856e37f6a67ef39e47e5c581683cbd9564584e4a
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/ESR-capacitor-dat/ESR-capacitor-dat.md
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| 1 | + |
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| 2 | +# ESR-capacitor-dat.md |
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| 3 | + |
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| 4 | + |
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| 5 | +**ESR** stands for **Equivalent Series Resistance**. |
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| 6 | +A capacitor is not ideal — it behaves like it has a small resistor in series with its capacitance. This resistor is called ESR. |
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| 7 | + |
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| 8 | +--- |
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| 9 | + |
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| 10 | +## 1. Definition |
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| 11 | + |
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| 12 | +**ESR capacitor** = a capacitor with **low equivalent series resistance**, designed to supply or absorb high-frequency current spikes efficiently. |
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| 13 | + |
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| 14 | +Mathematically: ESR = Resistive component in series with the capacitor |
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| 15 | + |
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| 16 | +In circuit models: Capacitor → [ Ideal Capacitance C ] — [ ESR ] — [ Inductance ] |
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| 17 | + |
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| 18 | +## 2. Why ESR Matters |
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| 19 | + |
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| 20 | +When a capacitor is used for **power supply smoothing**, such as powering a SIMCom module: |
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| 21 | + |
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| 22 | +- The module draws **high peak current** during transmission bursts (up to ~2A). |
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| 23 | +- The ESR creates a **voltage drop**: |
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| 24 | + |
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| 25 | + V_drop = I_peak × ESR |
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| 26 | + |
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| 27 | +- High ESR means more drop → poor voltage stability → possible **module reboot**. |
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| 28 | + |
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| 29 | + I_peak = 2 A |
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| 30 | + ESR = 0.5 Ω |
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| 31 | + V_drop = 2 × 0.5 = 1 V drop |
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| 32 | + |
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| 33 | +If VBAT is 4.2 V, a 1 V drop means the module sees 3.2 V → unstable operation. |
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| 34 | + |
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| 35 | + |
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| 36 | +## 3. Low ESR Capacitor |
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| 37 | + |
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| 38 | +A **low ESR capacitor** has: |
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| 39 | +- Very small ESR (often < 0.1 Ω). |
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| 40 | +- Better performance for high-frequency pulses. |
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| 41 | +- Less heat generated under load. |
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| 42 | + |
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| 43 | +### Typical types: |
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| 44 | +| Type | ESR | Application | |
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| 45 | +|--------------------|---------------|-----------------------------------| |
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| 46 | +| Ceramic MLCC | < 0.01 Ω | High frequency decoupling | |
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| 47 | +| Tantalum | 0.1 – 0.5 Ω | Bulk filtering in low-voltage | |
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| 48 | +| Low-ESR Electrolytic | 0.01 – 0.1 Ω | Bulk power supply smoothing | |
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| 49 | + |
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| 50 | +## 4. Application in GSM/4G Modules |
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| 51 | +For GSM/4G power stability: |
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| 52 | +- Use **low ESR capacitors** close to VBAT pin. |
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| 53 | +- Typical combination: |
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| 54 | + |
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| 55 | + - 470 µF – 1000 µF low ESR electrolytic/tantalum |
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| 56 | + - 10 µF ceramic MLCC |
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| 57 | + - 0.1 µF ceramic MLCC |
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| 58 | + |
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| 59 | +## ref |
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| 60 | + |
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| 61 | +- [[capacitor-dat]] |
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| 62 | + |
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| 63 | +- [[PCB-design-dat]] |
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat/2025-03-14-20-31-28.png
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat.md
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| 1 | + |
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| 2 | +# Electrolytic-cap-dat |
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| 3 | + |
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| 4 | + |
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| 5 | +## electrolyte |
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| 6 | + |
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| 7 | + |
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/MLCC-dat/MLCC-dat.md
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| 1 | + |
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| 2 | +# MLCC-dat |
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| 3 | + |
BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Tantalum-dat/2023-10-17-16-19-42.png
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Tantalum-dat/Tantalum-dat.md
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| 1 | + |
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| 2 | +# Tantalum-dat |
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| 3 | + |
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| 4 | + |
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| 5 | + |
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| 6 | +## TAJ Series |
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| 7 | + |
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| 8 | + |
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| 9 | + |
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| 10 | + |
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| 11 | + |
BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/capacitor-dat.md
| ... | ... | @@ -1,12 +1,22 @@ |
| 1 | 1 | |
| 2 | 2 | # cap-dat |
| 3 | 3 | |
| 4 | +- [[ESR-capacitor-dat]] - [[MLCC-dat]] - [[Electrolytic-cap-dat]] - [[tantalum-dat]] |
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| 5 | + |
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| 6 | + |
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| 7 | + |
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| 8 | + |
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| 9 | +## brands |
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| 10 | + |
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| 4 | 11 | common brand: Chemi-Con, Vishay, TDK, Pansonic, KEMET, Nichicon |
| 5 | 12 | |
| 6 | 13 | |
| 7 | -- [[decoupling-capacitor-dat]] |
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| 8 | 14 | |
| 15 | +## function |
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| 16 | + |
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| 17 | +- [[capacitor-decoupling-dat]] |
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| 9 | 18 | |
| 19 | +- [[start-capacitor-dat]] - [[CBB-capacitor-dat]] |
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| 10 | 20 | |
| 11 | 21 | ## Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors - Radial Leaded |
| 12 | 22 | |
| ... | ... | @@ -65,13 +75,6 @@ Tantium PTH capacitor |
| 65 | 75 | |
| 66 | 76 | |
| 67 | 77 | |
| 68 | -## TAJ Series |
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| 69 | - |
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| 70 | - |
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| 71 | - |
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| 72 | - |
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| 73 | - |
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| 74 | - |
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| 75 | 78 | |
| 76 | 79 | ## Specs |
| 77 | 80 | |
| ... | ... | @@ -87,13 +90,7 @@ The three-character code with the letter-number-letter format is used for capaci |
| 87 | 90 | |
| 88 | 91 | |
| 89 | 92 | |
| 90 | -## electrolyte |
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| 91 | 93 | |
| 92 | - |
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| 93 | - |
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| 94 | -## Functional Capacitors |
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| 95 | - |
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| 96 | -- [[start-capacitor-dat]] - [[CBB-capacitor-dat]] |
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| 97 | 94 | |
| 98 | 95 | |
| 99 | 96 | ### DC blocking capacitor |
PCB-dat/PCB-design-dat/PCB-design-dat.md
| ... | ... | @@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ |
| 3 | 3 | |
| 4 | 4 | - [[footprint-dat]] - [[thermal-disppation-dat]] - [[heatsink-dat]] - [[PCB-installation-dat]] |
| 5 | 5 | |
| 6 | +- [[PCB-layout-dat]] - [[PCB-trace-dat]] |
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| 7 | + |
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| 6 | 8 | |
| 7 | 9 | - [[EDA-dat]] - [[EDA-simulation-dat]] |
| 8 | 10 | |
| ... | ... | @@ -17,8 +19,6 @@ |
| 17 | 19 | |
| 18 | 20 | - [[BTB-dat]] |
| 19 | 21 | |
| 20 | -- [[PCB-layout-dat]] |
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| 21 | - |
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| 22 | 22 | - [[test-point-dat]] |
| 23 | 23 | |
| 24 | 24 |
PCB-dat/PCB-design-dat/PCB-trace-dat.md
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| 1 | + |
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| 2 | +# PCB-trace-dat |
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| 3 | + |
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| 4 | +- [[differential-signal-dat]] |
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| 5 | + |
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| 6 | +### Quick reference table (External trace, 1 oz copper, ΔT = 10°C): |
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| 7 | + |
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| 8 | +| Current (A) | Trace Width (mil) | Width (mm) | |
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| 9 | +|-------------|---------------------|------------| |
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| 10 | +| 1.0 | ~10 | ~0.25 | |
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| 11 | +| 2.0 | ~20 | ~0.50 | |
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| 12 | +| 3.0 | ~30 | ~0.76 | |
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| 13 | +| 4.0 | ~45 | ~1.14 | |
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| 14 | + |
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| 15 | + |
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| 16 | +## ref |
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| 17 | + |
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| 18 | +- [[PCB-design-dat]] |
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