bat

+

+# battery-holder-AA-dat

+

+

+- [[battery-AA-dat]] - [[battery-size-dat]]

+

+

+- [[battery-holder-dat]] - [[18650-battery-holder-dat]] - [[AA-battery-holder-dat]]

+

+- [[battery-pack-dat]] - [[battery-pack-kit-dat]]

+

+

+

+## 1x battery-holder-AA-dat

+

+### 1x PCB clip type

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+## 2x battery-holder-AA-dat

+

+

+### PCB clip

+

+product list

+

+

+

+back side

+

+

+

+

+connected side == series connection side

+

+

+

+seperated side == output side

+

+

+

+

+### PCB PTH soldering holder

+

+

+

+

+## 3X AA battery holder

+

+== 1.5*3 = 4.5V

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+## cylindar battery holder

+

+

+

+

+

+## ref

+

+

+# battery-pack-kit-dat

+

+- [[battery-dat]] - [[battery-tools-dat]] - [[battery-tester-dat]] - [[battery-pack-kit-dat]]

+

+- [[battery-tools-dat]] - [[battery-pack-materials-dat]]

+

+- [[BMS-active-dat]] - [[BMS-passive-dat]]

+

+- [[case-dat]]

+

+- [[battery-holder-dat]] == rack

+

+- Nickel Sheet

+

+- Insulating Paper

+

+- [[18650-dat]] - [[18650]]

+

+- [[battery-3s-dat]] - [[battery-protector-3s-dat]]

+

+- [[battery-pack-dat]] - [[battery-pack-kit-dat]]

+

+## 3S7P == 12V 8400 mAH == 12V 8.4 AH

+

+

+

+## wiring diagram

+

+

+

+

+## examples

+

+

+

+## Important Notes for Battery Pack Assembly

+

+1. **Activation Required**

+ After welding, the battery pack must be activated with a 12.6V charger before it can output normally. Without activation, the output voltage will not reach the expected level.

+

+2. **Insulation and Protection Board Installation**

+ It is strongly recommended to wrap the battery pack with fish paper (insulating paper) before installing the protection board. The protection board should not be attached directly to the battery cells. Wrap a layer of fish paper around the cells, then install the protection board.

+ Ensure all welds are solid—cold solder joints may cause overheating or fire. Only users with experience in battery pack assembly should purchase. If you are not familiar, please buy with caution. The shop only sells parts and is not responsible for any consequences of use.

+

+---

+

+### 3S 12.6V 40A Lithium Battery Protection Board

+

+- **Application:**

+ Suitable for lithium batteries with a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a fully charged voltage of 4.2V

+ (including 18650, 26650, and polymer lithium batteries; no restriction on cell size)

+

+- **Product Dimensions:**

+ - Enhanced version: 41 × 55 × 3.4 mm

+ - Balanced version: 41 × 60 × 3.4 mm

+

+- **Product Weight:**

+ - Enhanced version: 8.8g

+ - Balanced version: 9.8g

+

+- **Charging Voltage:** 12.6V ~ 13.6V

+- **Continuous Discharge Current (Max):** 40A (reduce load current if heat dissipation is poor)

+- **Continuous Charging Current (Max):** 20A

+

+- **Enhanced Version:**

+ Suitable for drills with starting current below 80A and power below 170W.

+

+- **Balanced Version:**

+ Same as above, but with balanced charging function.

+

+---

+

+#### Precautions

+

+1. **Battery Selection:**

+ To successfully start a drill, use either three 10C–20C power cells or six 5C–10C power cells.

+ Recommended cell models: SONY VTC4, VTC4A, VTC5A, VTC6.

+ Use 0V and 12.6V connection wires with copper wire of at least 3 mm² (do not use nickel strips!).

+

+2. **Wiring:**

+ Strictly follow the wiring diagram for 0V, 4.2V, 8.4V, and 12.6V connections.

+ When soldering wires, do not touch any components on the board and never intentionally short-circuit.

+

+3. **First-Time Soldering or Charging:**

+ When first soldering the battery or during charging, if any single cell exceeds 4.2V, the "430" resistor will heat up to discharge (stops heating when voltage drops to about 4.19V).

+ If the "430" resistor becomes extremely hot (too hot to touch), check for wiring errors.

+

+

+

+

+

+## Purpose of Insulating Paper (Fish Paper) in a Battery Pack:

+

+1. **Electrical Insulation**

+ - Prevents short circuits between cells, busbars, and metal casings.

+

+2. **Thermal Resistance**

+ - Provides heat resistance and helps protect against localized overheating.

+

+3. **Mechanical Protection**

+ - Adds a physical barrier between components to reduce abrasion or vibration damage.

+

+4. **Safety Enhancement**

+ - Improves overall safety of the battery pack by minimizing risks of electrical arcing, leakage, or thermal runaway propagation.

+

+

+

+## ref

+

+- [[battery-pack-dat]]

+

+- [[battery]] - [[battery-pack-kit]]

+

+

+# battery-fishpaper-dat

+

+- [[18650-dat]] - [[battery-li-size-dat]]

+

+

+

+

+18650【空心】4联 1张=30个

+

+18650【实心】4联 1张=30个

+

+18650【空心】5联 1张=24个

+

+18650【实心】5联 1张=24个

+

+18650【空心】6联 1张=16个

+

+18650【实心】6联 1张=18个

+

+18650【空心】7联 1张=16个

+

+18650【实心】7联 1张=16个

+

+18650【空心】8联 1张=16个

+

+18650【实心】8联 1张=12个

+

+18650三角梅花实心 1张=20个

+

+18650三角梅花空心 1张=20个

+

+18650三角形实心 1张=20个

+

+18650正方形实心 1张=20个

+

+18650四角梅花空心 1张=20个

+

+21700【空心】单联 1张=64个

+

+21700【实心】单联 1张=56个

+

+21700三角实心 1张=20个

+

+21700四角梅花空心 1张=20个

+

+21700正方形实心 1张=20个

+

+26650【空心】单联 1张=36个

+

+26650【实心】单联 1张=44个

+

+32650【空心】单联 1张=30个

+

+32650【实心】单联 1张=30个

+

+33140【空心】单联 1张=30个

+

+When building DIY 18650 battery packs (especially when spot-welding nickel strips for series/parallel configurations), applying **fishpaper (青稞纸) insulation rings** to the positive terminals is a vital safety step that should never be skipped.

+

+The core reason for using fishpaper is structural: **the positive cap and the negative casing of an 18650 cell are physically extremely close to each other at the top terminal.**

+

+Here is a detailed breakdown of the safety hazards involved and why fishpaper acts as a critical line of defense:

+

+---

+

+## 1. Structural Hazard: A Micro-Distance Between Plus and Minus

+

+If you closely look at the anatomy of an 18650 battery, you will notice:

+* **The Positive Terminal (+ Top Cover):** This is only the raised center button at the very top.

+* **The Negative Terminal (Crimped Can):** The entire metal cylinder body—including the flat bottom, the sides, and **the rim wrapping right around the top positive cap**—is the negative terminal.

+

+From the factory, these two polarities are separated only by a tiny gasket seal and wrapped over with a very thin layer of **plastic PVC heat-shrink tubing**.

+

+

+## 2. Key Reasons to Apply Fishpaper Insulation

+

+### Reason 1: Preventing Wear from Spot-Welding and Vibration (Primary Reason)

+When assembling a battery pack, metal **nickel strips** are laid flat across the top of multiple batteries to be spot-welded together.

+* Nickel strips are rigid metals with relatively sharp edges.

+* During spot-welding (under physical pressure) or over long-term operation inside a moving device (like an e-scooter, DIY electric vehicle, or robot), the battery pack is subject to **vibration and shocks**.

+* This constant friction can cause the sharp edge of the nickel strip to cut through or rub away the factory-installed fragile PVC plastic wrap on the shoulder of the cell.

+* If that PVC layer is breached, **the nickel strip bridges the positive top cap and the negative steel rim simultaneously, causing an immediate, massive short circuit**.

+

+### Reason 2: Resisting High Thermal Loads During Welding

+The standard factory PVC wrap melts at relatively low temperatures. During the instant millisecond duration of spot-welding, local heat spikes drastically. If the welding time is slightly too long, or the current is set too high, it will instantly burn through the edge of the battery's PVC plastic skin.

+Fishpaper possesses excellent **heat resistance and thermal insulation**, allowing it to easily survive the thermal shock of a spot-weld without melting away.

+

+### Reason 3: Superior Mechanical and Puncture Strength

+Fishpaper (historically known as vulcanized fibre paper) is not normal household paper. It is an industrially treated, heavy-duty electrical grade **cellulose fibre insulation material**. It offers high mechanical strength, elasticity, flexibility, and exceptional resistance to puncture or tearing from metal burs and wires.

+

+### Reason 4: Failsafe and Redundancy Layer

+Even if the original factory plastic wrap degrades, cracks due to age, or shrinks due to heat, having a dedicated adhesive-backed fishpaper gasket ring creates a resilient secondary physical barrier that keeps the nickel strip safely elevated off the negative chassis.

+

+---

+

+## 3. The Dangerous Consequences of Skipping It

+

+A direct short circuit across a high-energy lithium-ion cell is catastrophic:

+1. **Amperage Spike:** The cell internal resistance drops instantly, unleashing hundreds of amperes of current within seconds.

+2. **Boiling Core:** The cell internal temperature skyrockets, causing the organic electrolyte fluid to boil rapidly and vaporize into gas.

+3. **Thermal Runaway:** The internal pressure bursts open the safe venting mechanisms, releasing toxic flames or exploding aggressively, which chain-reacts into adjacent cells, destroying the entire battery pack and environment.

+

+---

+

+> 💡 **Best Practice Summary:**

+> Always stick a **self-adhesive fishpaper washer** directly onto the positive terminal of every single 18650 cell before laying down any nickel strips or starting the spot-welding process. This inexpensive piece of insulation is one of the most vital layers of protection in your battery system design.

+

+# battery-pack-materials-dat

+

+- [[battery-tools-dat]] - [[battery-pack-materials-dat]]

+

+- [[Nickel-strips-dat]] - [[battery-fishpaper-dat]]

+

+- [[battery-pack-dat]] - [[battery-pack-kit-dat]]

+

+

+## battery tools == for battery pack build

+

+### tools

+

+- [[fab-tools-dat]] - [[soldering-tools-spot-welding-dat]]

+

+- capacity - [[electronic-loader-dat]]

+- internal resistance == discharge current - [[internal-resistance-meter-dat]]

+

+[LittloKala M4S](https://www.liito-kala.com/page92?product_id=31)

+

+- CHARGE: Charges the battery to full

+- DISCHARGE: Discharge the battery to empty.

+- TEST: Test battery capacity.

+- STORAGE: Charge the battery voltage to 3.8V or discharge the battery voltage to 3.8V.

+

+

+### battery pack assembly materials

+

+- [[battery-pack-kit-dat]]

+

+- 1. Nickel Strip / copper strip == `铝片和铜片`，电池点焊用的，铝片适合铝壳电池，铜片适合铁壳电池 - [[fab-soldering-materials-dat]]

+

+

+- 2. `青稞纸电池垫` == 使用在电池点焊前，贴在18650电池前，防止压迫导致电池塑料纸损坏，造成电池短路 - [[battery-fishpaper-dat]]

+

+- 3. `青稞纸` == 青稞纸基本都是最后出场，作为电池绝缘和减震的重要部分 - [[Nickel-strips-dat]]

+

+- 4. `硅胶电线` == 链接电池用的，硅胶耐高温，相比一般电线胶皮的上锡的时候不会融化。

+

+- 5. [[battery-holder-dat]]

+

+- 6. [[battery-BMS-dat]] - [[battery-manager-dat]]

+

+- 7. [[case-dat]] or [[heat-shrink-tube-dat]]

+

+## ref

+

+

+## internal

+

+

+

+

+

+

+# 32140-dat

+

+

+## xiaolu

+

+- 电芯等级：全新A品

+- 电池属性：云动力磷酸铁锂

+- 产品型号：32140

+- 电池容量：115000毫安

+- 电池重量：295±10g

+- 产品内阻：≤2.5mΩ

+- 标称电压：3.2V

+- 满电电压：3.65V

+- 截止电压：2.0V

+- 放电倍率：2C

+- 充电倍率：0.5~1C

+- 充电温度：0~60℃

+- 放电温度：-20~60℃

+- 循环次数：2000+

+

+

+

+

+## ref

+

+- [[battery-li-size]] - [[32140]]

+# battery-li-size-dat

+- [[32140-dat]] == 3.2V 15AH

+

+

+- [[18650]]

+

+- [[battery-li-size]] - [[battery]]