Home.md
... ...
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
27 27
28 28
- [[circuits-dat]] - [[logic-dat]] - [[logic-gate-dat]] - [[buffer-dat]]
29 29
30
-- [[mechanics-dat]] - [[materials-dat]] - [[tools-dat]] - [[mechanical-tools-dat]]
30
+- [[mechanics-dat]] - [[materials-dat]] - [[tools-dat]] - [[mechanical-tools-dat]] - [[engineering-dat]]
31 31
32 32
- [[BOM-DAT]] - [[case-dat]] - [[CONN-dat]] - [[BTB-dat]] - [[transistor-dat]] - [[diode-dat]] - [[resistor-dat]] - [[mosfet-dat]]
33 33
materials-dat/materials-dat.md
... ...
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
11 11
12 12
- [[coating-dat]] - [[thermal-insulation-coating-dat]]
13 13
14
+- [[oil-dat]] - [[oil-mineral-dat]]
15
+
14 16
15 17
## ref
16 18
materials-dat/oil-dat/oil-cutting-dat/oil-cutting-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
1
+
2
+# oil-cutting-dat
3
+
4
+## 切削液（Cutting Fluid / Metalworking Fluid）的用途与种类
5
+
6
+---
7
+
8
+## 一、切削液的主要用途（What is it used for）
9
+
10
+### 1️⃣ 冷却（Cooling）
11
+- 带走切削区热量
12
+- 防止工件烧蓝、变形
13
+- 延长刀具寿命
14
+
15
+### 2️⃣ 润滑（Lubrication）
16
+- 降低刀具与工件摩擦
17
+- 减少粘刀、积屑瘤
18
+- 改善表面光洁度
19
+
20
+### 3️⃣ 排屑与清洗（Chip removal & Cleaning）
21
+- 冲走切屑
22
+- 防止切屑二次划伤
23
+- 保持加工区清洁
24
+
25
+### 4️⃣ 防锈防腐（Corrosion protection）
26
+- 防止机床、工件生锈
27
+- 对停机或存放尤为重要
28
+
29
+---
30
+
31
+## 二、切削液的主要种类（Types of cutting fluids）
32
+
33
+### 1️⃣ 油基切削液（Oil-based Cutting Fluid）
34
+**英文**：Cutting oil
35
+
36
+**特点**
37
+- 润滑性最好
38
+- 冷却能力较弱
39
+- 不易挥发
40
+
41
+**适用**
42
+- 攻丝、拉削、深孔钻
43
+- 不锈钢、合金钢
44
+
45
+**缺点**
46
+- 易产生油雾
47
+- 清洁性差
48
+
49
+---
50
+
51
+### 2️⃣ 乳化型切削液（Emulsion / Soluble oil）
52
+**英文**：Emulsion cutting fluid
53
+
54
+**特点**
55
+- 油 + 水（乳白色）
56
+- 冷却和润滑平衡
57
+- 成本低
58
+
59
+**适用**
60
+- 车削、铣削、钻孔
61
+- 碳钢、铸铁、铝合金
62
+
63
+**缺点**
64
+- 需定期维护
65
+- 易滋生细菌
66
+
67
+---
68
+
69
+### 3️⃣ 半合成切削液（Semi-synthetic）
70
+**英文**：Semi-synthetic cutting fluid
71
+
72
+**特点**
73
+- 少量矿物油 + 合成成分
74
+- 冷却性好，清洁度高
75
+- 气味小
76
+
77
+**适用**
78
+- CNC 加工
79
+- 多材料混合加工
80
+
81
+---
82
+
83
+### 4️⃣ 全合成切削液（Synthetic cutting fluid）
84
+**英文**：Synthetic cutting fluid
85
+
86
+**特点**
87
+- 不含矿物油（透明）
88
+- 冷却性能最好
89
+- 清洁、环保
90
+
91
+**适用**
92
+- 高速切削
93
+- 磨削、不锈钢、铝
94
+
95
+**缺点**
96
+- 润滑性不如油基
97
+
98
+---
99
+
100
+### 5️⃣ 极压切削液（EP cutting fluid）
101
+**英文**：Extreme-pressure cutting fluid
102
+
103
+**特点**
104
+- 含硫、磷、氯极压添加剂
105
+- 抗高负载能力强
106
+
107
+**适用**
108
+- 攻丝、拉削、齿轮加工
109
+- 高强度钢、不锈钢
110
+
111
+⚠️ **注意**
112
+- 含氯产品对某些材料（如钛）不友好
113
+
114
+---
115
+
116
+## 三、按使用方式分类
117
+
118
+| 类型 | 英文 | 说明 |
119
+|----|----|----|
120
+| 浇注式 | Flood cooling | 大量冷却 |
121
+| 喷雾式 | Mist cooling | 用量少 |
122
+| 微量润滑 | MQL | 少量高效 |
123
+| 干切 | Dry cutting | 无切削液 |
124
+
125
+---
126
+
127
+## 四、简单选用建议
128
+
129
+- **不锈钢 / 攻丝** → 油基 / 极压切削液
130
+- **铝合金** → 乳化型 / 全合成
131
+- **高速加工 / 磨削** → 全合成
132
+- **普通钢** → 乳化型
133
+
134
+---
135
+
136
+## 一句话总结
137
+> **冷却靠水，润滑靠油，重载靠极压**
138
+
139
+
140
+
141
+## ref
142
+
143
+- [[oil-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
materials-dat/oil-dat/oil-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
1
+
2
+# oil-dat
3
+
4
+- [[oil-mineral-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
materials-dat/oil-dat/oil-mineral-dat/oil-mineral-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# oil-mineral-dat.md
4
+
5
+- [[oil-soaking-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+## Mineral Oil vs Air: Thermal Conductivity & Cooling Performance Comparison
9
+
10
+### 1. Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)
11
+| Medium | Thermal Conductivity | Meaning |
12
+|---------------|----------------------|---------|
13
+| **Air** | ~0.024 | Very low heat transfer |
14
+| **Mineral Oil** | ~0.12–0.15 | About 5–6× better than air |
15
+
16
+**Conclusion:**
17
+Mineral oil transfers heat better than air *through direct conduction*.
18
+
19
+---
20
+
21
+### 2. Heat Capacity (kJ/kg·K)
22
+| Medium | Heat Capacity | Meaning |
23
+|---------------|---------------|---------|
24
+| **Air** | ~1.0 | Low heat storage |
25
+| **Mineral Oil** | ~1.6–2.0 | Can absorb more heat per unit mass |
26
+
27
+**Conclusion:**
28
+Mineral oil absorbs more heat before increasing temperature.
29
+
30
+---
31
+
32
+### 3. Convection (Cooling by Moving Fluid)
33
+#### Air
34
+- Very low viscosity → moves easily
35
+- Natural convection is strong
36
+- Fans blow heat away efficiently
37
+**Air = Good for passive cooling**
38
+
39
+#### Mineral Oil
40
+- High viscosity → moves slowly
41
+- Natural convection is weak
42
+- If not pumped, heat accumulates near the chip
43
+**Oil = Poor natural convection unless circulated**
44
+
45
+---
46
+
47
+### 4. Real-World Cooling Performance
48
+
49
+#### With active flow (fan/pump)
50
+**Mineral Oil > Air**
51
+- Lower operating temperature
52
+- Used in oil-cooled servers & transformers
53
+
54
+#### With no movement (sealed container)
55
+**Mineral Oil < Air**
56
+- Heat gets trapped around components
57
+- Components overheat in small electronics
58
+- Can cause long-term damage to chips & capacitors
59
+
60
+---
61
+
62
+### 5. Final Conclusions
63
+
64
+- **For passive cooling:**
65
+ Air cools better because it convects well.
66
+
67
+- **For active cooling (oil pump or circulation):**
68
+ Mineral oil cools better due to superior conduction & heat absorption.
69
+
70
+- **For small electronics in still oil:**
71
+ Mineral oil can **cause overheating**, because heat cannot escape from the local area.
72
+
73
+
74
+## cool
75
+
76
+### Can a Normal Computer Fan Run in Mineral Oil?
77
+
78
+#### ✅ 1. Yes, a standard PC fan can operate in mineral oil
79
+- Mineral oil is **non-conductive** → does not short-circuit electronics.
80
+- Many hobbyists run **oil-submerged PCs** with normal fans.
81
+- Brushless DC fans generally continue spinning fine in oil.
82
+
83
+---
84
+
85
+#### ⚠️ 2. BUT: The fan's **speed will decrease a lot**
86
+Reason:
87
+- Oil is ~800× denser than air.
88
+- The blades have to "push" thick oil → heavy resistance.
89
+
90
+Typical results:
91
+- A 120 mm fan normally spins at 1200–2000 RPM in air.
92
+- In mineral oil, it may drop to **100–300 RPM** (or even stall).
93
+
94
+So it *moves oil*, but **slowly**.
95
+
96
+---
97
+
98
+#### ⚠️ 3. Fan lifespan will be shorter
99
+Problems you may encounter:
100
+- Motor works harder → more heat.
101
+- Oil may seep into bearings → increase friction.
102
+- Rubber seals may swell over time.
103
+
104
+It may still last **months to years**, but not as long as in air.
105
+
106
+---
107
+
108
+#### ⚠️ 4. The fan moves OIL, not AIR
109
+In oil:
110
+- No airflow.
111
+- Instead you get **liquid circulation**, which is good for cooling.
112
+
113
+But:
114
+- Movement is much slower.
115
+- Large fans are more effective than small ones.
116
+
117
+
118
+## ref
119
+
120
+- [[mechanics-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/mechanics-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
3 3
4 4
- [[fab-dat]] - [[case-dat]]
5 5
6
+- [[engineering-dat]]
7
+
6 8
7 9
- [[Rivet-dat]] - [[Expansion-bolt-dat]]
8 10
mechanics-dat/oil-mineral-dat/oil-mineral-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# oil-mineral-dat.md
4
-
5
-- [[oil-soaking-dat]]
6
-
7
-
8
-## Mineral Oil vs Air: Thermal Conductivity & Cooling Performance Comparison
9
-
10
-### 1. Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)
11
-| Medium | Thermal Conductivity | Meaning |
12
-|---------------|----------------------|---------|
13
-| **Air** | ~0.024 | Very low heat transfer |
14
-| **Mineral Oil** | ~0.12–0.15 | About 5–6× better than air |
15
-
16
-**Conclusion:**
17
-Mineral oil transfers heat better than air *through direct conduction*.
18
-
19
----
20
-
21
-### 2. Heat Capacity (kJ/kg·K)
22
-| Medium | Heat Capacity | Meaning |
23
-|---------------|---------------|---------|
24
-| **Air** | ~1.0 | Low heat storage |
25
-| **Mineral Oil** | ~1.6–2.0 | Can absorb more heat per unit mass |
26
-
27
-**Conclusion:**
28
-Mineral oil absorbs more heat before increasing temperature.
29
-
30
----
31
-
32
-### 3. Convection (Cooling by Moving Fluid)
33
-#### Air
34
-- Very low viscosity → moves easily
35
-- Natural convection is strong
36
-- Fans blow heat away efficiently
37
-**Air = Good for passive cooling**
38
-
39
-#### Mineral Oil
40
-- High viscosity → moves slowly
41
-- Natural convection is weak
42
-- If not pumped, heat accumulates near the chip
43
-**Oil = Poor natural convection unless circulated**
44
-
45
----
46
-
47
-### 4. Real-World Cooling Performance
48
-
49
-#### With active flow (fan/pump)
50
-**Mineral Oil > Air**
51
-- Lower operating temperature
52
-- Used in oil-cooled servers & transformers
53
-
54
-#### With no movement (sealed container)
55
-**Mineral Oil < Air**
56
-- Heat gets trapped around components
57
-- Components overheat in small electronics
58
-- Can cause long-term damage to chips & capacitors
59
-
60
----
61
-
62
-### 5. Final Conclusions
63
-
64
-- **For passive cooling:**
65
- Air cools better because it convects well.
66
-
67
-- **For active cooling (oil pump or circulation):**
68
- Mineral oil cools better due to superior conduction & heat absorption.
69
-
70
-- **For small electronics in still oil:**
71
- Mineral oil can **cause overheating**, because heat cannot escape from the local area.
72
-
73
-
74
-## cool
75
-
76
-### Can a Normal Computer Fan Run in Mineral Oil?
77
-
78
-#### ✅ 1. Yes, a standard PC fan can operate in mineral oil
79
-- Mineral oil is **non-conductive** → does not short-circuit electronics.
80
-- Many hobbyists run **oil-submerged PCs** with normal fans.
81
-- Brushless DC fans generally continue spinning fine in oil.
82
-
83
----
84
-
85
-#### ⚠️ 2. BUT: The fan's **speed will decrease a lot**
86
-Reason:
87
-- Oil is ~800× denser than air.
88
-- The blades have to "push" thick oil → heavy resistance.
89
-
90
-Typical results:
91
-- A 120 mm fan normally spins at 1200–2000 RPM in air.
92
-- In mineral oil, it may drop to **100–300 RPM** (or even stall).
93
-
94
-So it *moves oil*, but **slowly**.
95
-
96
----
97
-
98
-#### ⚠️ 3. Fan lifespan will be shorter
99
-Problems you may encounter:
100
-- Motor works harder → more heat.
101
-- Oil may seep into bearings → increase friction.
102
-- Rubber seals may swell over time.
103
-
104
-It may still last **months to years**, but not as long as in air.
105
-
106
----
107
-
108
-#### ⚠️ 4. The fan moves OIL, not AIR
109
-In oil:
110
-- No airflow.
111
-- Instead you get **liquid circulation**, which is good for cooling.
112
-
113
-But:
114
-- Movement is much slower.
115
-- Large fans are more effective than small ones.
116
-
117
-
118
-## ref
119
-
120
-- [[mechanics-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file