Circuits-dat/circuits-dat.md
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@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@
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- [[DC-blocking-dat]] - [[AC-blocking-dat]]
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-- [[logic-gate-dat]] - [[buffer-dat]]
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+- [[logic-gate-dat]] - [[buffer-dat]]
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+
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+- [[switching-dat]] - [[switch-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/torque-dat/torque-dat.md
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@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ The torque generated by **a 100 kgf force acting 1 cm away from the axis**, or a
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## compare 100 kgf·cm and 10 N·m
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#### 🔁 Conversion
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-- 1 kgf·cm = 0.0980665 N·m, 100 centimeters (cm) is equal to 1 meter (m).
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+- 100 centimeters (cm) is equal to 1 meter (m).
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+- 1 kgf·cm = 0.0980665 N·m
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- 100 kgf·cm = 100 × 0.0980665 = **9.80665 N·m**
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#### ✅ Comparison Table
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/motor-driver-dat.md
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@@ -92,6 +92,48 @@ more options
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+## Relay-Based H-Bridge
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+
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+you **can control a high current DC motor** using relays to switch it ON/OFF and to control **clockwise (CW)** and **counter-clockwise (CCW)** rotation by reversing the polarity with an **H-Bridge** made from relays.
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+
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+---
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+
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+### How It Works: Relay-Based H-Bridge
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+
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+A DC motor reverses direction by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to its terminals. An H-Bridge uses **4 relays** to achieve this.
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+
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+---
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+
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+### Relay-Based H-Bridge Configuration (4-Relay Method)
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+
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+#### Components
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+- 4 relays (DPST or SPST) rated for motor voltage and stall current
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+- Flyback diodes across relay coils
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+- Flyback diodes across motor terminals (recommended)
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+- Control logic (manual switches or microcontroller)
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+
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+#### Operation Modes
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+
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+| Relay 1 | Relay 2 | Relay 3 | Relay 4 | Motor Direction |
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+|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------|
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+| ON | OFF | ON | OFF | Clockwise |
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+| OFF | ON | OFF | ON | Counter-Clockwise |
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+| OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | Motor OFF |
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+
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+> **Important:** Never activate relays that create a short circuit (e.g., Relay 1 and Relay 2 ON simultaneously). Use interlock logic.
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+
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+---
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+
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+### Important Considerations
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+
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+1. **Relay Ratings:** Must handle the motor's voltage and stall current (stall current can be 5–10× running current).
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+2. **Flyback Diodes:** Required across relay coils and motor terminals to protect from voltage spikes.
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+3. **Logic Interlock:** Ensure relays cannot be activated in conflicting states.
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+4. **Switching Delay:** Turn OFF all relays briefly before changing direction to avoid shorts and damage.
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+
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+---
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+
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+
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## ref
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- [[motor-dat]]
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/switching-dat/2025-06-02-22-59-30.png
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Binary files /dev/null and b/Tech-dat/acturator-dat/switching-dat/2025-06-02-22-59-30.png differ
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/switching-dat/switching-dat.md
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@@ -1,4 +1,36 @@
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-# switch-dat
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+# switching-dat
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+
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+[[ACDC-dat]] + [[speed-controller-dat]] + [[dc-gear-motor-dat]]
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+
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+
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+![](2025-06-02-22-59-30.png)
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+
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+- [[mosfet-dat]]
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+
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+
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+- switching chips:
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+
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+
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+## methods - DC
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+
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+✅ Recommended Method by Use Case
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+
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+| Use Case | Recommended Method |
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+|------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
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+| Battery disconnect / high power | DC contactor or SSR |
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+| Motor speed control (PWM) | MOSFETs with gate drivers |
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+| General-purpose switching (<10A) | Mechanical relay or SSR |
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+| High-speed switching | MOSFETs or IGBTs |
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+| Silent, wear-free switching | Solid-State Relay (SSR) |
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+
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+
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+- [[motor-driver-dat]]
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+
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+## ref
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+
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+- [[tech-dat]]
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+
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+- [[switching]]
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app-dat/speed-controller-dat/speed-controller-dat.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
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+
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+# speed-controller-dat
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+
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+AC-powered [[speed-controller-dat]]
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+
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+- [[triac-dat]]
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+
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+- [[OPMS080-dat]]
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+
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+DC-powered [[speed-controller-dat]]
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+
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+
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+
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+## ref
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+
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+- [[app-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file