pnp-machine

+- [[export-coordinate-dat]]

+

+

+# export-coordinate-dat

+

+## Preparation

+

+1. The software's default unit is millimeters (mm), so your EDA drawing board software should also be set to millimeters, not mils.

+2. For component drawing packages, try to place the center point at the geometric center rather than at PIN1.

+3. The exported CSV file must contain:

+

+ - Designator,

+ - Footprint,

+ - Mid X,

+ - Mid Y,

+ - Ref X,

+ - Ref Y,

+ - Layer,

+ - Rotation,

+ - Comment or "Designator,

+ - Footprint,

+ - X,

+ - Y,

+ - Layer,

+ - Rotation,

+ - Comment

+

+## PCB Drawing Board Origin

+

+You must set a PCB origin position and understand where that origin is located on the PCB. We will use this in the next step when setting the PCB origin position.

+

+Generally, it is the intersection of two white lines.

+

+

+

+

+## [[altium-design-dat]] export methods

+

+the following solid-red mark is must-pick

+

+

+

+

+

+

+## LC EDA export methods

+

+

+

+

+

+## ref

+

+- [[PCB-dat]]

+# mark-point-dat

+

+## Why

+

+Mark points, also known as fiducial markers, provide common measurable points for all steps in the assembly process, ensuring that each device used for assembly can accurately locate the circuit pattern. Therefore, mark points are crucial for SMT production.

+

+The PCB must have a pair of Mark points on the diagonal of the board's long side for overall board positioning.

+

+Chips with an integrated circuit pin center distance of less than 0.65mm on the board need a pair of Mark points on the diagonal of the integrated circuit's long side for chip positioning.

+

+If both sides of the PCB have surface mount components, Mark points should be added to both sides according to this rule.

+

+## Mark Shape

+

+

+

+- **Shape**: It is recommended that the Mark point be marked as a solid circle with a diameter of D=1.0mm;

+- **A complete MAR point consists of**: a marking point (or feature point) and an empty area.

+- **Position**: Mark points are located diagonally opposite each other on a single board or panel and are as far apart as possible; it is best to distribute them at the longest diagonal position (as shown in the MAR point position diagram).

+- **Quantity requirements**: Each PCB must have at least two MAR points that meet the design requirements and can be recognized by the machine.

+- When panelizing, the relative position of the MAR points on each single board must be the same. The position of the MAR point on any single board in the panel cannot be moved for any reason.

+- The distance from the MAR point (edge of the clear area) to the PC edge must be > 5.0mm (minimum spacing requirement for machine clamping PC) (as shown in the MAR point position diagram).

+- [[PCB-dat]]

+- [[Pick-and-place-dat]]

+

+

+## Basic Knowledge ⚡⚡

+

+

+### Single Board

+A single board is the physical entity consisting of a PCB and the components placed on it. The software supports placing components on both sides of the board, referred to as the top and bottom.

+

+单板是由 PCB 及其上的元件组成的物理实体。软件支持将元件放置在电路板的两面，分别称为顶部和底部。

+

+### CSV Coordinate File

+We need to export a coordinate file from the PCB and then import it into the software. This file must be in CSV format. Currently, AD, KiCad, LCEDA (EasyEDA), and Allegro are supported. You can also submit your software format for adaptation.

+

+我们需要从 PCB 导出坐标文件，然后将其导入到软件中。此文件必须为 CSV 格式。目前，支持 AD、KiCad、LCEDA (EasyEDA) 和 Allegro。您也可以提交您的软件格式以进行适配。

+

+### Panelization

+Panelization refers to assembling multiple PCBs together. For more details on how to use panelization, click here.

+

+拼板是指将多个 PCB 组装在一起。有关如何使用拼板的更多详细信息，请单击此处。

+

+### PCB Origin

+When using EDA tools to design PCB files, it is necessary to specify an origin point. This point should be located within the PCB frame.

+

+使用 EDA 工具设计 PCB 文件时，需要指定一个原点。此点应位于 PCB 框架内。

+

+### Fiducials (MARK Points)

+Fiducials, also known as MARK points, are small markers on the PCB or panel that help the machine automatically and accurately locate the PCB or panel. MARK points are typically small circular pads with a large keep-out area and no solder paste applied. [MARK Point Settings](#) - [[mark-point-dat]]

+

+基准点，也称为 MARK 点，是 PCB 或面板上的小标记，可帮助机器自动准确地定位 PCB 或面板。MARK 点通常是带有大隔离区且未涂覆焊锡膏的小圆形焊盘。[MARK 点设置](#)

+

+### Components

+Components are specific parts placed on the board. They are typically synonymous with manufacturer part numbers. Two components with different values are considered different components. For example, a 10k 0603 resistor and a 22k 0603 resistor are different components. Each part is assigned a package.

+

+元件是放置在电路板上的特定零件。它们通常与制造商的零件编号同义。具有不同值的两个元件被认为是不同的元件。例如，10k 0603 电阻和 22k 0603 电阻是不同的元件。每个零件都分配有一个封装。

+

+### Package

+A package describes the physical attributes of a component, such as length, width, and occupied space. Many components share the same package. Examples include 0603 resistors, 0603 capacitors, SOIC-8, and TQFP-32. In the software, packages serve two main purposes:

+1. Specify the nozzle type to use.

+2. Define dimensions for visual synthesis of large components.

+

+封装描述了元件的物理属性，例如长度、宽度和占用空间。许多元件共享相同的封装。示例包括 0603 电阻器、0603 电容器、SOIC-8 和 TQFP-32。在软件中，封装有两个主要目的：

+1. 指定要使用的吸嘴类型。

+2. 定义用于大型元件视觉合成的尺寸。

+

+### Crosshairs

+Crosshairs are overlays, such as a cross or other shapes, on the camera window to help you see the center of the image.

+

+十字线是相机窗口上的叠加层，例如十字或其他形状，可帮助您查看图像的中心。

+

+### Bottom Vision

+Bottom vision refers to the upward-facing camera that uses computer vision to automatically inspect components before placement. This inspection improves placement accuracy.

+

+底部视觉是指向上看的相机，它使用计算机视觉自动检查元件，然后再进行放置。此检查提高了放置精度。

+

+### Top Vision

+Top vision refers to the downward-facing camera mounted on the head (on the left side of the head). It is used to identify fiducials and visually locate components on feeders.

+

+顶部视觉是指安装在头部（在头部的左侧）的向下看的相机。它用于识别基准点并在视觉上定位供料器上的元件。

+

+### Feeders (Feeder)

+Feeders, also known as feeders, are hardware that supplies components. This machine supports automatic feeders, cut tape feeders, visual loose components, and tray feeders. You can also build other types of feeders yourself.

+

+供料器，也称为送料器，是提供元件的硬件。该机器支持自动供料器、剪切带供料器、视觉散装元件和托盘供料器。您也可以自己构建其他类型的供料器。

+

+### Head

+The head is the part of the machine that can move in the X and Y directions. It carries the nozzle and the top vision camera.

+

+头部是机器的一部分，可以在 X 和 Y 方向上移动。它携带吸嘴和顶部视觉相机。

+

+### Nozzles (N1 and N2)

+N1 and N2 nozzles are parts of the machine that can descend to pick up components. The nozzle is the part that physically contacts the component to pick it up. The head can carry nozzles, and the nozzle tip contacts the component. A machine can have any number of nozzles.

+

+N1 和 N2 吸嘴是机器的一部分，可以下降以拾取元件。吸嘴是物理接触元件以拾取它的部分。头部可以携带吸嘴，吸嘴尖端接触元件。一台机器可以有任意数量的吸嘴。

+

+### Nozzle

+Different component sizes correspond to different nozzle models. You can specify the nozzle model for a component through its package. [Nozzle Model and Package Mapping](#)

+

+不同的元件尺寸对应于不同的吸嘴型号。您可以通过元件的封装指定吸嘴型号。[吸嘴型号和封装映射](#)

+

+### Z Height

+Z height usually refers to the distance from the nozzle to the target. You can determine this by moving the nozzle close to and contacting the target, then observing the Z value in the bottom-right status bar and entering it. Alternatively, click the software's "Get Nozzle Position" icon. Note that this value must be negative.

+

+Z 高度通常是指从吸嘴到目标的距离。您可以通过将吸嘴移动到靠近并接触目标，然后观察右下角状态栏中的 Z 值并输入它来确定这一点。或者，单击软件的“获取吸嘴位置”图标。请注意，此值必须为负数。

+

+### Component Thickness

+The height of components can be obtained using calipers or datasheets.

+

+元件的高度可以使用卡尺或数据表获得。

+

+### PCB Origin

+When designing a PCB, you need to specify a PCB origin. This origin is also the relative reference zero point for exporting CSV coordinates. Remembering this point is essential for PCB positioning.

+

+在设计 PCB 时，您需要指定一个 PCB 原点。此原点也是导出 CSV 坐标的相对参考零点。记住这一点对于 PCB 定位至关重要。

+

+### Mechanical Origin

+This is the mechanical reference point for the entire machine. All machine coordinates are based on this point, so do not change its position. The machine's origin is the cylinder next to the bottom camera. The machine automatically calibrates this point's position after each startup.

+

+这是整台机器的机械参考点。所有机器坐标都基于此点，因此请勿更改其位置。机器的原点是底部相机旁边的圆柱体。机器每次启动后都会自动校准此点的位置。

+

+### Nozzle Diameter

+This refers to the physical diameter of the nozzle. Both inner and outer diameters can be used.

+

+这是指吸嘴的物理直径。可以使用内径和外径。

+

+### Nozzle Recognition Range

+This refers to the maximum allowable deviation of the nozzle from the center of the crosshairs. This value should not be too large, as it may cause recognition errors.

+

+这是指吸嘴与十字线中心的最大允许偏差。此值不应太大，否则可能会导致识别错误。

+

+### Coordinate System

+This pick-and-place machine uses a right-hand coordinate system, which is also used in physics, mathematics, 3D graphics, and many CAD software packages. For a more formal definition of this coordinate system, refer to Wikipedia.

+

+该贴片机使用右手坐标系，该坐标系也用于物理学、数学、3D 图形和许多 CAD 软件包中。有关此坐标系的更正式定义，请参阅 Wikipedia。

+

+In this coordinate system, we stand above the machine and look down at it:

+- **X-axis**: Moves left and right. Left is negative.

+- **Y-axis**: Moves forward and backward. Backward is positive.

+- **Z-axis**: Moves up and down. Up is positive.

+- **C-axis (Rotation Axis)**: Rotates clockwise and counterclockwise. Counterclockwise is positive.

+

+在这个坐标系中，我们站在机器上方并向下看：

+- **X 轴**：左右移动。左为负。

+- **Y 轴**：前后移动。后为正。

+- **Z 轴**：上下移动。上为正。

+- **C 轴（旋转轴）**：顺时针和逆时针旋转。逆时针为正。

+

+# pnp-machine-software-dat

+

+## motion-control-dat

+

+

+

+

+

+

+## PCB page

+

+

+

+1. 导入添加PCB板

+2. 以当前位置合并多个PCB板

+3. 导出当前勾选的PCB文件（备份文件或者多台电脑间流转）

+4. 删除当前勾选的PCB文件

+5. 进入校准页面

+6. 重置当前PCB为初始数据

+7. 预览2D元件位置图，可以通过图片双击快速定位到元件（前提是需要先校准PCB位置）

+8. 是否启动当前PCB文件，当使用拼版时可以通过这个按钮禁用拼版中的某一个文件

+9. 切换PCB的贴装面，顶层/底层（底层贴装）

+10. 拼版数量和PCB间距设置

+

+

+

+

+

+1. 创建新的元件，可以手动添加创建新的元件信息

+2. 复制当前选中的元件信息

+3. 删除当前选中的元件

+4. 开始贴装当前选中的单个或者多个元件，通常用来测试某个元件贴装是否正常

+5. 连续跳转顶部视觉到下一个元件中心位置，可以通过这个按钮来观察元件位置是否准确

+6. 勾选元件，跳转到该元件的供料器页面

+7. 勾选元件，跳转到该元件的封装页面

+8. 勾选元件，为该元件创建供料器

+9. 勾选元件，为该元件创建封装

+10. 勾选元件，将顶部相机的十字光标对准想要的放置点，点击图标修改元件的坐标（修改后元件贴装位置会发生变化）

+11. 问题检查页面，检查该文件存在的所有问题

+

+## Calibration page

+

+### 基础知识

+

+PCB放置在夹具上后，机器并不能知道PCB所处的位置。我们通过找基准点的方式来矫正pcb的放置偏差。基准点校准分为两种手动和自动，自动通常使用mark圆点或者金属化过孔，高阶应用时也可以使用丝印或者方形焊盘。手动校准则一般使用对角的元器件，手动设置位置来校准。

+

+以下图片是如何设置校准方式，通过选择元件类型，可以将元件设置为手动基准和自动基准

+

+

+

+### 页面及功能介绍

+

+

+

+### 自动校准

+

+推荐等级⭐⭐⭐⭐

+分别移动到我们设置的基准元件中心，然后点击获取相机位置，然后点击应用。即可校准

+

+### 原点校准

+

+推荐等级⭐⭐

+获取PCB原点位置并且输入一个角度即可校准（不建议，此方法误差较大）

+

+### 拼版自动校准

+同上

+

+### 拼版手动校准

+选择一个基准元件，分别设置这个元件在左上，右上，右下三块PCB中的位置即可完成校准

+

+## Components page

+

+### 供料器类型

+

+#### 自动供料

+

+适用范围: 整盘元件，大批量贴装的元件。优点是送料准确，不需要频繁换料

+缺点: 上料稍慢，需要注意撕膜的松紧度，塑料编带的元件需要加垫片

+

+

+

+1. 选择元件信息，以及测试识别元件

+ - 1.1 ------如果改元件的封装没有自动匹配到合适的封装，可以通过此按钮创建。封装的意义很重要，是为了能够正确使用吸嘴型号和正确识别元件

+

+ - 1.2 ------测试吸嘴能否正确拾取元件和底部相机能否正确识别元件

+

+2. 设置元件的拾取坐标，可以通过获取相机或者吸嘴的位置来设置坐标。视频

+3. 元件在编带中相隔的距离，通常我们通过观察几个编带孔对应一个元件的方式来确定距离。例如：

+

+

+

+4. 使用计数，用来统计已送料的次数

+5. 手动控制供料器前进后退（需要设置ID号后使用）

+6. 供料器ID号填写。获取ID

+7. 默认值即可，通常不用修改

+

+

+#### 散料

+

+适用范围: 适合样板，5-20片PCB的贴装，不需要判断极性的阻容器件，部署快速

+缺点: 单次只能放置几十颗料，需要调整视觉参数

+

+#### 编带支架

+适用范围: 适合样板，5-20片PCB的贴装，可以贴装有极性的元件。也可以适用24、32编带元件的贴装，是自动供料器的一个补充

+缺点: 需要固定牢固，否则撕膜时有可能元件会跳出

+

+

+

+1.手动导入：根据图示导入前后两个编带的坐标后才可正常使用

+2.高度Z指的是吸嘴到元件的距离

+

+#### 托盘

+

+适用范围: 通常用于芯片托盘或者大型元件的托盘

+

+

+

+1.需要设置ABC三个点的坐标（元件中心），并且填入正确的行列数量才可以正常使用

+2.如果贴装的角度不对，需要更改上图中的角度参数

+3.高度Z指的是指吸嘴到元件的距离

+

+## Footprint page

+

+

+

+

+## ref

+

+- [[pnp-machine-software]] - [[pnp-machine]]

+- basic information go from here [[PNP-machine-dat]]

+