 27
9
-Wr = dimesnion of the rail = 12
10
-
11
-![](2025-02-19-14-25-59.png)
12
-
13
-![](2025-03-11-17-18-47.png)
14
-
15
-导轨端距有要求吗 == 默认均分
16
-
17
-## installation
18
-
19
-![](2025-03-14-20-09-18.png)
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
-## ref
24
-
25
-- [[pixieplacer-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/Nut-dat/Nut-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# Nut-dat
3
-
4
-- 螺母
5
-
6
-## ref
7
-
8
-- [[nut]] - [[screws]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/Nut-dat/T-nut-dat/2025-02-26-19-02-24.png
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mechanics-dat/Nut-dat/T-nut-dat/T-nut-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# T-nut-dat
3
-
4
-## specs
5
-
6
-20 - M5 - 10 - 6 == for groove width 6.2 mm 2020 [[Alu-Extrusion-dat]]
7
-
8
-![](2025-03-13-17-28-08.png)
9
-
10
-40 - M5 - 19.5 - 8 == for groove width 8.2 mm 4040 [[Alu-Extrusion-dat]]
11
-
12
-![](2025-03-13-17-29-21.png)
13
-
14
-![](2025-03-13-17-57-06.png)
15
-
16
-### T-nuts
17
-
18
-single rail
19
-
20
-![](2025-02-26-19-02-24.png)
21
-
22
-![](2025-02-26-19-03-07.png)
23
-
24
-
25
-large locker with ribs
26
-
27
-![](2025-02-26-19-27-32.png)
28
-
29
-EU 30M4T == 304 == M4
30
-
31
-![](2025-02-27-17-46-09.png)
32
-
33
-EU 40M5
34
-![](2025-03-11-16-34-04.png)
35
-
36
-
37
-dual rail
38
-
39
-#### Locking Effect Explained:
40
-
41
-Tightening the Screw:
42
-
43
-As you tighten the screw into the T-nut, the screw's threads engage with the internal threads of the T-nut.
44
-When the screw is turned, it applies a force that presses the T-nut tightly against the sides of the aluminum extrusion's groove.
45
-
46
-Increased Friction:
47
-
48
-The horizontal part of the T-nut, the "T" portion, makes contact with the two sides of the groove. This creates a large contact area between the T-nut and the extrusion.
49
-As the screw continues to tighten, the pressure between the T-nut and the groove increases, resulting in higher friction. The friction prevents the T-nut from moving within the groove.
50
-
51
-Stability:
52
-
53
-The tightening force from the screw effectively locks the T-nut into place. The T-nut's "T" shape, combined with the increased pressure, causes it to grip tightly inside the extrusion, which prevents it from shifting or loosening.
54
-This means that once the screw is fully tightened, the T-nut is securely fixed within the extrusion, providing a stable and non-moving connection.
55
-
56
-Prevention of Movement:
57
-
58
-The combination of friction and compression ensures that the T-nut will not slide or move within the extrusion slot. It becomes firmly anchored, even under load, ensuring the connection stays intact over time.
59
-In summary, the locking effect is the result of the screw creating a compressive force that increases friction between the T-nut and the aluminum extrusion groove, securing the T-nut in place and preventing it from shifting. This guarantees a strong, stable, and secure connection.
60
-
61
-### Hex Head (Hexagonal Head):
62
-
63
-- [[screws-dat]]
64
-
65
-Description: A hexagonal-shaped head that requires a wrench or a socket driver for tightening.
66
-
67
-Why it's preferred: The hex head provides a large surface area for torque, allowing you to apply more force to tighten the screw securely. This helps achieve a stronger locking effect for the T-nut.
68
-
69
-Application: Suitable for heavy-duty applications where a high level of torque and secure fastening is required.
70
-
71
-
72
-
73
-
74
-
75
-## ref
76
-
77
-- [[T-nut]]
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\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/Pneumatic-cylinder-dat/2025-06-06-19-10-59.png
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1
-
2
-# Pneumatic-cylinder-dat
3
-
4
-![](2025-06-06-19-10-59.png)
5
-
mechanics-dat/bearing-dat/2025-04-18-15-37-24.png
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mechanics-dat/bearing-dat/Flanged-bearing-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# Flanged-bearing-dat.md
3
-
4
-如 LMK、LMEK、LMF、LMEF、LMH 等系列，它们有法兰盘，易于安装。
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/bearing-dat/bearing-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# bearing-dat
3
-
4
-## linear bearing
5
-
6
-![](2025-07-03-16-41-47.png)
7
-
8
-
9
-## bearing wtih vertical stand
10
-
11
-![](2025-07-03-17-03-47.png)
12
-
13
-
14
-## 608_Bearing
15
-
16
-Here's what "608" means:
17
-
18
-- 6 – The bearing type (6 = single row deep groove ball bearing)
19
-- 0 – The bearing series, indicating the robustness (0 = light duty)
20
-- 8 – The bore size, which is 8mm
21
-
22
-Basic Dimensions of a 608 bearing:
23
-
24
-- Inner diameter (bore): 8 mm
25
-- Outer diameter: 22 mm
26
-- Width (thickness): 7 mm
27
-
28
-## block the bearing
29
-
30
-![](2025-04-18-15-37-24.png)
31
-
32
-by M3 screws
33
-
34
-
35
-## What is a Bearing?
36
-
37
-A **bearing** is a mechanical component that **reduces friction** between moving parts and supports rotational or linear motion. Bearings are commonly used in machines, vehicles, and industrial equipment to enhance efficiency and durability.
38
-
39
----
40
-
41
-### Types of Bearings
42
-
43
-#### 1. Rolling Element Bearings (Most Common)
44
-These use balls or rollers to reduce friction.
45
-
46
-- **Ball Bearings** 🏀
47
- - Use small balls between inner and outer rings.
48
- - Suitable for high-speed applications.
49
- - **Example:** Used in **electric motors, bicycles, fans**.
50
-
51
-- **Roller Bearings** 🎢
52
- - Use cylindrical, tapered, or spherical rollers instead of balls.
53
- - Handle higher loads than ball bearings.
54
- - **Example:** Found in **conveyor belts, gearboxes, heavy machinery**.
55
-
56
-#### 2. Plain Bearings (Bushings)
57
-- Do not have rolling elements, relying on smooth surfaces and lubrication.
58
-- **Example:** **Hinges, automotive suspension systems**.
59
-
60
-#### 3. Magnetic Bearings 🧲
61
-- Use **magnetic fields** to support a rotating shaft without physical contact.
62
-- **Example:** **High-speed turbines, advanced aerospace applications**.
63
-
64
-#### 4. Fluid Bearings 💧
65
-- Use **oil or gas film** to eliminate direct contact between surfaces.
66
-- **Example:** **Hard drives, turbochargers**.
67
-
68
----
69
-
70
-### Key Functions of Bearings
71
-✅ **Reduce Friction** → Increases efficiency
72
-✅ **Support Loads** → Radial (sideways) & axial (thrust) loads
73
-✅ **Improve Precision** → Smooth motion & alignment
74
-✅ **Enhance Durability** → Reduces wear on components
mechanics-dat/bracket-dat/bracket-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# bracket-dat
3
-
4
-## Angle bracket / Corner bracket / L-bracket / Angle iron
5
-
mechanics-dat/chassis-dat/chassis-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# chassis-dat.md
3
-
4
-- [[sheet-dat]] - [[cad-dat]]
5
-
6
-- [[suspension-dat]] - [[suspension]]
7
-
8
-- [[wheel-dat]]
9
-
10
-- [[motor-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/2025-11-27-15-37-08.png
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mechanics-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/2025-11-27-17-21-11.png
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mechanics-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/suspension-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# suspension-dat
3
-
4
-- [[bogie-dat]]
5
-
6
-## stroller classic suspension
7
-
8
-![](2025-11-27-17-20-43.png)
9
-
10
-![](2025-11-27-17-21-11.png)
11
-
12
-![](2025-11-27-15-37-08.png)
13
-
14
-![](2025-11-27-15-37-25.png)
15
-
16
-![](2025-11-27-15-39-55.png)
17
-
18
-## suspension with break
19
-
20
-![](2025-11-27-15-39-04.png)
21
-
22
-
23
-## suspension with rotation support
24
-
25
-![](2025-11-27-15-42-51.png)
26
-
27
-
28
-## rotating system
29
-
30
-![](2025-11-27-15-41-15.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/copper-spacer-dat/copper-spacer-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# copper-spacer-dat
3
-
mechanics-dat/drill-bit-dat/2025-11-26-16-49-54.png
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mechanics-dat/drill-bit-dat/drill-bit-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# drill-bit-dat
3
-
4
-木工尖头钻 - [[Brad-point-drill-bit-dat]]
5
-
6
-塑料专用钻 - Plastic drill bit
7
-
8
-阶梯钻最佳 - Step drill bit
9
-
10
-Twist drill bit
11
-
12
-- [[drill-bit]] -[[mechanics]]
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-## targeted materials
17
-
18
-- [[glass-dat]] - [[marble-dat]]
19
-
20
-- [[ceramic-tile-dat]] - [[Concrete-dat]]
21
-
22
-- [[plastic-dat]]
23
-
24
-- [[wood-dat]]
25
-
26
-- [[metal-dat]]
27
-
28
-- [[stone-dat]]
29
-
30
-
31
-### Drill Bits: Ceramic Tile vs Glass
32
-
33
-No — the drill bits for **ceramic tile** and **glass** are **not exactly the same**, though they are similar in some ways. Here’s the comparison:
34
-
35
-| Material | Recommended Drill Bit | Notes |
36
-| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
37
-| **Ceramic Tile** | Carbide-tipped or diamond-tipped tile bit | Usually has a spear-shaped or pointed tip to pierce the glazed surface without cracking. Works best on glazed surfaces; slower speed, light pressure. |
38
-| **Glass** | Diamond-tipped or specialized glass/ceramic bit | Often conical or pointed, designed for brittle materials. Must drill at low speed, with water or lubrication, and ideally from both sides. |
39
-
40
-## Key Differences
41
-
42
-1. **Tip shape**:
43
- - Tile bits often have a **spear point** (good for glazed tiles)
44
- - Glass bits have a **small conical/diamond tip** to reduce chipping
45
-
46
-2. **Brittleness**:
47
- - Glass is more prone to cracking, so drilling requires more care, water/lubrication, and two-sided drilling.
48
- - Tile can usually handle light drilling from one side.
49
-
50
-3. **Speed and pressure**:
51
- - Both need low speed and light pressure, but glass is **far less forgiving** than tile.
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-### glass
57
-
58
-- [[glass-dat]]
59
-
60
-## ✅ Recommended Drill Bits
61
-
62
-| Type | Use | Features |
63
-| ---------------------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------- |
64
-| Glass/Ceramic bit (diamond-coated) | Drilling | Conical tip for brittle materials |
65
-| HSS glass-specific bit | Small holes | Low speed, use with cooling |
66
-| Diamond conical bit | Precision holes | Best for thick or hard glass |
67
-
68
-
69
-- 玻璃/瓷砖钻头（金刚石涂层） - 金刚石锥钻头 - HSS 玻璃专用钻头
70
-
71
-
72
-## purpose
73
-
74
-### polishing
75
-
76
-![](2025-11-26-16-49-54.png)
77
-
78
-
79
-## ref
80
-
81
-- [[mechanics-dat]]
82
-
83
-
mechanics-dat/flange-dat/2025-06-07-13-12-02.png
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mechanics-dat/flange-dat/flange-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# flange-dat.md
3
-
4
-A flange is a protruding rim, lip, or ridge used for various purposes, including fixing, strengthening, guiding, or connecting. It can be a flat surface sticking out from an object, or a decorative edge on clothing.
5
-
6
-![](2025-06-07-13-12-02.png)
7
-
8
-
9
-## shaft coupling flange set == set-screw flange
10
-
11
-The image shows a shaft coupling flange set, typically used to connect a motor shaft to a wheel, gear, or other rotating component. The screw part in this flange assembly refers to the grub screws (set screws) shown next to the hex key (Allen wrench).
12
-
13
-Breakdown of the parts:
14
-
15
-**Grub screws (set screws):**
16
-These are the small black screws included in the image. They are inserted into the threaded side holes of the flange (visible on the cylindrical hub) to secure the shaft in place.
17
-
18
-Function:
19
-
20
-Once the shaft is inserted into the flange's central hole, the grub screws are tightened using the included hex key to clamp the shaft securely, preventing it from slipping.
21
-
22
-These components are commonly used in RC cars, robotics, CNC machines, and 3D printers for coupling motors to shafts or wheels.
23
-
24
-
25
-![](2025-06-07-13-14-07.png)
26
-
27
-### set-screw flange for 100KG motor
28
-
29
-NO, a basic set-screw flange on an 8mm shaft is not recommended to handle 100 kg load especially under torque or dynamic conditions.
30
-
31
-Consider:
32
-
33
-- A larger diameter shaft (12–16mm)
34
-- Clamping flanges
35
-- Keyed shafts
36
-- Stronger materials
37
-- Proper bearing support
38
-
39
-## Clamping Flange
40
-
41
-![](2025-06-07-13-18-26.png)
42
-
43
-![](2025-06-07-13-24-46.png)
44
-
45
-
46
-![](2025-06-07-13-22-14.png)
47
-
48
-## keyed flange
49
-
50
-## Options selection
51
-
52
-If possible, use a clamping flange — it’s safer, more secure, and better for D-shafts and higher loads.
53
-
54
-If you already have a set screw flange (like in your image), it can work, especially on a D-shaft, but be extra careful with alignment and torque.
55
-
56
-## ref
57
-
58
--[[motor-shaft]]
59
-
60
-- [[flange]] - [[mechanics]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/heatsink-dat/heatsink-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# heatsink-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
6
-
7
-- [[PMP1013-dat]] - [[PMP1008-dat]]
8
-
9
-- [[PMP1010-dat]] == 11 x 11 mm
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-- Prototype, Mechical Parts, Heat Sink
14
-
15
-Application: Router Heat Sink, CPU Heat Sink
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-
20
-- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
21
-
22
-## ref
23
-
24
-- [[mechanics-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/magnet-dat/magnet-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# magnet-dat
3
-
4
-## ref
5
-
6
-- [[magnet]]
... ...
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mechanics-dat/materials-dat/glass-dat/glass-dat.md
... ...
@@ -2,31 +2,103 @@
2 2
# glass-dat
3 3
4 4
5
+## Float High-Definition Glass
5 6
7
+**Difference from Ordinary Glass**: Compared to ordinary glass, float high-definition glass requires higher purity of raw materials and stricter process control during production. The final product has significantly improved visual effects and physical properties.
6 8
7
-## 浮法高清玻璃
9
+**Safety**: Although float glass itself is relatively strong, it is often further treated with tempering or lamination to enhance safety. Tempered glass shatters into small, less harmful pieces, while laminated glass does not scatter even when broken.
8 10
9
-**与普通玻璃的区别**：与普通玻璃相比，浮法高清玻璃在生产过程中对原料纯度和工艺控制有更高的要求，最终产品在视觉效果和物理性能上都有显著提升。
11
+"Float high-definition glass" usually refers to ordinary annealed float glass.
10 12
11
-**安全性**：虽然浮法玻璃本身强度较高，但为了进一步提高安全性，常常会进行钢化或夹层处理。钢化玻璃破碎后呈小颗粒状，不易伤人，而夹层玻璃即使破碎也不会完全散开。
13
+Annealed float glass is a brittle material: any scratches, edge processing, adhesive joints, or microcracks can greatly reduce its load-bearing capacity. Compared to curved (cylindrical/spherical) structures, flat panels are more prone to bending and forming tensile stress, and ultimately, breakage often occurs suddenly without obvious plastic deformation.
12 14
13
-“浮法高清玻璃”通常就是普通的退火浮法玻璃（annealed float glass）
15
+---
14 16
15
-退火浮法玻璃是脆性材料：任何刻痕、边缘加工、粘接接头或微裂纹都会极大降低承载能力。与弧形（圆筒/球面）结构比，平板更容易弯曲并形成拉应力，最终裂开往往是突发且无明显塑性变形的。
17
+## Drilling
16 18
19
+**Required Tools**
17 20
21
+- Diamond hollow drill bit (10 mm)
22
+- Electric drill (preferably variable speed, do not use hammer mode)
23
+- A wooden board (prepared)
24
+- Water (continuous cooling)
25
+- Clamps / tape (to fix the glass)
26
+- Rubber ring or small dam (to keep a water pool)
18 27
19
-## drilling
28
+**✅ Step-by-Step Guide**
20 29
30
+1) **Fix the Glass to Prevent Vibration**
21 31
22
-## cutter
32
+Vibration is the main cause of glass breakage.
23 33
34
+- Place the glass on a wooden board.
35
+- Tape the four corners and edges with clear tape.
36
+- Ideally, use two clamps to gently secure it (do not overtighten).
24 37
38
+2) **Drill at Low Speed (Critical Step)**
25 39
40
+- Drill speed: 300–800 rpm (the slower, the better).
41
+- Never use high speed or hammer mode.
26 42
43
+Reason: High speed causes instant heating → thermal expansion and contraction → immediate shattering.
27 44
28
-## ref
45
+3) **Start Drilling with the "Angled Scoring Method"**
29 46
30
-- [[materials-dat]]
47
+This prevents the drill bit from wandering and chipping the edge.
48
+
49
+- Begin with the drill bit tilted at 15–20°.
50
+- Gently grind a small semicircular groove.
51
+- Once the groove is formed, slowly straighten the drill bit.
52
+
53
+This step greatly increases the success rate.
54
+
55
+4) **Keep Water Cooling Throughout (Essential)**
56
+
57
+The drill bit and drilling area must always be covered with water.
58
+
59
+You can use:
60
+
61
+- Clear tape + a ring of clay/plastic to make a "small pool"
62
+- Or have someone continuously spray water
63
+
64
+Water cooling reduces the risk of breakage by over 70%.
65
+
66
+5) **Grind Down Slowly, Do Not Apply Force**
67
+
68
+Drilling glass relies on "grinding," not "pressing."
69
+
70
+- Keep hand pressure to a minimum.
71
+- Let the drill bit grind down slowly on its own.
72
+- Pause every few seconds.
73
+
74
+6) **Be Extra Gentle Near Breakthrough**
31 75
76
+The last 1/4 of the thickness is most prone to shattering.
77
+
78
+Method:
79
+
80
+- Be extremely gentle towards the end.
81
+- The wooden board should be tight against the glass.
82
+- It's best to tape the back of the glass.
83
+
84
+This helps prevent chipping.
85
+
86
+**🧪 Tips for Success**
87
+
88
+- Use a hollow drill bit (ten times better than a solid one).
89
+- Use the lowest speed on the drill.
90
+- Never dry grind, and don't rush.
91
+- If it's tempered glass → no method can drill it (it will shatter completely).
92
+
93
+---
94
+
95
+## Cutter
96
+
97
+*(No content yet)*
98
+
99
+---
100
+
101
+## References
102
+
103
+- [[materials-dat]]
32 104
- [[glass]] - [[materials]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/materials-dat/glass-dat/glass-temper-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
1
+
2
+## glass-temper-dat.md
3
+
4
+## How to Temper (Toughen) Glass — Clear & Safe Explanation
5
+
6
+Tempering glass **cannot be done at home** because real tempered glass requires
7
+industrial equipment.
8
+Below is a **safe, clear, educational explanation** of how it works and
9
+what alternatives *you actually can do* at home.
10
+
11
+---
12
+
13
+## ✅ 1. How Tempered Glass Is Made (Industrial Process)
14
+
15
+#### **Step 1 — Cut & Drill Before Tempering**
16
+Tempered glass **cannot** be cut or drilled afterward.
17
+Factories do:
18
+
19
+- Final size cutting
20
+- All holes
21
+- Edge grinding (chamfering)
22
+
23
+Because **any post-cutting will cause instant shattering**.
24
+
25
+---
26
+
27
+#### **Step 2 — Wash the Glass**
28
+High-pressure washing → air drying
29
+(Glass must be 100% dust-free or it will temper unevenly.)
30
+
31
+---
32
+
33
+#### **Step 3 — Heat to 620–680°C**
34
+Glass is sent into a tempering furnace:
35
+
36
+- Temperature: **620–680°C**
37
+- Temperature uniformity: **±5°C**
38
+- Glass becomes soft and glowing red
39
+
40
+Home tools (oven, torch, burner) **cannot reach or maintain** this.
41
+
42
+---
43
+
44
+#### **Step 4 — Rapid Air-Quench (Cooling)**
45
+Once at temperature, the glass is rapidly cooled using:
46
+
47
+- Two-sided **high-pressure air jets**
48
+- Pressure: **0.8–1.2 MPa**
49
+- Cooling takes only a few seconds
50
+
51
+This creates **surface compression stress**, which makes the glass strong.
52
+
53
+---
54
+
55
+## ⚠️ 2. Why You Cannot Temper Glass at Home
56
+
57
+| Requirement | Can Home Do It? | Reason |
58
+|------------|------------------|--------|
59
+| 650°C uniform heating | ❌ | Home ovens reach ~250°C, uneven heat |
60
+| Large tempering furnace | ❌ | Industrial-size only |
61
+| High-pressure air quench | ❌ | Requires special compressors & nozzles |
62
+| Safe handling of soft hot glass | ❌ | Extreme burn & shatter risk |
63
+| Precision control | ❌ | Home tools are not accurate enough |
64
+
65
+**Conclusion:**
66
+Tempering glass at home is **unsafe and physically impractical**.
67
+
68
+---
69
+
70
+## ✅ 3. Home-Doable Alternatives (Safe)
71
+
72
+#### **Option A — Chemical Strengthening (Ion Exchange)**
73
+This is an industrial method but *slightly* more accessible:
74
+
75
+- Uses a molten **potassium nitrate (KNO₃)** bath at **400°C**
76
+- Potassium ions replace sodium ions in the glass
77
+- Increases strength **2–4×**
78
+
79
+⚠️ Still not home-safe:
80
+Requires precise heating, pure salts, and toxic fumes.
81
+
82
+---
83
+
84
+#### **Option B — Anti-Shatter Film / TPU Film (Safe)**
85
+This is the **best home method**:
86
+
87
+- Increases impact resistance
88
+- Prevents dangerous shattering
89
+- Easy and safe
90
+
91
+(Not real tempering, but practical.)
92
+
93
+---
94
+
95
+#### **Option C — Use Thicker Glass**
96
+For DIY projects:
97
+
98
+- Replace 4 mm with **6 mm**
99
+- Or use **acrylic (PMMA)** for better impact resistance
100
+
101
+
102
+## ref
103
+
104
+- [[glass-dat]]
105
+
106
+
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1
+
2
+# drill-bit-dat
3
+
4
+木工尖头钻 - [[Brad-point-drill-bit-dat]]
5
+
6
+塑料专用钻 - Plastic drill bit
7
+
8
+阶梯钻最佳 - Step drill bit
9
+
10
+Twist drill bit
11
+
12
+- [[drill-bit]] -[[mechanics]]
13
+
14
+
15
+
16
+## targeted materials
17
+
18
+- [[glass-dat]] - [[marble-dat]]
19
+
20
+- [[ceramic-tile-dat]] - [[Concrete-dat]]
21
+
22
+- [[plastic-dat]]
23
+
24
+- [[wood-dat]]
25
+
26
+- [[metal-dat]]
27
+
28
+- [[stone-dat]]
29
+
30
+
31
+### Drill Bits: Ceramic Tile vs Glass
32
+
33
+No — the drill bits for **ceramic tile** and **glass** are **not exactly the same**, though they are similar in some ways. Here’s the comparison:
34
+
35
+| Material | Recommended Drill Bit | Notes |
36
+| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
37
+| **Ceramic Tile** | Carbide-tipped or diamond-tipped tile bit | Usually has a spear-shaped or pointed tip to pierce the glazed surface without cracking. Works best on glazed surfaces; slower speed, light pressure. |
38
+| **Glass** | Diamond-tipped or specialized glass/ceramic bit | Often conical or pointed, designed for brittle materials. Must drill at low speed, with water or lubrication, and ideally from both sides. |
39
+
40
+## Key Differences
41
+
42
+1. **Tip shape**:
43
+ - Tile bits often have a **spear point** (good for glazed tiles)
44
+ - Glass bits have a **small conical/diamond tip** to reduce chipping
45
+
46
+2. **Brittleness**:
47
+ - Glass is more prone to cracking, so drilling requires more care, water/lubrication, and two-sided drilling.
48
+ - Tile can usually handle light drilling from one side.
49
+
50
+3. **Speed and pressure**:
51
+ - Both need low speed and light pressure, but glass is **far less forgiving** than tile.
52
+
53
+
54
+
55
+
56
+### glass
57
+
58
+- [[glass-dat]]
59
+
60
+## ✅ Recommended Drill Bits
61
+
62
+| Type | Use | Features |
63
+| ---------------------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------- |
64
+| Glass/Ceramic bit (diamond-coated) | Drilling | Conical tip for brittle materials |
65
+| HSS glass-specific bit | Small holes | Low speed, use with cooling |
66
+| Diamond conical bit | Precision holes | Best for thick or hard glass |
67
+
68
+
69
+- 玻璃/瓷砖钻头（金刚石涂层） - 金刚石锥钻头 - HSS 玻璃专用钻头
70
+
71
+
72
+## purpose
73
+
74
+### polishing
75
+
76
+![](2025-11-26-16-49-54.png)
77
+
78
+
79
+## ref
80
+
81
+- [[mechanics-dat]]
82
+
83
+
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1
+
2
+# screw-drivers-dat
3
+
4
+![](2024-10-10-02-29-19.png)
5
+
6
+![](2024-10-10-02-30-32.png)
7
+
8
+
9
+## ref
10
+
11
+- [[screw-drivers]]
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1
-
2
-# screw-drivers-dat
3
-
4
-![](2024-10-10-02-29-19.png)
5
-
6
-![](2024-10-10-02-30-32.png)
7
-
8
-
9
-## ref
10
-
11
-- [[screw-drivers]]
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1
+
2
+# Lead-screw-dat
3
+
4
+lead screws are mechanical devices used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. They consist of a threaded rod (the lead screw) and a nut that moves along the threads when the screw is turned.
5
+
6
+![](2025-06-06-19-25-24.png)
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1
+
2
+# Linear-Rail-dat
3
+
4
+## MGN12H_600mm
5
+
6
+- length = 600m
7
+
8
+W = dimension of the block = 27
9
+Wr = dimesnion of the rail = 12
10
+
11
+![](2025-02-19-14-25-59.png)
12
+
13
+![](2025-03-11-17-18-47.png)
14
+
15
+导轨端距有要求吗 == 默认均分
16
+
17
+## installation
18
+
19
+![](2025-03-14-20-09-18.png)
20
+
21
+
22
+
23
+## ref
24
+
25
+- [[pixieplacer-dat]]
... ...
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/Nut-dat/Nut-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
1
+
2
+# Nut-dat
3
+
4
+- 螺母
5
+
6
+## ref
7
+
8
+- [[nut]] - [[screws]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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1
+
2
+# T-nut-dat
3
+
4
+## specs
5
+
6
+20 - M5 - 10 - 6 == for groove width 6.2 mm 2020 [[Alu-Extrusion-dat]]
7
+
8
+![](2025-03-13-17-28-08.png)
9
+
10
+40 - M5 - 19.5 - 8 == for groove width 8.2 mm 4040 [[Alu-Extrusion-dat]]
11
+
12
+![](2025-03-13-17-29-21.png)
13
+
14
+![](2025-03-13-17-57-06.png)
15
+
16
+### T-nuts
17
+
18
+single rail
19
+
20
+![](2025-02-26-19-02-24.png)
21
+
22
+![](2025-02-26-19-03-07.png)
23
+
24
+
25
+large locker with ribs
26
+
27
+![](2025-02-26-19-27-32.png)
28
+
29
+EU 30M4T == 304 == M4
30
+
31
+![](2025-02-27-17-46-09.png)
32
+
33
+EU 40M5
34
+![](2025-03-11-16-34-04.png)
35
+
36
+
37
+dual rail
38
+
39
+#### Locking Effect Explained:
40
+
41
+Tightening the Screw:
42
+
43
+As you tighten the screw into the T-nut, the screw's threads engage with the internal threads of the T-nut.
44
+When the screw is turned, it applies a force that presses the T-nut tightly against the sides of the aluminum extrusion's groove.
45
+
46
+Increased Friction:
47
+
48
+The horizontal part of the T-nut, the "T" portion, makes contact with the two sides of the groove. This creates a large contact area between the T-nut and the extrusion.
49
+As the screw continues to tighten, the pressure between the T-nut and the groove increases, resulting in higher friction. The friction prevents the T-nut from moving within the groove.
50
+
51
+Stability:
52
+
53
+The tightening force from the screw effectively locks the T-nut into place. The T-nut's "T" shape, combined with the increased pressure, causes it to grip tightly inside the extrusion, which prevents it from shifting or loosening.
54
+This means that once the screw is fully tightened, the T-nut is securely fixed within the extrusion, providing a stable and non-moving connection.
55
+
56
+Prevention of Movement:
57
+
58
+The combination of friction and compression ensures that the T-nut will not slide or move within the extrusion slot. It becomes firmly anchored, even under load, ensuring the connection stays intact over time.
59
+In summary, the locking effect is the result of the screw creating a compressive force that increases friction between the T-nut and the aluminum extrusion groove, securing the T-nut in place and preventing it from shifting. This guarantees a strong, stable, and secure connection.
60
+
61
+### Hex Head (Hexagonal Head):
62
+
63
+- [[screws-dat]]
64
+
65
+Description: A hexagonal-shaped head that requires a wrench or a socket driver for tightening.
66
+
67
+Why it's preferred: The hex head provides a large surface area for torque, allowing you to apply more force to tighten the screw securely. This helps achieve a stronger locking effect for the T-nut.
68
+
69
+Application: Suitable for heavy-duty applications where a high level of torque and secure fastening is required.
70
+
71
+
72
+
73
+
74
+
75
+## ref
76
+
77
+- [[T-nut]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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1
+
2
+# Pneumatic-cylinder-dat
3
+
4
+![](2025-06-06-19-10-59.png)
5
+
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bearing-dat/2025-04-18-15-37-24.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bearing-dat/Flanged-bearing-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# Flanged-bearing-dat.md
3
+
4
+如 LMK、LMEK、LMF、LMEF、LMH 等系列，它们有法兰盘，易于安装。
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bearing-dat/bearing-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
1
+
2
+# bearing-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## bearing stand
6
+
7
+SK series
8
+
9
+![](2025-11-30-01-07-43.png)
10
+
11
+## linear bearing
12
+
13
+![](2025-07-03-16-41-47.png)
14
+
15
+
16
+## bearing wtih vertical stand
17
+
18
+![](2025-07-03-17-03-47.png)
19
+
20
+
21
+## 608_Bearing
22
+
23
+Here's what "608" means:
24
+
25
+- 6 – The bearing type (6 = single row deep groove ball bearing)
26
+- 0 – The bearing series, indicating the robustness (0 = light duty)
27
+- 8 – The bore size, which is 8mm
28
+
29
+Basic Dimensions of a 608 bearing:
30
+
31
+- Inner diameter (bore): 8 mm
32
+- Outer diameter: 22 mm
33
+- Width (thickness): 7 mm
34
+
35
+
36
+
37
+
38
+## block the bearing
39
+
40
+![](2025-04-18-15-37-24.png)
41
+
42
+by M3 screws
43
+
44
+
45
+## What is a Bearing?
46
+
47
+A **bearing** is a mechanical component that **reduces friction** between moving parts and supports rotational or linear motion. Bearings are commonly used in machines, vehicles, and industrial equipment to enhance efficiency and durability.
48
+
49
+---
50
+
51
+### Types of Bearings
52
+
53
+#### 1. Rolling Element Bearings (Most Common)
54
+These use balls or rollers to reduce friction.
55
+
56
+- **Ball Bearings** 🏀
57
+ - Use small balls between inner and outer rings.
58
+ - Suitable for high-speed applications.
59
+ - **Example:** Used in **electric motors, bicycles, fans**.
60
+
61
+- **Roller Bearings** 🎢
62
+ - Use cylindrical, tapered, or spherical rollers instead of balls.
63
+ - Handle higher loads than ball bearings.
64
+ - **Example:** Found in **conveyor belts, gearboxes, heavy machinery**.
65
+
66
+#### 2. Plain Bearings (Bushings)
67
+- Do not have rolling elements, relying on smooth surfaces and lubrication.
68
+- **Example:** **Hinges, automotive suspension systems**.
69
+
70
+#### 3. Magnetic Bearings 🧲
71
+- Use **magnetic fields** to support a rotating shaft without physical contact.
72
+- **Example:** **High-speed turbines, advanced aerospace applications**.
73
+
74
+#### 4. Fluid Bearings 💧
75
+- Use **oil or gas film** to eliminate direct contact between surfaces.
76
+- **Example:** **Hard drives, turbochargers**.
77
+
78
+---
79
+
80
+### Key Functions of Bearings
81
+✅ **Reduce Friction** → Increases efficiency
82
+✅ **Support Loads** → Radial (sideways) & axial (thrust) loads
83
+✅ **Improve Precision** → Smooth motion & alignment
84
+✅ **Enhance Durability** → Reduces wear on components
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/bracket-dat/bracket-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# bracket-dat
3
+
4
+## Angle bracket / Corner bracket / L-bracket / Angle iron
5
+
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/copper-spacer-dat/copper-spacer-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
1
+
2
+# copper-spacer-dat
3
+
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/damper-dat/2025-11-30-01-57-38.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/damper-dat/damper-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# damper-dat
3
+
4
+- [[damping-dat]]
5
+
6
+damper is a mechanical device that resists motion via viscous friction. It is used to reduce vibrations, shocks, and oscillations in mechanical systems.
7
+
8
+
9
+## Friction / Viscous Damper
10
+
11
+### damper linear
12
+
13
+![](2025-11-30-01-57-38.png)
14
+
15
+### damper ball-round
16
+
17
+### damper 转盘
18
+
19
+
20
+## Hydraulic Damper / Shock Absorber 液压 damper linear
21
+
22
+
23
+
24
+
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+## Spring-Damper / Rubber Buffer
29
+
30
+
31
+## 气压阻尼件 (Gas Damper / Gas Spring)
32
+
33
+- 气撑
34
+
35
+
36
+## apps
37
+
38
+门合页
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+
43
+
44
+## ref
45
+
46
+- [[mechanical-parts-dat]]
47
+
48
+- [[force-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/flange-dat/2025-06-07-13-12-02.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/flange-dat/2025-06-07-13-18-26.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/flange-dat/2025-06-07-13-22-14.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/flange-dat/flange-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
1
+
2
+# flange-dat.md
3
+
4
+A flange is a protruding rim, lip, or ridge used for various purposes, including fixing, strengthening, guiding, or connecting. It can be a flat surface sticking out from an object, or a decorative edge on clothing.
5
+
6
+![](2025-06-07-13-12-02.png)
7
+
8
+
9
+## shaft coupling flange set == set-screw flange
10
+
11
+The image shows a shaft coupling flange set, typically used to connect a motor shaft to a wheel, gear, or other rotating component. The screw part in this flange assembly refers to the grub screws (set screws) shown next to the hex key (Allen wrench).
12
+
13
+Breakdown of the parts:
14
+
15
+**Grub screws (set screws):**
16
+These are the small black screws included in the image. They are inserted into the threaded side holes of the flange (visible on the cylindrical hub) to secure the shaft in place.
17
+
18
+Function:
19
+
20
+Once the shaft is inserted into the flange's central hole, the grub screws are tightened using the included hex key to clamp the shaft securely, preventing it from slipping.
21
+
22
+These components are commonly used in RC cars, robotics, CNC machines, and 3D printers for coupling motors to shafts or wheels.
23
+
24
+
25
+![](2025-06-07-13-14-07.png)
26
+
27
+### set-screw flange for 100KG motor
28
+
29
+NO, a basic set-screw flange on an 8mm shaft is not recommended to handle 100 kg load especially under torque or dynamic conditions.
30
+
31
+Consider:
32
+
33
+- A larger diameter shaft (12–16mm)
34
+- Clamping flanges
35
+- Keyed shafts
36
+- Stronger materials
37
+- Proper bearing support
38
+
39
+## Clamping Flange
40
+
41
+![](2025-06-07-13-18-26.png)
42
+
43
+![](2025-06-07-13-24-46.png)
44
+
45
+
46
+![](2025-06-07-13-22-14.png)
47
+
48
+## keyed flange
49
+
50
+## Options selection
51
+
52
+If possible, use a clamping flange — it’s safer, more secure, and better for D-shafts and higher loads.
53
+
54
+If you already have a set screw flange (like in your image), it can work, especially on a D-shaft, but be extra careful with alignment and torque.
55
+
56
+## ref
57
+
58
+-[[motor-shaft]]
59
+
60
+- [[flange]] - [[mechanics]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/heatsink-dat/heatsink-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
1
+
2
+# heatsink-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[PMP1013-dat]] - [[PMP1008-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[PMP1010-dat]] == 11 x 11 mm
10
+
11
+
12
+
13
+- Prototype, Mechical Parts, Heat Sink
14
+
15
+Application: Router Heat Sink, CPU Heat Sink
16
+
17
+
18
+
19
+
20
+- [[PCB-accesories-dat]]
21
+
22
+## ref
23
+
24
+- [[mechanics-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/magnet-dat/magnet-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
1
+
2
+# magnet-dat
3
+
4
+## ref
5
+
6
+- [[magnet]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/mechanical-parts-dat.md
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/rack-dat/2025-10-23-19-52-10.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/rack-dat/rack-dat.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# rack-dat
4
+
5
+## metal hand-like rack
6
+
7
+![](2025-10-23-20-00-34.png)
8
+
9
+
10
+## flexible rack
11
+
12
+![](2025-10-23-19-57-19.png)
13
+
14
+## ball rack
15
+
16
+![](2025-10-23-19-56-15.png)
17
+
18
+## plastic enclosure
19
+
20
+![](2025-10-23-19-52-10.png)
21
+
22
+
23
+![](2025-10-23-19-53-06.png)
24
+
25
+## ref
26
+
27
+- [[rack]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/2025-04-03-15-14-31.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/2025-04-03-15-42-28.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/2025-06-15-19-29-11.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/2025-06-15-19-44-50.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/Mecanum-wheel-dat/Mecanum-wheel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
1
+
2
+# Mecanum-wheel-dat
3
+
4
+## Mecanum wheel == omnidirectional wheel
5
+
6
+- [Mecanum wheel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanum_wheel) - Wikipedia
7
+
8
+The Mecanum wheel is a type of omnidirectional wheel that allows a vehicle to move laterally, diagonally, or rotate in place without changing its orientation. It is widely used in omnidirectional robots, AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles), and mobile robotics applications.
9
+
10
+## ref
11
+
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/wheel-dat/wheel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
1
+
2
+# wheel-dat
3
+
4
+- [[Mecanum-wheel-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[tank-wheels-supporting-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+97 dia mm
11
+
12
+![](2025-06-15-19-29-11.png)
13
+
14
+125 dia mm
15
+
16
+
17
+## 12"
18
+
19
+![](2025-06-15-19-44-50.png)
20
+
21
+12 inches is equal to:
22
+
23
+- 30.48 centimeters (cm)
24
+- 304.8 millimeters (mm)
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+
32
+
33
+
34
+## wheel with motor
35
+
36
+mostly used for balancer kart, electric go-kart, and electric tri-cycle,
37
+
38
+
39
+
40
+![](2025-04-03-15-14-31.png)
41
+
42
+![](2025-04-03-15-15-58.png)
43
+
44
+![](2025-04-03-15-16-42.png)
45
+
46
+12-inch 3000W 18-shaft + Mingzhe semi-molten tire
47
+
48
+
49
+## wheel without motor
50
+
51
+bearing 6302
52
+
53
+![](2025-04-03-15-42-28.png)
54
+
55
+
56
+## ref
57
+
58
+- [[robot-dat]]
59
+
60
+- [[bearing-dat]]
61
+
62
+
63
+## ref
64
+
65
+- [[wheels]]
66
+
mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/sheet-dat/sheet-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
1
+
2
+# sheet-dat
3
+
4
+== [[sheet-metal-fab-dat]] - [[fab-dat]]
5
+
6
+## MDF sheet
7
+
8
+## Steel Sheet
9
+
10
+- Magnetic for the Top of the Machine Bed. Glued onto the Bottom_Machine_Bed
11
+
12
+
13
+## Bakelite Board
14
+
15
+Bakelite Board (also known as Phenolic Laminate Board) is an insulating material made by impregnating paper or fabric with phenolic resin and then compressing it under high temperature and pressure. It is known for its heat resistance, durability, and excellent electrical insulation properties, making it widely used in electrical, electronic, mechanical, and mold industries.
16
+
17
+
18
+## acrylic glass / PMMA
19
+
20
+
21
+Plexiglas Cover refers to a protective cover made of Plexiglas, a brand name for acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA). It is a transparent, lightweight, and shatter-resistant material commonly used as a substitute for glass.
22
+
23
+
24
+
25
+## ref
26
+
27
+- [[sheet]] - [[mechanics]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanics-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
3 3
4 4
- [[fab-dat]] - [[case-dat]]
5 5
6
-- [[materials-dat]]
6
+- [[materials-dat]] - [[glass-dat]]
7 7
8 8
- [[Rivet-dat]] - [[Expansion-bolt-dat]]
9 9
... ...
@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@
13 13
14 14
- [[glue-dat]]
15 15
16
-- [[mechanical-structure-dat/motion-system-dat/motion-system-dat]]
17 16
18
-- [[mechnical-structure-dat]]
19 17
20 18
- [[bearing-dat]] - [[nut-dat]]
21 19
... ...
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@
37 35
38 36
- [[mechanical-structure-dat]] - [[PVC-tube-dat]] - [[aluminum-profile-dat]] - [[turnover-box-dat]] - [[cardboard-dat]] - [[shaft-plain-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]]
39 37
40
-- [[alu-extrusion-dat]]
38
+- [[alu-extrusion-dat]] - [[motion-system-dat]]
41 39
42 40
43 41
mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/2025-09-24-17-12-02.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/chassis-dat/chassis-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
1
+
2
+# chassis-dat.md
3
+
4
+- [[sheet-dat]] - [[cad-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[suspension-dat]] - [[suspension]]
7
+
8
+- [[wheel-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[motor-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/2025-11-27-15-37-08.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/2025-11-27-15-39-55.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/2025-11-27-17-21-11.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/chassis-dat/suspension-dat/suspension-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
1
+
2
+# suspension-dat
3
+
4
+- [[bogie-dat]]
5
+
6
+## stroller classic suspension
7
+
8
+![](2025-11-27-17-20-43.png)
9
+
10
+![](2025-11-27-17-21-11.png)
11
+
12
+![](2025-11-27-15-37-08.png)
13
+
14
+![](2025-11-27-15-37-25.png)
15
+
16
+![](2025-11-27-15-39-55.png)
17
+
18
+## suspension with break
19
+
20
+![](2025-11-27-15-39-04.png)
21
+
22
+
23
+## suspension with rotation support
24
+
25
+![](2025-11-27-15-42-51.png)
26
+
27
+
28
+## rotating system
29
+
30
+![](2025-11-27-15-41-15.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/damping-dat/damping-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# damping-dat
3
+
4
+- [[damper-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/gearbox-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
1 1
2 2
# gearbox-dat
3 3
4
-![](2025-09-24-17-12-02.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+![gearbox-dat/2025-09-24-17-12-02.png](gearbox-dat/2025-09-24-17-12-02.png)
... ...
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/gearbox-dat/2025-09-24-17-12-02.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/gearbox-dat/gearbox-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
1
+
2
+# gearbox-dat
3
+
4
+![](2025-09-24-17-12-02.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/oil-mineral-dat/oil-mineral-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# oil-mineral-dat.md
4
+
5
+- [[oil-soaking-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+## Mineral Oil vs Air: Thermal Conductivity & Cooling Performance Comparison
9
+
10
+### 1. Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)
11
+| Medium | Thermal Conductivity | Meaning |
12
+|---------------|----------------------|---------|
13
+| **Air** | ~0.024 | Very low heat transfer |
14
+| **Mineral Oil** | ~0.12–0.15 | About 5–6× better than air |
15
+
16
+**Conclusion:**
17
+Mineral oil transfers heat better than air *through direct conduction*.
18
+
19
+---
20
+
21
+### 2. Heat Capacity (kJ/kg·K)
22
+| Medium | Heat Capacity | Meaning |
23
+|---------------|---------------|---------|
24
+| **Air** | ~1.0 | Low heat storage |
25
+| **Mineral Oil** | ~1.6–2.0 | Can absorb more heat per unit mass |
26
+
27
+**Conclusion:**
28
+Mineral oil absorbs more heat before increasing temperature.
29
+
30
+---
31
+
32
+### 3. Convection (Cooling by Moving Fluid)
33
+#### Air
34
+- Very low viscosity → moves easily
35
+- Natural convection is strong
36
+- Fans blow heat away efficiently
37
+**Air = Good for passive cooling**
38
+
39
+#### Mineral Oil
40
+- High viscosity → moves slowly
41
+- Natural convection is weak
42
+- If not pumped, heat accumulates near the chip
43
+**Oil = Poor natural convection unless circulated**
44
+
45
+---
46
+
47
+### 4. Real-World Cooling Performance
48
+
49
+#### With active flow (fan/pump)
50
+**Mineral Oil > Air**
51
+- Lower operating temperature
52
+- Used in oil-cooled servers & transformers
53
+
54
+#### With no movement (sealed container)
55
+**Mineral Oil < Air**
56
+- Heat gets trapped around components
57
+- Components overheat in small electronics
58
+- Can cause long-term damage to chips & capacitors
59
+
60
+---
61
+
62
+### 5. Final Conclusions
63
+
64
+- **For passive cooling:**
65
+ Air cools better because it convects well.
66
+
67
+- **For active cooling (oil pump or circulation):**
68
+ Mineral oil cools better due to superior conduction & heat absorption.
69
+
70
+- **For small electronics in still oil:**
71
+ Mineral oil can **cause overheating**, because heat cannot escape from the local area.
72
+
73
+
74
+## cool
75
+
76
+### Can a Normal Computer Fan Run in Mineral Oil?
77
+
78
+#### ✅ 1. Yes, a standard PC fan can operate in mineral oil
79
+- Mineral oil is **non-conductive** → does not short-circuit electronics.
80
+- Many hobbyists run **oil-submerged PCs** with normal fans.
81
+- Brushless DC fans generally continue spinning fine in oil.
82
+
83
+---
84
+
85
+#### ⚠️ 2. BUT: The fan's **speed will decrease a lot**
86
+Reason:
87
+- Oil is ~800× denser than air.
88
+- The blades have to "push" thick oil → heavy resistance.
89
+
90
+Typical results:
91
+- A 120 mm fan normally spins at 1200–2000 RPM in air.
92
+- In mineral oil, it may drop to **100–300 RPM** (or even stall).
93
+
94
+So it *moves oil*, but **slowly**.
95
+
96
+---
97
+
98
+#### ⚠️ 3. Fan lifespan will be shorter
99
+Problems you may encounter:
100
+- Motor works harder → more heat.
101
+- Oil may seep into bearings → increase friction.
102
+- Rubber seals may swell over time.
103
+
104
+It may still last **months to years**, but not as long as in air.
105
+
106
+---
107
+
108
+#### ⚠️ 4. The fan moves OIL, not AIR
109
+In oil:
110
+- No airflow.
111
+- Instead you get **liquid circulation**, which is good for cooling.
112
+
113
+But:
114
+- Movement is much slower.
115
+- Large fans are more effective than small ones.
116
+
117
+
118
+## ref
119
+
120
+- [[mechanics-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/oil-mineral-dat/oil-soaking-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
1
+
2
+# oil-soaking-dat.md
3
+
4
+
5
+It looks like your 12V camera, after being soaked in mineral oil for a while, fails to start up after being powered off and on again.
6
+This situation is very common in electronics "oil immersion" experiments. Let me help you analyze the most likely causes and troubleshooting methods.
7
+
8
+✅ Why does soaking in mineral oil cause startup failure?
9
+
10
+1. Oil enters the interior, causing poor heat dissipation → Chip overheating and damage
11
+
12
+Mineral oil is insulating, but its heat dissipation is worse than air.
13
+Inside the camera, there are usually:
14
+
15
+- Image sensor (CMOS)
16
+- ISP chip
17
+- DC-DC power supply
18
+- Voltage regulator IC
19
+
20
+These components are already prone to heating. After oil immersion, the temperature rises, which may cause:
21
+
22
+- Chip solder balls to fall off (especially BGA packages)
23
+- Voltage regulator damage
24
+- Capacitors aging due to long-term overheating
25
+
26
+👉 Symptoms: The camera lights up for a few seconds after powering on, then slowly goes dark or doesn't light up at all.
27
+
28
+2. Oil dissolves certain materials → Causes short circuits or failure
29
+
30
+Although mineral oil is insulating, it is not friendly to some component materials:
31
+
32
+- Rubber seals may swell and soften → Oil seeps into the lens and sensor area
33
+- Some plastic housings may soften → Component displacement
34
+- Thermal paste / thermal grease dissolves → Chips lose heat dissipation path
35
+- Adhesive for lens attachment swells → Lens shifts or even falls off
36
+
37
+👉 Lens misalignment can also cause the camera to fail to start (auto-calibration fails).
38
+
39
+3. Oil enters connectors → Poor contact
40
+
41
+Typical examples:
42
+
43
+- FPC (flex cable) connectors get oil inside → Poor contact of spring contacts
44
+- Lens module to mainboard interface gets oil → Abnormal resistance values
45
+- DC plug / solder joints get oil in the gaps → Increased contact resistance
46
+
47
+👉 Symptoms: Completely dark, almost no current flows, or current instantly drops to 0 when plugged in.
48
+
49
+4. Electrolytic capacitors affected by oil (severe cases)
50
+
51
+Although mineral oil is non-conductive, long-term soaking can cause the rubber seal of electrolytic capacitors to age, leading to:
52
+
53
+- Internal electrolyte evaporation
54
+- Capacitor ESR increases → Unstable power supply
55
+
56
+Cannot power on or keeps rebooting
57
+
58
+🔍 Troubleshooting you can do (safe, non-destructive)
59
+
60
+① Measure the power-on current (most important)
61
+
62
+If you have a multimeter, measure the camera's current:
63
+
64
+| Current Behavior | Suspected Fault |
65
+|------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
66
+| 0 mA | Interface open, fuse blown, DC/DC front-end failure |
67
+| Power on: tens of mA → drops to 0 | Startup failure/auto-protection |
68
+| Stable 200–300 mA, no change | Chip short circuit/internal damage |
69
+| Regular 100–200 mA fluctuations | Unstable power, capacitor ESR increased|
70
+
71
+② Low-temperature drying
72
+
73
+Although mineral oil does not evaporate, a layer of oil may remain on the PCB and affect contact.
74
+
75
+You can:
76
+
77
+- Use a napkin to absorb surface oil
78
+- Place in a 40–50°C environment for 24 hours to slowly remove oil
79
+ (Do not exceed 60°C, or plastic parts may deform)
80
+
81
+③ Clean flex cables and connectors
82
+
83
+The most vulnerable part is the "flex cable + connector".
84
+
85
+Method:
86
+
87
+- Remove the flex cable
88
+- Clean the cable's gold fingers with isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
89
+- Gently blow air into the connector, let it dry
90
+- Reinsert
91
+
92
+80% of "oil immersion failures" in cameras are caused by poor flex cable contact.
93
+
94
+④ Open and check if the lens module has oil ingress
95
+
96
+If the lens group has oil inside:
97
+
98
+- Internal blades will be contaminated by oil
99
+- Optical module cannot work properly
100
+- Sensor cannot initialize → Camera does not power on or freezes
101
+
102
+💡 If you like, I can continue to help you:
103
+
104
+Please tell me the current when you power on.
105
+For example:
106
+
107
+- 0 mA
108
+- 0 → 200 mA → 0
109
+- Stable 150 mA
110
+- Irregular fluctuations
111
+
112
+As long as you provide the power-on current, I can further determine if it is:
113
+
114
+- Power stage failure
115
+- Connector contact issue
116
+- Sensor module damage
117
+- Chip overheating damage
118
+- DC-DC power instability
119
+
120
+
121
+## ref
122
+
123
+- [[oil-mineral-dat]]
... ...
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mechanics-dat/physics-dat/force-dat/force-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# force-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+| kgf·cm | N·m (approx) |
6
+|---------|--------------|
7
+| 1 | 0.0981 |
8
+| 2 | 0.1962 |
9
+| 3 | 0.2943 |
10
+| 4 | 0.3924 |
11
+| 5 | 0.4905 |
12
+| 6 | 0.5886 |
13
+| 7 | 0.6867 |
14
+| 8 | 0.7848 |
15
+| 9 | 0.8829 |
16
+| 10 | 0.981 |
17
+| 15 | 1.4715 |
18
+| 20 | 1.962 |
19
+| 25 | 2.4525 |
20
+| 30 | 2.943 |
21
+| 50 | 4.905 |
22
+| 100 | 9.81 |
23
+
24
+> Formula: **N·m = kgf·cm × 0.09807**
25
+
26
+## Torque to Lift a 10 kg Bottle by Hand
27
+
28
+### Given:
29
+- Mass of bottle: 10 kg
30
+- Gravity: 9.8 m/s²
31
+- Force needed: F = m × g = 10 × 9.8 = 98 N
32
+- Lever arm (distance from shoulder joint to hand): r = 0.3 m
33
+
34
+### Torque Formula:
35
+
36
+ T = F * r
37
+
38
+
39
+### Calculation:
40
+
41
+ T = 98 \, N * 0.3 \, m = 29.4 \, N·m
42
+
43
+
44
+### Result:
45
+
46
+- Torque required: **≈ 29.4 N·m**
47
+
48
+### Note:
49
+
50
+For a longer lever arm (e.g., 0.5 m):
51
+
52
+ T = 98 * 0.5 = 49 N·m
53
+
54
+- Torque depends on the pivot point; if lifting straight up without rotation, torque is less relevant.
55
+
56
+## ref
57
+
58
+- [[physics-dat]]
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mechanics-dat/rack-dat/2025-10-23-19-52-10.png
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mechanics-dat/rack-dat/rack-dat.md
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1
-
2
-
3
-# rack-dat
4
-
5
-## metal hand-like rack
6
-
7
-![](2025-10-23-20-00-34.png)
8
-
9
-
10
-## flexible rack
11
-
12
-![](2025-10-23-19-57-19.png)
13
-
14
-## ball rack
15
-
16
-![](2025-10-23-19-56-15.png)
17
-
18
-## plastic enclosure
19
-
20
-![](2025-10-23-19-52-10.png)
21
-
22
-
23
-![](2025-10-23-19-53-06.png)
24
-
25
-## ref
26
-
27
-- [[rack]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/sheet-dat/sheet-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# sheet-dat
3
-
4
-== [[sheet-metal-fab-dat]] - [[fab-dat]]
5
-
6
-## MDF sheet
7
-
8
-## Steel Sheet
9
-
10
-- Magnetic for the Top of the Machine Bed. Glued onto the Bottom_Machine_Bed
11
-
12
-
13
-## Bakelite Board
14
-
15
-Bakelite Board (also known as Phenolic Laminate Board) is an insulating material made by impregnating paper or fabric with phenolic resin and then compressing it under high temperature and pressure. It is known for its heat resistance, durability, and excellent electrical insulation properties, making it widely used in electrical, electronic, mechanical, and mold industries.
16
-
17
-
18
-## acrylic glass / PMMA
19
-
20
-
21
-Plexiglas Cover refers to a protective cover made of Plexiglas, a brand name for acrylic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA). It is a transparent, lightweight, and shatter-resistant material commonly used as a substitute for glass.
22
-
23
-
24
-
25
-## ref
26
-
27
-- [[sheet]] - [[mechanics]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/wheel-dat/2025-04-03-15-14-31.png
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mechanics-dat/wheel-dat/Mecanum-wheel-dat/Mecanum-wheel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# Mecanum-wheel-dat
3
-
4
-## Mecanum wheel == omnidirectional wheel
5
-
6
-- [Mecanum wheel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanum_wheel) - Wikipedia
7
-
8
-The Mecanum wheel is a type of omnidirectional wheel that allows a vehicle to move laterally, diagonally, or rotate in place without changing its orientation. It is widely used in omnidirectional robots, AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles), and mobile robotics applications.
9
-
10
-## ref
11
-
mechanics-dat/wheel-dat/wheel-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# wheel-dat
3
-
4
-- [[Mecanum-wheel-dat]]
5
-
6
-- [[tank-wheels-supporting-dat]]
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-97 dia mm
11
-
12
-![](2025-06-15-19-29-11.png)
13
-
14
-125 dia mm
15
-
16
-
17
-## 12"
18
-
19
-![](2025-06-15-19-44-50.png)
20
-
21
-12 inches is equal to:
22
-
23
-- 30.48 centimeters (cm)
24
-- 304.8 millimeters (mm)
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-
32
-
33
-
34
-## wheel with motor
35
-
36
-mostly used for balancer kart, electric go-kart, and electric tri-cycle,
37
-
38
-
39
-
40
-![](2025-04-03-15-14-31.png)
41
-
42
-![](2025-04-03-15-15-58.png)
43
-
44
-![](2025-04-03-15-16-42.png)
45
-
46
-12-inch 3000W 18-shaft + Mingzhe semi-molten tire
47
-
48
-
49
-## wheel without motor
50
-
51
-bearing 6302
52
-
53
-![](2025-04-03-15-42-28.png)
54
-
55
-
56
-## ref
57
-
58
-- [[robot-dat]]
59
-
60
-- [[bearing-dat]]
61
-
62
-
63
-## ref
64
-
65
-- [[wheels]]
66
-