dev

-- [[KF15EDG-dat]]

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-# Flanged-bearing-dat.md

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-如 LMK、LMEK、LMF、LMEF、LMH 等系列，它们有法兰盘，易于安装。

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-# BMS-dat

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-- [[passive-BMS-dat]] - [[active-BMS-dat]]

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-- [[fast-charge-methods-dat]] - [[USB-PD-dat]]

-

-

-## 3. Protection Features

-

-Look for these essential protections:

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-| Protection Type | Description |

-|--------------------------|----------------------------------------|

-| Overcharge protection | Stops charging if cell voltage too high|

-| Overdischarge protection | Prevents deep discharge that damages cells |

-| Overcurrent protection | Cuts off current if it exceeds safe limits |

-| Short circuit protection | Immediate cutoff on short circuit detection |

-| Balancing | Balances cells to keep voltages equal (especially important for multi-cell packs) |

-| Temperature protection | Monitors temperature to avoid overheating |

-

-- also check the board's temperature rising when dishcarging

-

-## 🔋 Active vs. Passive BMS

-

-A **Battery Management System (BMS)** monitors and protects battery packs, especially lithium-based ones, from overcharging, overdischarging, and overheating. It also performs **cell balancing** to maintain consistent voltage across cells.

-

-

-

----

-

-### ✅ 1. Passive BMS

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-#### 🔧 How It Works:

-- **Dissipates excess energy** from high-voltage cells as **heat** using resistors.

-- Bleeds off charge from full cells so others can catch up during charging.

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-#### ⚙️ Features:

-- Simple and inexpensive

-- Uses resistors and MOSFETs

-- Common in e-bikes, power tools, and budget battery systems

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-#### ⚠️ Downsides:

-- Wastes energy

-- Balancing is slower

-- Less efficient for large or high-performance systems

-

----

-

-### ✅ 2. Active BMS

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-#### 🔧 How It Works:

-- **Transfers charge** from higher-voltage cells to lower-voltage ones using capacitors, inductors, or DC-DC converters.

-- Recycles energy instead of burning it off.

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-#### ⚙️ Features:

-- High efficiency

-- Faster, more accurate balancing

-- Used in electric vehicles (EVs), drones, and large battery banks

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-#### ⚠️ Downsides:

-- More complex and expensive

-- Requires advanced control circuitry

-

----

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-### 🔄 Summary Table

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-| Feature | **Passive BMS** | **Active BMS** |

-| ------------------ | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |

-| Energy Handling | Dissipates as heat | Transfers charge between cells |

-| Efficiency | Low | High |

-| Complexity | Simple | Complex |

-| Cost | Low | High |

-| Speed of Balancing | Slow | Fast |

-| Common Use Cases | E-bikes, power tools, small packs | EVs, solar storage, high-end systems |

-

----

-

-### 🤔 Which Should You Use?

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-- **Passive BMS**: Ideal for small to medium systems with basic balancing needs.

-- **Active BMS**: Best for large, high-value, or performance-critical battery systems.

-

-

-## BMS Charging

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-🔌 Can I Use a 12V AC-DC Plug to Charge a 3S1P Lithium Battery Pack with BMS?

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-### 🔋 Battery Overview: 3S1P Lithium-Ion Pack

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-- **3S** = 3 cells in series → 3.7V × 3 = **11.1V nominal**

-- **Full charge voltage** = 4.2V × 3 = **12.6V**

-- **Charging voltage required**: **12.6V constant voltage (CV)**

-- **Typical charging current**: 1A–2A (depending on cell & BMS)

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----

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-### ⚠️ Can You Use a 12V AC-DC Plug?

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-| **Plug Output Voltage** | **Can You Use It?** | **Explanation** |

-| ------------------------ | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |

-| **12.0V** | ⚠️ Not ideal | Will undercharge the pack (only ~90–95% full) |

-| **12.6V regulated** | ✅ Yes | Perfect match for 3S lithium pack |

-| **>12.6V (e.g., 13.8V)** | ❌ No | May overcharge and damage the battery/BMS |

-| **Unregulated output** | ❌ No | Unsafe — may exceed safe voltage limits |

-

----

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-### ✅ Best Practice: Use a Dedicated 3S Lithium Charger

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-- **Output Voltage**: 12.6V DC (constant voltage)

-- **Current Limit**: 1A–2A (match your BMS and battery spec)

-- **Charging Profile**: CC/CV (Constant Current / Constant Voltage)

-

----

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-### 🔐 Role of the BMS

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-- Provides **protection** (overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, etc.)

-- **Does NOT regulate** the input voltage

-- **Still requires** a proper 12.6V charger to function safely

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----

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-### ✅ Summary

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-- You **can** charge your 3S1P pack with a **regulated 12.6V charger**.

-- A **standard 12.0V plug** is **not recommended** — it won’t fully charge the battery.

-- Avoid any charger **above 12.6V** unless it’s specifically designed for lithium charging.

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-### Charger

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-| Requirement | Needed? | Why |

-| ---------------------- | ------- | ------------------------------------- |

-| Smart chip like TP4056 | ❌ No | Your **BMS provides safety features** |

-| Proper voltage (12.6V) | ✅ Yes | Essential for full charge |

-| Current limiting | ✅ Yes | Prevents overheating or stress |

-| CC/CV charging | ✅ Yes | Ensures correct lithium charging |

-

-

-## Single Cell Protection solution

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-### A1870 + 3GJG (bad quality combination)

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-A1870 - [[uc1870+ver1_x76b.pdf]]

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-G3JQ - S8261 - [[S8261_E.pdf]]

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-

-

-### DW01 + FM8205

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-### protection board

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-- [[week-4-8-dat]]

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-

-

-## Precautions before applying BMS:

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-1. Before installing the protection board, make sure the batteries are matched:

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-- the voltage difference between each battery should not exceed 0.05V,

-- the internal resistance difference should not exceed 5mΩ

-- and the capacity difference should be less than 30mAh.

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-The smaller the voltage difference between the batteries, the better the performance of the protection board.

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-2. Connect the batteries in parallel first, then in series, and ensure correct welding (use nickel strips for spot welding on 18650 batteries, and solder for other batteries).

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-Never use screws to fasten them, as this may damage the IC of the protection board.

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-3. If you are replacing the protection board on old batteries, please check whether the batteries are in good condition before purchasing.

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-4. During installation, use a multimeter to check whether the voltage of each battery in the series is the same.

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-If the voltage difference exceeds 1.0V, it may indicate a fault such as poor range, power cut-off at startup, or short charging time, which are often caused by battery cell issues.

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-A protection board fault typically results in: inability to charge, or the battery has voltage but cannot discharge.

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-

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-## example BMS for 3S1P 18650

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-[[18650-dat]]

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-### ⚙️ What is a 3S1P Pack?

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-- **3S** = 3 cells in **series** → 11.1V nominal (12.6V fully charged)

-- **1P** = 1 cell in **parallel** → Capacity = 1 cell's capacity

-- Common cell type: **18650** or **LiPo pouch**

- - Example: 18650, 3.7V, 3000mAh, max 5A–10A discharge

-

----

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-### ✅ Recommended BMS Current Ratings

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-| **Battery Type** | **Max Cell Discharge** | **Recommended BMS Current** |

-| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------- |

-| Standard 18650 (3A–5A) | 5A–10A | 10A–15A |

-| High-Drain 18650 (10A) | 10A–15A | 15A–20A |

-| LiPo Pouch (10C+) | Varies | 15A+ |

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-> ⚠️ Tip: Choose a BMS with a **trip current slightly above** your system's max current (about 1.2×).

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----

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-### 🔐 Ideal Protection Settings

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-- **Continuous current**: 10–15A

-- **Overcurrent trip**: 20–25A

-- **Short-circuit protection**: Yes (fast cut-off)

-- **Overvoltage cutoff**: ~4.25V/cell

-- **Undervoltage cutoff**: ~2.5V/cell

-- **Charge current**: ~5A or as per charger rating

-

-

-## 🔧 Example

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-If using 3000mAh 18650 cells rated at 10A max:

-- **Use BMS rated for 10A–15A continuous**

-- **Trip limit around 20A–25A**

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-## ref

-

-

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-- [[BMS]] - [[battery]]

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-# active-BMS-dat

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-# active-battery-balancing-board-dat

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-An **active battery balancing board** for lithium batteries ensures that all cells in a battery pack maintain the same voltage level during charging and discharging. It actively redistributes energy between cells, transferring charge from higher-voltage cells to lower-voltage ones. This helps:

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-- **Improve Battery Life**: Prevents overcharging or over-discharging of individual cells, reducing wear and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

-- **Enhance Performance**: Ensures consistent voltage across cells, improving the efficiency and reliability of the battery.

-- **Increase Safety**: Reduces the risk of overheating, overcharging, or cell failure due to imbalances.

-- **Optimize Capacity**: Maximizes the usable capacity of the battery pack by ensuring all cells are equally charged.

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-This is especially important in applications like electric vehicles, power tools, and energy storage systems.

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-

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-## capacitive type active BMS

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-- 电容式主动均衡板

-- 修电池组压差·

-- 恢复电池组容量·

-- 延长电池组寿命

-- 24小时不间断·

-- 自动启动·

-- 整体均衡

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-

-

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-## basic active charger

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-### 2S version

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-

-

-The diagram below shows the module discharge. The battery is a 2-series configuration, and the connected batteries must support a 20A discharge current. This can be achieved by connecting batteries in parallel or by purchasing batteries with a higher discharge current.

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-For example, if the battery is 2000mAh with a 10C discharge rate, then only 2 series and 2 parallel (2S2P) are needed, which can provide a discharge current of 40A.

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-For stable discharge, 2 series and 4 parallel (2S4P) are required, and attention should be paid to heat dissipation, as the battery power will drop quickly during discharge.

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-

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-- To successfully start an electric drill, you need two 10C-20C power batteries, or four 5C-10C power batteries (recommended battery models: Sony VTC4S, VTC4A, VTC5, VTC6). For the 0V and 8.4V connection wires, use copper wires of at least 2 square millimeters (do not use strips).

-- When welding the battery for the first time, you need to charge it first to get output. Strictly follow the diagram to connect 0V, 4.2V, and 8.4V. When welding wires, do not touch any components on the board, and do not intentionally short-circuit.

-- When welding the battery for the first time or while charging, as long as any single cell exceeds 4.2V, the "430" resistor will heat up to discharge (discharge stops when it drops to about 4.19V). If the "430" resistor becomes very hot (too hot to touch), please check if the wiring is incorrect.

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-#### 故障处理：

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-| Fault Phenomenon | Fault Check & Cause |

-|--------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

-| Cannot charge | Measure the voltage of 3 battery groups. If any group exceeds about 4.25V, the protection board triggers overcharge protection. |

-| Cannot discharge | Measure the voltage of 4 battery groups. If any group drops below about 2.5V, the protection board triggers over-discharge protection. |

-| Charging/discharging fails | OV, 4.2V, 8.4V wires are connected incorrectly. |

-| Overcharge/over-discharge fails | OV, 4.2V, 8.4V wires are connected incorrectly. |

-| Discharge protection | Check if the battery pack has sufficient discharge capability. |

-| Cold solder joint | Check if the load's starting current exceeds the protection board's overcurrent protection current. |

-| Solder bridge | One pin of a component is not connected to the PCB pad, or two or more pins are shorted together. |

-| ESD breakdown A | When powered off, measure MOSFET G, D, S pins. If the forward and reverse resistance between any two pins is 0Ω, it is broken down. |

-| ESD breakdown B | Remove the MOSFET and measure resistance between G-D and G-S. If resistance exists, it is broken down. Normally, resistance should be

-

-

-### 3S version

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-

-

-note

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-1. Strictly follow the diagram to connect 0V, 4.2V, 8.4V, and 12.6V. Be careful to check for short circuits.

-2. When connecting 3 battery groups in series, make sure each group has the same voltage. If not, fully charge each group separately before connecting them in series. During discharge testing, the group whose voltage drops quickly is the bad battery—replace it with a good one.

-3. Never mix good and bad batteries together, and do not mix new and old batteries.

-4. To successfully start an electric drill, you need three 15C-20C power batteries, or six 10C-15C power batteries (ordinary 18650 batteries cannot start an electric drill!!!).

-5. For loads with brushed motors, you must connect a non-polarized capacitor (rated voltage above 25V, capacity 10uF-100uF) in parallel at the motor's positive and negative terminals to prevent reverse voltage spikes from the motor from interfering with the protection board or

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-

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-## ref

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-- [[BMS-dat]]

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-# 2S-lithium-battery-charger-dat

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-## IF the 2S pack battery does NOT have the BMS board

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-These chargers are designed to charge 2S packs with balanced charging and proper voltage/current control.

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-🔧 Example:

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-IMAX B6 or similar smart chargers

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-Connect via the main power plug and balance plug (JST-XH, for example)

-

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-## IF the 2S pack battery has the BMS board

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-== BMS (Battery Management System) + DC Power Supply

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-

-- need 2S BMS == 2S 锂电池保护板（BMS）

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-Example setup:

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-Use an 8.4V Li-ion charger (e.g., 8.4V/1A wall charger)

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-The BMS will:

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-- Protect against overcharge

-- Balance the cells (if it's a balancing BMS)

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-

-

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-## ref

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-- [[battery-dat]]

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-# passive-BMS-dat

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-- [[BMS-dat]]

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-- [[CN3305-dat]] == 2S ~ 4S - [[CONSONANCE-dat]]

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-

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-- [[2S-lithium-battery-charger-dat]]

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-

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-## common passive BMS charger

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-- [[injoinic-dat]] - [[IP2326-dat]]

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-## ref

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-- [[BMS-dat]]