BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat/2025-03-14-20-31-28.png
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat/Electrolytic-cap-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# Electrolytic-cap-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-## electrolyte
6
-
7
-![](2025-03-14-20-31-28.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/capacitor-Electrolytic-dat/2025-03-14-20-31-28.png
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BOM-DAT/capacitor-dat/capacitor-Electrolytic-dat/capacitor-Electrolytic-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
1
+
2
+# Electrolytic-cap-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## electrolyte
6
+
7
+- [[capacitor-Tantalum-dat]]
8
+
9
+![](2025-03-14-20-31-28.png)
10
+
11
+
12
+## Electrolytic-cap-dat
13
+
14
+- 16V 470UF 体积 8*10.5MM SMD贴片电解
15
+
16
+## ref
17
+
18
+- [[capacitor-dat]]
19
+
BOM-DAT/inductor-dat/inductor-dat.md
... ...
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
29 29
30 30
## footprint
31 31
32
+- OP 1040 == 10.0x10.0mm
33
+- OP 0630 == 7.4 x 6.6 mm
34
+
32 35
- SWRH1207
33 36
- SWRB1204
34 37
- CDRH127
... ...
@@ -36,7 +39,11 @@
36 39
- CDRH74R
37 40
- CDRH4D28
38 41
- CD43
39
-- CD105
42
+- CD105
43
+- CD75 = 7.8 x 7.0 == OP 0630
44
+
45
+
46
+
40 47
- SWPA6045
41 48
- SWPA5040
42 49
- SWPA4030
BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-arrary-dat/2026-03-02-21-40-17.png
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BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-arrary-dat/2026-03-02-21-45-02.png
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BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-arrary-dat/2026-03-02-21-45-19.png
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BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-arrary-dat/mosfet-arrary-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# mosfet-arrary-dat
4
+
5
+- [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]] - [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-arrary-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+## examples
11
+
12
+
13
+2
14
+
15
+![](2026-03-02-21-45-02.png)
16
+
17
+![](2026-03-02-21-45-19.png)
18
+
19
+
20
+
21
+1
22
+
23
+front image at - [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]]
24
+
25
+![](2026-03-02-21-40-17.png)
26
+
27
+
28
+
29
+
30
+## ref
31
+
BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-dat.md
... ...
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ drive [[motor-dat]], [[LED-dat]]
5 5
6 6
control by [[arduino-dat]] - [[MCU-dat]]
7 7
8
+- [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-arrary-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[mosfet-rank-dat]]
11
+
8 12
## tech
9 13
10 14
- [[mosfet-driver-dat]] for high speed usage
BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-driver-dat/2026-03-02-21-29-03.png
... ...
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BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-driver-dat/2026-03-02-22-06-58.png
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BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-driver-dat/mosfet-driver-dat.md
... ...
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
2 2
3 3
# mosfet-driver-dat
4 4
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-arrary-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[ESC-dat]] - [[VESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[FOC-dat]]
10
+
11
+
12
+## TC4451/TC4452
13
+
14
+
5 15
TC4451/TC4452 == 12A High-Speed MOSFET Drivers
6 16
7 17
The TC4451/TC4452 are single-output MOSFET drivers. These devices are high-current buffers/drivers capable of driving large MOSFETs and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The TC4451/TC4452 have matched output rise and fall times, as well as matched leading and falling-edge propagation delay times. The TC4451/TC4452 devices also have very low crossconduction current, reducing the overall power dissipation of the device.
... ...
@@ -9,6 +19,26 @@ The TC4451/TC4452 are single-output MOSFET drivers. These devices are high-curre
9 19
- [[microchip-dat]]
10 20
11 21
22
+
23
+## FD6287 / FD6288
24
+
25
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[FD6287-dat]] - [[fortior-dat]] - [[FD6288-dat]]
26
+
27
+SCH
28
+
29
+![](2026-03-02-21-29-03.png)
30
+
31
+
32
+
33
+## EG Micro EG2106
34
+
35
+MOSFET driver IC - Low Side High Side Gate Driver IC MOSFET SOIC-8
36
+
37
+![](2026-03-02-22-06-58.png)
38
+
39
+
40
+
41
+
12 42
## ref
13 43
14 44
- [[mosfet-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
BOM-DAT/mosfet-dat/mosfet-rank-dat/mosfet-rank-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# mosfet-rank-dat
4
+
5
+HYG065N07NS1P/B - 70V/100A
6
+
7
+https://www.hestore.hu/prod_getfile.php?id=15681&srsltid=AfmBOoo57gQPqB8X-RwqrgIKHL7YuFWOXxVQigf2KxsxRVWW0RUOsAZI
8
+
9
+
10
+## ref
11
+
12
+- [[mosfet-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Board-dat/PPB/PPB1080-dat/2026-03-01-15-00-12.png
... ...
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Board-dat/PPB/PPB1080-dat/2026-03-01-15-00-49.png
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Board-dat/PPB/PPB1080-dat/2026-03-01-15-07-16.png
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Board-dat/PPB/PPB1080-dat/PPB1080-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,21 +1,36 @@
1 1
2 2
# PPB1080-dat
3 3
4
+
5
+- [[battery-dat]] - [[battery-holder-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[CR2032-holder-dat]] - [[AA-battery-holder-dat]] - [[18650-battery-holder-dat]]
8
+
9
+- [[AG3-dat]] - [[AA-battery-dat]] - [[AAA-battery-dat]]
10
+
11
+- [[CR2032-dat]] - [[CR1220-dat]]
12
+
13
+- [[AG13-dat]]
14
+
15
+
16
+
17
+
18
+
4 19
## Board map
5 20
6 21
![](2024-08-26-18-25-06.png)
7 22
8 23
- green box
9
- - 18650 battery on the backside of the baord
10
- - 2x AA
11
- - 1x AAA
24
+ - 18650 battery on the backside of the baord - [[18650-battery-holder-dat]]
25
+ - 2x AA - [[AA-battery-holder-dat]] - [[battery-AA-dat]]
26
+ - 1x AAA - [[AA-battery-holder-dat]]
12 27
13 28
- purple box
14 29
- serial connector jumper for 2x AA (will to change to 3-way jumper later)
15 30
- LED plug-in port (serial connected 1K resistor)
16 31
17 32
- red boxes and red arrows = active battery selector
18
- - AG3 x1 x2 x3
33
+ - AG3 x1 x2 x3 - [[AG3-dat]]
19 34
- AG13 x1 x2 x3
20 35
- 18650 battery, 2x AA, 1x AAA
21 36
- CR2032, CR1220
... ...
@@ -25,23 +40,47 @@
25 40
- XH2.00 port
26 41
27 42
43
+## board features
44
+
45
+- on board reverse protection for battery reverse connection protection
46
+- on board test LED
47
+- [[sensor-voltage-dat]] insertable for battery voltage monitoring
48
+
49
+
28 50
## note
29 51
52
+
53
+- **enable each battery's jumper to use it!**
54
+- **be aware the metal contact should well contact and avoid wrong contact !**
55
+
30 56
- all the series battery should be same brand, same brand new batch
31 57
- PRESS slighly hard in case the battery holder didn't hold the batteries well
32 58
- all the jumper can be used to insert voltage monitor
33
-- insert only ONE battery group once
34 59
35
-## test
36
-
37
-- AG3 = LR41H, battery drop from 2.9V to 1.6V when run the led
38 60
39 61
## demo
40 62
63
+18650 battery enable
64
+
65
+![](2026-03-01-15-00-12.png)
66
+
67
+
68
+[[CR2032-dat]] - battery enable
69
+
70
+![](2026-03-01-15-00-49.png)
71
+
72
+
73
+[[AG3-dat]] - battery enable == 2x 1.5V
74
+
75
+![](2026-03-01-15-07-16.png)
41 76
42 77
43 78
## version
44 79
80
+version 2 - fix AA battery length
81
+
82
+
83
+
45 84
## ref
46 85
47 86
- [[18650-dat]] - [[battery-dat]]
Chip-cn-dat/Espressif-dat/ESP32-S3-DAT/ESP32-S3-DAT.md
... ...
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
2 2
# ESP32-S3-dat
3 3
4 4
5
-- [[ESP32-S3-SDK-dat]] - [[ESP32-SDK-dat]] - [[ESP-SDK-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-app-DAT]]
5
+- [[ESP32-S3-SDK-dat]] - [[ESP32-SDK-dat]] - [[ESP-SDK-dat]]
6 6
7 7
8
-- [[ESP32-S3-HDK-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-chip-DAT]] - [[ESP32-S3-module-DAT]]
8
+- [[ESP32-S3-HDK-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-chip-DAT]]
9
+
10
+- [[ESP32-S3-module-DAT]] - [[ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-board-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[ESP32-S3-app-DAT]]
9 13
10 14
11 15
... ...
@@ -17,8 +21,14 @@
17 21
18 22
19 23
24
+## interface
25
+
26
+- [[interface-dat]] - [[I2S-dat]] - [[PDM-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]]
27
+
28
+- [[camera-dat]]
29
+
20 30
21
-## built-in USB JTAG
31
+### built-in USB JTAG
22 32
23 33
- [[JTAG-dat]]
24 34
Chip-cn-dat/Espressif-dat/ESP32-S3-DAT/ESP32-S3-app-DAT/ESP32-S3-app-DAT.md
... ...
@@ -5,14 +5,21 @@
5 5
6 6
- [[interface-interactive-dat]]
7 7
8
-- [[ESP32-I2S-dat]]
8
+- [[ESP32-I2S-dat]] - [[ESP32-S3-dat]]
9
+
10
+
11
+
12
+## app boards
13
+
14
+- [[ESP32-S3-eye-dat]]
15
+
9 16
10 17
11 18
12 19
13 20
## Camera Board
14 21
15
-![](XIAO_ESP32S3_ExpBoard_v1.0_SCH107-10-2025.jpg)
22
+- [[sensor-camera-dat]]
16 23
17 24
- [[MAX98357-dat]] - [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]]
18 25
... ...
@@ -22,14 +29,24 @@
22 29
23 30
- [[dcdc-down-dat]]
24 31
32
+### SCH
33
+
34
+
25 35
![](ESP32-S3-AI-CAM.jpg)
26 36
37
+![](XIAO_ESP32S3_ExpBoard_v1.0_SCH107-10-2025.jpg)
38
+
39
+
40
+
27 41
## ethernet and ADC read
28 42
29 43
- [[ADC-dat]] - [[W5500-dat]]
30 44
31 45
![](ESP32-S3-ethernet-ADC-reader-board.jpg)
32 46
47
+
48
+
49
+
33 50
## ref
34 51
35 52
- [[ESP32-S3-app]] - [[ESP32-S3]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Chip-cn-dat/Espressif-dat/ESP32-S3-DAT/ESP32-S3-module-DAT/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-dat/ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-dat.md
... ...
@@ -27,24 +27,26 @@ total pins 40
27 27
![](2025-01-06-15-45-29.png)
28 28
29 29
30
-## pis
31
-
32
-| L | | M | | R | |
33
-| ---- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | --- |
34
-| GND | | 103 | | GND | |
35
-| 3V3 | | 1046 | | I01 | |
36
-| EN | | 109 | | I02 | |
37
-| 104 | | 1010 | | TXDO | |
38
-| 105 | | 1011 | | RXD0 | |
39
-| 106 | | 1012 | | I042 | |
40
-| 107 | | 1013 | | I041 | |
41
-| 1015 | | 1014 | | I040 | |
42
-| 1016 | | 1021 | | I039 | |
43
-| 1017 | | 1047 | | I038 | |
44
-| 1018 | | 1048 | | I037 | |
45
-| 108 | | 1045 | | I036 | |
46
-| 1019 | USB | | | I035 | |
47
-| 1020 | USB | | | I00 | |
30
+## pis template
31
+
32
+- [[ESP32-APP-dat]] - [[OV3660-dat]] - chip pin [[ESP32-S3-chip-DAT]]
33
+
34
+| L | | M | | R | |
35
+| ---- | ----- | ---- | ----- | ---- | ----- |
36
+| GND | | 103 | strap | GND | |
37
+| 3V3 | | 1046 | strap | I01 | |
38
+| EN | | 109 | | I02 | |
39
+| 104 | | 1010 | | TXDO | |
40
+| 105 | | 1011 | | RXD0 | |
41
+| 106 | | 1012 | | I042 | |
42
+| 107 | | 1013 | | I041 | |
43
+| 1015 | 32K_P | 1014 | | I040 | |
44
+| 1016 | 32K_N | 1021 | | I039 | |
45
+| 1017 | | 1047 | | I038 | |
46
+| 1018 | | 1048 | | I037 | |
47
+| 108 | | 1045 | strap | I036 | |
48
+| 1019 | USB | | | I035 | |
49
+| 1020 | USB | | | I00 | flash |
48 50
49 51
50 52
Chip-cn-dat/Fortior-dat/FD6287-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# FD6287-dat.md
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+- FD6287T 是一款集成了三个独立的半桥栅极驱动集成电路芯片，专为高压、高速驱动 MOSFET 设计，可在高达+250V 电压下工作。
8
+- FD6287T 内置 VCC/VBS 欠压（UVLO）保护功能，防止功率管在过低的电压下工作。
9
+- FD6287T 内置直通防止和死区时间，防止被驱动的高低侧 MOSFET 直通，有效保护功率器件。
10
+- FD6287T 内置输入信号滤波，防止输入噪声干扰。
11
+
12
+Fortior Tech FD6287T - Three-phase 250V gate driver
13
+
14
+
15
+
16
+## ref
17
+
18
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[FD6287-dat]] - [[fortior-dat]] - [[FD6288-dat]]
Chip-cn-dat/Fortior-dat/FD6288-dat/2026-03-02-21-46-54.png
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Chip-cn-dat/Fortior-dat/FD6288-dat/FD6288-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
1
+
2
+# FD6288-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[FD6287-dat]] - [[fortior-dat]] - [[FD6288-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+![](2026-03-02-21-46-54.png)
10
+
11
+
12
+- FD6288 是一款集成了三个独立的半桥栅极驱动集成电路芯片，专为高压、高速驱动MOSFET 设计，可在高达+250V 电压下工作。
13
+- FD6288 内置 VCC/VBS欠压（UVLO）保护功能，防止功率管在过低的电压下工作。
14
+- FD6288 内置直通防止和死区时间，防止被驱动的高低侧 MOSFET 直通，有效保护功率器件。
15
+- FD6288 内置输入信号滤波，防止输入噪声干扰。
16
+
17
+
18
+## ref
19
+
Chip-cn-dat/Fortior-dat/Fortior-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+# Fortior-dat
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[FD6287-dat]] - [[fortior-dat]] - [[FD6288-dat]]
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
Chip-cn-dat/ZILLTEK-dat/2026-03-02-16-52-46.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/Chip-cn-dat/ZILLTEK-dat/2026-03-02-16-52-46.png differ
Chip-cn-dat/ZILLTEK-dat/ZILLTEK-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# ZILLTEK-dat
4
+
5
+- [[mems-dat]] - [[zilltek-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[I2S-dat]]
8
+
9
+MSM261DGT003
10
+
11
+![](2026-03-02-16-52-46.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Chip-cn-dat/linkmems-dat/2026-03-02-17-33-21.png
... ...
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Chip-cn-dat/linkmems-dat/2026-03-02-17-33-36.png
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Chip-cn-dat/linkmems-dat/linkmems-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# linkmems-dat.md
4
+
5
+![](2026-03-02-17-33-21.png)
6
+
7
+![](2026-03-02-17-33-36.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Chip-cn-dat/mems-dat/2026-03-02-16-56-12.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/Chip-cn-dat/mems-dat/2026-03-02-16-56-12.png differ
Chip-cn-dat/mems-dat/MSM261S4030H0R-dat/MSM261S4030H0R-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
1 1
2
-# MSM261S4030H0R-dat
2
+#
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-I2S]]
3 8
4 9
MSM261S4030H0R
5 10
Chip-cn-dat/mems-dat/mems-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,4 +1,38 @@
1 1
2 2
# mems-dat
3 3
4
-MEMS(敏芯微)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+- [[mems-dat]] - [[zilltek-dat]] - [[linkmems-dat]]
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-analog-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[I2S-dat]] - [[PDM-dat]]
8
+
9
+MEMS(敏芯微)
10
+
11
+
12
+
13
+
14
+- [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]]
15
+
16
+
17
+- [[mems-dat]] - [[PDM-dat]]
18
+
19
+
20
+## MSM261 DGT003
21
+
22
+
23
+
24
+
25
+
26
+## MSM261 3526H1CPM SCH
27
+
28
+![](2026-03-02-16-56-12.png)
29
+
30
+
31
+
32
+## ref
33
+
34
+- [[MEMS]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Chip-cn-dat/xysemi-dat/2026-03-01-15-16-07.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/Chip-cn-dat/xysemi-dat/2026-03-01-15-16-07.png differ
Chip-cn-dat/xysemi-dat/xysemi-dat.md
... ...
@@ -2,14 +2,25 @@
2 2
3 3
- [[dcdc-boost-dat]] - [[xysemi-dat]]
4 4
5
-
5
+- [[capacitor-dat]]
6 6
7 7
8 8
## XR2981
9 9
10 10
https://cdn.hackaday.io/files/1829407826904960/Xysemi_XR2981.pdf
11 11
12
-The XR2981 is a high frequency, high efficiency DC to DC converter with an integrated 12A, 25mΩ power switch capable of providing an output voltage up to 24V. The fixed 600KHz allows the use of small external inductions and capacitors and provides fast transient response. It integrates Soft start, Comp,. only need few components outside. It can output 6V 3.5A、9V 2A when 3.3V Battery input and output 6V 4.5A、9V 3A when 3.6V Battery input at good heat dissipation condition
12
+3.3V~5V Input 24W Output Step-up DC/DC Converter
13
+
14
+
15
+The XR2981 is a high frequency, high efficiency DC to DC converter with an integrated 12A, 25mΩ power switch capable of providing an output voltage up to 24V.
16
+
17
+The fixed 600KHz allows the use of small external inductions and capacitors and provides fast transient response.
18
+
19
+It integrates Soft start, Comp,. only need few components outside. It can output 6V 3.5A、9V 2A when 3.3V Battery input and output 6V 4.5A、9V 3A when 3.6V Battery input at good heat dissipation condition
20
+
21
+
22
+![](2026-03-01-15-16-07.png)
23
+
13 24
14 25
![](2026-02-12-20-16-37.png)
15 26
Chip-dat/Nordic-dat/NRF5x-dat/NRF52840-dat/arduino-nano-33-ble-dat/arduino-nano-33-ble-dat.md
... ...
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ https://store.arduino.cc/products/arduino-nano-33-ble
13 13
14 14
- [[MPM3610-dat]] - [[dcdc-down-dat]] - [[MPS-dat]]
15 15
16
-- [[MP34DT06JTR-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]] - [[st-sensor-dat]] - [[I2S-microphone]]
16
+- [[MP34DT06JTR-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]] - [[st-sensor-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-I2S]]
17 17
18 18
- [[ESD-dat]] - [[USB-ESD-dat]]
19 19
Chip-dat/OmniVision-dat/OV3660-dat/2026-03-02-18-20-30.png
... ...
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Chip-dat/OmniVision-dat/OV3660-dat/2026-03-02-18-34-20.png
... ...
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Chip-dat/OmniVision-dat/OV3660-dat/OV3660-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# OV3660-dat
4
+
5
+
6
+- [[OV3660-dat]] - [[OV2640-dat]] - [[OV5640-dat]] - [[omnivision-dat]]
7
+
8
+- [[sensor-camera-dat]] - [[sensor-camera-HDK-dat]] - [[OmniVision-dat]] - [[LDO-2CH-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[ESP32-S3-dat]]
11
+
12
+
13
+## module
14
+
15
+![](2026-03-02-18-34-20.png)
16
+
17
+
18
+## SCH
19
+
20
+![](2026-03-02-18-20-30.png)
21
+
22
+
23
+| L | | M | | R | |
24
+| ---- | ----- | ---- | ------ | ---- | ----- |
25
+| GND | | 103 | strap~ | GND | |
26
+| 3V3 | | 1046 | strap0 | I01 | VSYNC |
27
+| EN | | 109 | SCL | I02 | HSYNC |
28
+| 104 | Y9 | 1010 | | TXDO | |
29
+| 105 | XMCLK | 1011 | | RXD0 | |
30
+| 106 | Y8 | 1012 | | I042 | |
31
+| 107 | Y7 | 1013 | | I041 | |
32
+| 1015 | PCLK | 1014 | Y6 | I040 | |
33
+| 1016 | Y2 | 1021 | Y4 | I039 | |
34
+| 1017 | Y5 | 1047 | | I038 | |
35
+| 1018 | Y3 | 1048 | | I037 | |
36
+| 108 | SDA | 1045 | strap0 | I036 | |
37
+| 1019 | USB | | | I035 | |
38
+| 1020 | USB | | | I00 | flash |
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+| camera | ESP32 |
43
+| ------ | --------- |
44
+| NC | |
45
+| AGND | GND |
46
+| SDA | IO8 SDA |
47
+| AVDD | 2V8 |
48
+| SCL | IO9 SCL |
49
+| RST | pull-up |
50
+| VSYNC | IO1 |
51
+| PWDN | pull-down |
52
+| HSYNC | IO2 |
53
+| DVDD | 1V5 |
54
+| DOVDD | 2V8 |
55
+| Y9 | IO4 |
56
+| XMCLK | IO5 |
57
+| Y8 | IO6 |
58
+| GND | GND |
59
+| Y7 | IO7 |
60
+| PCLK | 32K_P |
61
+| Y6 | IO14 |
62
+| Y2 | 32K_N |
63
+| Y5 | IO17 |
64
+| Y3 | IO18 |
65
+| Y4 | IO21 |
66
+| NC | |
67
+| NC | |
68
+| GND | GND |
69
+
70
+## ref
71
+
Chip-dat/OmniVision-dat/OmniVision-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,21 +3,67 @@
3 3
legacy wiki page - https://w.electrodragon.com/w/OV_Camera
4 4
5 5
6
+- [[sensor-camera-dat]] - [[sensor-camera-HDK-dat]] - [[OmniVision-dat]] - [[LDO-2CH-dat]]
7
+
6 8
## Chip Overview
7 9
10
+- [[OV3660-dat]] - [[OV2640-dat]] - [[OV5640-dat]] - [[omnivision-dat]]
11
+
12
+
13
+- [[OV3660-dat]] - [[omnivision-dat]]
14
+
15
+
8 16
- [[OV9281-dat]]
9 17
10 18
| Type | Mega pixels | Replace old version | Specs |
11 19
| -------------- | ----------- | ------------------- | --------------- |
12 20
| [[OV7670-dat]] | 30 MP | | |
13 21
| [[OV7725-dat]] | 30 MP | OV7670 | |
14
-| [[OV2640-dat]] | 200 MP | | |
22
+| [[OV2640-dat]] | 200 MP | | |
15 23
| OV2710 | 200 MP | | 1920X1080@30fps |
16 24
| OV5640 | | | |
17 25
| OV9712 | | | |
18 26
| OV9732 | | | |
19 27
20 28
29
+## common option Camera Sensor Comparison: OV2640 vs. OV3660 vs. OV5640
30
+
31
+The following table compares the three most popular image sensors used with the ESP32 and ESP32-S3 platforms.
32
+
33
+| Feature | OV2640 | OV3660 | OV5640 |
34
+| :------------------ | :------------------------ | :------------------------- | :------------------------- |
35
+| **Max Resolution** | 2 MP (1600 x 1200) | 3 MP (2048 x 1536) | **5 MP** (2592 x 1944) |
36
+| **Optical Size** | 1/4" | 1/5" | 1/4" |
37
+| **Pixel Size** | 2.2 $\mu m$ x 2.2 $\mu m$ | 1.4 $\mu m$ x 1.4 $\mu m$ | 1.4 $\mu m$ x 1.4 $\mu m$ |
38
+| **Architecture** | FSI (Front Side Illum.) | **BSI** (Back Side Illum.) | **BSI** (Back Side Illum.) |
39
+| **Interface** | DVP (Parallel) | DVP (Parallel) | DVP & MIPI |
40
+| **Max Frame Rate** | 15 fps @ UXGA | 15 fps @ QXGA | 15 fps @ QSXGA |
41
+| **720p HD Video** | N/A (Sub-sampled) | 45 fps | **60 fps** |
42
+| **1080p Video** | No | 20 fps | **30 fps** |
43
+| **Autofocus** | No (Fixed/Manual) | No (Fixed/Manual) | **Yes** (Optional AF) |
44
+| **JPEG Encoder** | Built-in | Built-in | Built-in |
45
+| **Low Light Perf.** | Average | **Excellent** | Good |
46
+| **Sensitivity** | 0.6 V/Lux-sec | 0.67 V/Lux-sec | 0.6 V/Lux-sec |
47
+| **Dynamic Range** | 50 dB | **70 dB** | 68 dB |
48
+
49
+---
50
+
51
+### Summary Recommendation
52
+
53
+* **OV2640 (The Reliable Standard):** Best for basic streaming and general IoT. It is the most widely supported sensor for the original **ESP32-CAM (AI-Thinker)** and consumes the least power.
54
+* **OV3660 (The AI/Low-Light Specialist):** Highly recommended for **ESP32-S3** projects involving computer vision or face detection. Its **BSI (Back Side Illumination)** architecture and higher dynamic range make it significantly better in dim environments.
55
+* **OV5640 (The Photographer):** Choose this if you need high-resolution still photos or QR code scanning. The **Autofocus (AF)** version is a game-changer for macro photography or reading documents. Note that it runs much hotter than the OV2640.
56
+
57
+
58
+
59
+---
60
+
61
+### Technical Implementation Tip
62
+When switching between these sensors on an ESP32, you usually only need to change the `PIXFORMAT` and `FRAMESIZE` in your `camera_config_t`. However, the **OV5640** often requires a more robust power supply (at least 500mA) to handle the peak current during initialization and autofocus.
63
+
64
+Would you like me to provide the specific initialization code for the OV5640 to enable its autofocus features?
65
+
66
+
21 67
22 68
23 69
Chip-dat/ST-dat/STM8-dat/STM8-dat.md
... ...
@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ STM8S103F3P6
19 19
20 20
STM8L052C6T6 LQFP-48 16MHz/32KB Flash/8-bit Microcontroller - MCU
21 21
22
+STM8S 005
22 23
24
+STM8S005K6CTR LQFP32
23 25
24
-
26
+STM8S003F3P6 TSSOP20
25 27
26 28
27 29
## ref
Chip-dat/TI-dat/LM-series-dat/LM-series-dat.md
... ...
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
5 5
6 6
- [[LM324-dat]] - [[LM358-dat]] - [[LM386-dat]] - [[LM393-dat]] - [[LM7705-dat]]
7 7
8
-- [[LM321-dat]] - [[LM358-dat]]
8
+- [[LM321-dat]] - [[LM358-dat]] - [[LM339-dat]]
9 9
10 10
11 11
Chip-dat/TI-dat/LM-series-dat/LM339-dat/LM339-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# LM339-dat
4
+
5
+The LM339 is a popular quad differential comparator IC featuring four independent precision voltage comparators in a single package.
6
+
7
+Designed for wide-range single ( 2 to 36V ) or dual ( +-1V to +-18V ) supply operation, it offers low input offset voltage (2mV-5mV), low supply current, and is compatible with TTL, MOS, and CMOS logic.
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
Chip-dat/avago-dat/2026-03-02-19-32-06.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/Chip-dat/avago-dat/2026-03-02-19-32-06.png differ
Chip-dat/avago-dat/apds-9960-dat.md
... ...
@@ -15,6 +15,22 @@
15 15
16 16
- [[SSL1045-dat]]
17 17
18
+## I/O Pins Configuration
19
+
20
+| Pin | Name | Type | Description |
21
+|-----|------|------|-------------|
22
+| 1 | SDA | I/O | I2C serial data I/O terminal |
23
+| 2 | INT | Output | Interrupt - open drain (active low) |
24
+| 3 | LDR | Input | LED driver input for proximity IR LED, constant current source |
25
+| 4 | LEDK | Output | LED driver LED Cathode, connect to LDR pin when using internal LED driver circuit |
26
+| 5 | LEDA | Input | LED Anode, connect to VLEDA on PCB |
27
+| 6 | GND | Power | Power supply ground. All voltages are referenced to GND |
28
+| 7 | SCL | Input | I2C serial clock input terminal - clock signal for I2C serial data |
29
+| 8 | VDD | Power | Power supply voltage |
30
+
31
+
32
+![](2026-03-02-19-32-06.png)
33
+
18 34
19 35
20 36
## APDS-9960
Tech-dat/Interface-dat/I2S-dat/I2S-dat.md
... ...
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
13 13
14 14
- [[sensor-dat]]
15 15
16
+- [[ESP32-S3-dat]]
16 17
17 18
18 19
## info
... ...
@@ -29,10 +30,47 @@ This makes I2S a popular choice for high-speed data transfer applications.
29 30
30 31
31 32
33
+### 1. Pin Mapping Logic
32 34
35
+To get this working, you simply need to map your microphone's pins to the ESP32’s I2S peripheral. Here is how they correspond:
33 36
37
+| Microphone Label | I2S Standard Name | ESP32 Function | Role |
38
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
39
+| **CLK** (or BCLK) | **SCK** (Bit Clock) | Output | The heartbeat that times every individual bit. |
40
+| **L/R** (or WS) | **WS** (Word Select) | Output | Toggles to define the start of Left/Right frames. |
41
+| **DATA** (or SD) | **SDIN** (Data In) | Input | The digital audio stream entering the ESP32. |
34 42
35 43
44
+### 2. Why "MCLK" is Missing
45
+
46
+If you are looking at ESP32 documentation, you might see a fourth signal called **MCLK (Master Clock)**.
47
+* **The Good News:** Most I2S MEMS microphones (like the INMP441 or SPH0645) do **not** require an MCLK signal. They derive their internal timing directly from the Bit Clock (CLK).
48
+* **The Setup:** You can simply leave the MCLK configuration in your code as "unused" or -1.
49
+
50
+
51
+### WS pin
52
+
53
+The WS pin stands for Word Select. In the I2S (Inter-IC Sound) protocol, it is the signal that manages the timing and "addressing" of the audio data bits.
54
+
55
+Think of it as the toggle switch that tells the receiver (like your ESP32) whether the data currently arriving belongs to the Left channel or the Right channel.
56
+
57
+That is correct. The WS pin (Word Select) is absolutely mandatory for I2S communication. You cannot skip it, leave it floating, or tie it directly to a constant voltage (GND/3.3V).
58
+
59
+If you skip the WS pin, the ESP32 will have no way of knowing:
60
+
61
+When a "word" (an audio sample) starts. Without a sync signal, the data just looks like a random, infinite string of bits.
62
+
63
+Which bit is the Most Significant Bit (MSB). Audio data is usually 16, 24, or 32 bits long. WS tells the ESP32 to "start counting" bits for a new sample.
64
+
65
+
66
+Other Common Names for WS
67
+
68
+Depending on the datasheet for your microphone or DAC, you might see the WS pin labeled as:
69
+
70
+- LRCLK (Left/Right Clock)
71
+- FS (Frame Sync)
72
+- LRCK
73
+
36 74
37 75
## chips and chips
38 76
Tech-dat/Interface-dat/I2S-dat/I2S-microphone-dat/2025-01-06-14-07-17.png
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Tech-dat/Interface-dat/I2S-dat/I2S-microphone-dat/2026-02-10-17-43-37.png
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Tech-dat/Interface-dat/I2S-dat/I2S-microphone-dat/2026-02-10-17-44-36.png
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Tech-dat/Interface-dat/I2S-dat/I2S-microphone-dat/I2S-microphone-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# I2S-microphone-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-- [[I2S-microphone-dat]] - [[buzzer-mems-dat]] - [[sensor-mems-dat]]
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-- [[ADMP404-dat]] - [[analog-device-dat]]
11
-
12
-
13
-I2S Output Digital Microphone - [[INMP441-dat]] - [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]]
14
-
15
-- [[ICS-43432-dat]] - [[ICS-43434-dat]]
16
-
17
-- [[SPH0645-dat]]
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
-- [[INMP441-dat]]
24
-
25
-![](2025-01-06-14-07-17.png)
26
-
27
-
28
-- [[MP34DT06JTR-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]] - [[st-sensor-dat]] - [[I2S-microphone]]
29
-
30
-MEMS audio sensor omnidirectional digital microphone
31
-
32
-https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/mp34dt06j.pdf
33
-
34
-![](2026-02-10-17-43-37.png)
35
-
36
-![](2026-02-10-17-44-36.png)
37
-
38
-
39
-
40
-## Common pins
41
-
42
-
43
-| model | L/R | WS | SD | SCK |
44
-| ---------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- | ---- | ----- |
45
-| explain | left/right | data-word select | DATA | clock |
46
-| [[INMP441-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
47
-| [[ICS-43434-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
48
-| [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
49
-| [[SPH0645-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
50
-
51
-
52
-## wiring reference
53
-
54
-| Signal | Connection |
55
-| ------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
56
-| SEL | unconnected (only one channel, apparently left) |
57
-| LRCL | #15 |
58
-| DOUT | #32 |
59
-| BCKL | #14 |
60
-| GND | GND |
61
-| 3V | 3V |
62
-
63
-
64
-## go advance
65
-
66
-- simultaneous data = microphones with **TDM (Time-Division Multiplexing)**
67
-
68
-
69
-
70
-
71
-## demo code for interleaved data
72
-
73
- #include <driver/i2s.h>
74
-
75
- // I2S configuration
76
- #define I2S_NUM I2S_NUM_0 // I2S port number
77
- #define SAMPLE_RATE 16000 // Sampling rate in Hz
78
- #define I2S_BCK_PIN 26 // Bit clock pin (SCK)
79
- #define I2S_WS_PIN 25 // Word select pin (WS/LRCLK)
80
- #define I2S_DATA_PIN 22 // Serial data pin (SD)
81
-
82
- #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 // Buffer size for audio data
83
-
84
- void setup() {
85
- Serial.begin(115200);
86
-
87
- // Configure I2S
88
- i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
89
- .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX), // Master receive mode
90
- .sample_rate = SAMPLE_RATE,
91
- .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT, // 32-bit data
92
- .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_RIGHT_LEFT, // Stereo format
93
- .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S,
94
- .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1, // Interrupt level 1
95
- .dma_buf_count = 4, // Number of DMA buffers
96
- .dma_buf_len = BUFFER_SIZE // DMA buffer size
97
- };
98
-
99
- // Configure I2S pins
100
- i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
101
- .bck_io_num = I2S_BCK_PIN,
102
- .ws_io_num = I2S_WS_PIN,
103
- .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
104
- .data_in_num = I2S_DATA_PIN
105
- };
106
-
107
- // Install and start I2S
108
- i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
109
- i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM, &pin_config);
110
- i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM);
111
-
112
- Serial.println("I2S initialized!");
113
- }
114
-
115
- void loop() {
116
- int32_t i2s_buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; // Buffer for interleaved audio data
117
- size_t bytes_read;
118
-
119
- // Read data from I2S
120
- i2s_read(I2S_NUM, i2s_buffer, sizeof(i2s_buffer), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
121
-
122
- // Process interleaved data
123
- size_t samples_read = bytes_read / sizeof(int32_t);
124
- for (size_t i = 0; i < samples_read; i += 2) {
125
- int32_t left_channel = i2s_buffer[i]; // Left channel (Microphone 1)
126
- int32_t right_channel = i2s_buffer[i+1]; // Right channel (Microphone 2)
127
-
128
- // Print the audio data for debugging
129
- Serial.print("Left: ");
130
- Serial.print(left_channel);
131
- Serial.print(" | Right: ");
132
- Serial.println(right_channel);
133
- }
134
- }
135
-
136
-
137
-## Other Pick
138
-
139
-LMD2718T261-OA1
140
-
141
-
142
-## Types
143
-
144
-5P
145
-
146
-ICS-43434 - 5P
147
-
148
-8P
149
-
150
-WMM7040DTHN0-8/TR = WMM7040DTHN0-8/TR
151
-
152
-LGA8
153
-
154
-
155
-
156
-## ref
157
-
158
-- [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
159
-
160
-- [[I2S-dat]] - [[I2S-microphone]] - [[I2S]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/Interface-dat/PDM-dat/PDM-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,6 +1,55 @@
1 1
2 2
# PDM-dat
3 3
4
-E32-S3 no DAC - No Problem! We'll Use PDM
5 4
6
-https://www.atomic14.com/2024/01/05/esp32-s3-no-pins
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+[[ESP32-S3-dat]]
1
+
2
+[[ESP32-S3-dat]] no DAC - No Problem! We'll Use PDM
3
+
4
+https://www.atomic14.com/2024/01/05/esp32-s3-no-pins
5
+
6
+- [[interface-dat]] - [[I2S-dat]] - [[PDM-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+### wiring
10
+
11
+Unlike standard I2S which requires 3 signal wires (BCLK, WS, DATA), **PDM only requires 2 signal wires**.
12
+
13
+| MSM261DGT003 Pin | ESP32 Pin / Connection | Function |
14
+| :--------------- | :----------------------- | :---------------------------------- |
15
+| **VDD** | **3.3V** | Power (1.8V to 3.3V supported) |
16
+| **GND** | **GND** | Ground |
17
+| **CLK** | **GPIO** (e.g., GPIO 22) | Clock signal generated by ESP32 |
18
+| **DATA** | **GPIO** (e.g., GPIO 23) | Digital audio data sent to ESP32 |
19
+| **LR** | **GND** or **3.3V** | Selection: GND = Left, 3.3V = Right |
20
+
21
+### 2. Why the "WS" Pin is Missing
22
+In PDM microphones like the MSM261DGT003:
23
+* The **CLK** pin handles the timing.
24
+* The **LR** pin is a static configuration pin (tied to GND or High).
25
+* The ESP32 knows which channel is which based on whether the data is sampled on the **rising edge** or **falling edge** of the clock.
26
+* **Because of this, you do not need a Word Select (WS) pin.**
27
+
28
+---
29
+
30
+### 3. ESP32 Software Configuration
31
+To use this specific microphone, you must tell the ESP32 to enable its internal **PDM-to-PCM decimation filter**. If you configure it as "Standard I2S," you will only hear high-pitched digital noise.
32
+
33
+**Arduino/ESP-IDF Example Configuration:**
34
+```cpp
35
+i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
36
+ .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX | I2S_MODE_PDM), // <--- MUST include I2S_MODE_PDM
37
+ .sample_rate = 44100,
38
+ .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16BIT,
39
+ .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT,
40
+ .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_STAND_I2S,
41
+ .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
42
+ .dma_buf_count = 8,
43
+ .dma_buf_len = 64,
44
+ .use_apll = false
45
+};
46
+
47
+
48
+
49
+## ref
50
+
Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/Analog-microphone-dat/Analog-microphone-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# Analog-microphone-dat
3
-
4
-- [[MAX9812-dat]]
5
-
6
-- [[Electret-Condenser-Microphone-dat]]
7
-
8
-- [[audio-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-Analog-dat/2026-03-02-16-45-11.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-Analog-dat/sensor-microphone-Analog-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
1
+
2
+# sensor-microphone-Analog-dat.md
3
+
4
+
5
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-Analog-dat]]
6
+
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+- [[MAX9812-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[Electret-Condenser-Microphone-dat]]
13
+
14
+- [[audio-dat]]
15
+
16
+
17
+
18
+
19
+## analog
20
+
21
+ZTS6216 - Ultralow Noise Microphone with Top Port and Analog Output
22
+
23
+![](2026-03-02-16-45-11.png)
24
+
25
+
26
+MSM381AKT003
27
+
28
+
29
+## ref
30
+
31
+- [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
32
+
33
+
34
+
35
+
36
+
Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-I2S-dat/2025-01-06-14-07-17.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-I2S-dat/2026-02-10-17-43-37.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-I2S-dat/2026-02-10-17-44-36.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-I2S-dat/sensor-microphone-I2S-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
1
+
2
+# sensor-microphone-I2S-dat
3
+
4
+- [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]] - [[sensor-mems-dat]]
7
+
8
+- [[buzzer-mems-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[ADMP404-dat]] - [[analog-device-dat]]
11
+
12
+
13
+I2S Output Digital Microphone - [[INMP441-dat]]
14
+
15
+- [[mems-dat]] - [[zilltek-dat]] - [[linkmems-dat]]
16
+
17
+- [x] - [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]]
18
+
19
+- MSM261 S3526
20
+
21
+- MSM321 A3729H9BP
22
+
23
+- [[ICS-43432-dat]] - [[ICS-43434-dat]]
24
+
25
+- [[SPH0645-dat]]
26
+
27
+
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+- [[INMP441-dat]]
32
+
33
+![](2025-01-06-14-07-17.png)
34
+
35
+
36
+- [[MP34DT06JTR-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]] - [[st-sensor-dat]] - [[I2S-microphone]]
37
+
38
+MEMS audio sensor omnidirectional digital microphone
39
+
40
+https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/mp34dt06j.pdf
41
+
42
+![](2026-02-10-17-43-37.png)
43
+
44
+![](2026-02-10-17-44-36.png)
45
+
46
+
47
+
48
+## Common pins
49
+
50
+
51
+| model | L/R | WS | SD | SCK |
52
+| ---------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- | ---- | ----- |
53
+| explain | left/right | data-word select | DATA | clock |
54
+| [[INMP441-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
55
+| [[ICS-43434-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
56
+| [[MSM261S4030H0R-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
57
+| [[SPH0645-dat]] | yes | yes | yes | yes |
58
+
59
+
60
+## wiring reference
61
+
62
+| Signal | Connection |
63
+| ------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
64
+| SEL | unconnected (only one channel, apparently left) |
65
+| LRCL | #15 |
66
+| DOUT | #32 |
67
+| BCKL | #14 |
68
+| GND | GND |
69
+| 3V | 3V |
70
+
71
+
72
+## go advance
73
+
74
+- simultaneous data = microphones with **TDM (Time-Division Multiplexing)**
75
+
76
+
77
+
78
+
79
+## demo code for interleaved data
80
+
81
+ #include <driver/i2s.h>
82
+
83
+ // I2S configuration
84
+ #define I2S_NUM I2S_NUM_0 // I2S port number
85
+ #define SAMPLE_RATE 16000 // Sampling rate in Hz
86
+ #define I2S_BCK_PIN 26 // Bit clock pin (SCK)
87
+ #define I2S_WS_PIN 25 // Word select pin (WS/LRCLK)
88
+ #define I2S_DATA_PIN 22 // Serial data pin (SD)
89
+
90
+ #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 // Buffer size for audio data
91
+
92
+ void setup() {
93
+ Serial.begin(115200);
94
+
95
+ // Configure I2S
96
+ i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
97
+ .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX), // Master receive mode
98
+ .sample_rate = SAMPLE_RATE,
99
+ .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_32BIT, // 32-bit data
100
+ .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_RIGHT_LEFT, // Stereo format
101
+ .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S,
102
+ .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1, // Interrupt level 1
103
+ .dma_buf_count = 4, // Number of DMA buffers
104
+ .dma_buf_len = BUFFER_SIZE // DMA buffer size
105
+ };
106
+
107
+ // Configure I2S pins
108
+ i2s_pin_config_t pin_config = {
109
+ .bck_io_num = I2S_BCK_PIN,
110
+ .ws_io_num = I2S_WS_PIN,
111
+ .data_out_num = I2S_PIN_NO_CHANGE,
112
+ .data_in_num = I2S_DATA_PIN
113
+ };
114
+
115
+ // Install and start I2S
116
+ i2s_driver_install(I2S_NUM, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
117
+ i2s_set_pin(I2S_NUM, &pin_config);
118
+ i2s_zero_dma_buffer(I2S_NUM);
119
+
120
+ Serial.println("I2S initialized!");
121
+ }
122
+
123
+ void loop() {
124
+ int32_t i2s_buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; // Buffer for interleaved audio data
125
+ size_t bytes_read;
126
+
127
+ // Read data from I2S
128
+ i2s_read(I2S_NUM, i2s_buffer, sizeof(i2s_buffer), &bytes_read, portMAX_DELAY);
129
+
130
+ // Process interleaved data
131
+ size_t samples_read = bytes_read / sizeof(int32_t);
132
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < samples_read; i += 2) {
133
+ int32_t left_channel = i2s_buffer[i]; // Left channel (Microphone 1)
134
+ int32_t right_channel = i2s_buffer[i+1]; // Right channel (Microphone 2)
135
+
136
+ // Print the audio data for debugging
137
+ Serial.print("Left: ");
138
+ Serial.print(left_channel);
139
+ Serial.print(" | Right: ");
140
+ Serial.println(right_channel);
141
+ }
142
+ }
143
+
144
+
145
+## Other Pick
146
+
147
+LMD2718T261-OA1
148
+
149
+
150
+## Types
151
+
152
+5P
153
+
154
+ICS-43434 - 5P
155
+
156
+8P
157
+
158
+WMM7040DTHN0-8/TR = WMM7040DTHN0-8/TR
159
+
160
+LGA8
161
+
162
+
163
+
164
+## ref
165
+
166
+- [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
167
+
168
+- [[I2S-dat]] - [[I2S-microphone]] - [[I2S]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-microphone-dat/sensor-microphone-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
1 1
2
-# microphone-sensor-dat
2
+# sensor-microphone-dat
3 3
4
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S-dat]] - [[microphone-Analog-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[microphone-Analog-dat]] - [[Electret-Condenser-Microphone-dat]]
7
+
8
+- [[sensor-microphone-I2S]]
4 9
5 10
6
-## boards
7 11
8
-- [[SSL1032-dat]]
9 12
13
+- [[interface-dat]] - [[I2S-dat]] - [[PDM-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
10 14
11 15
12 16
17
+## chips
13 18
14
-## types
19
+- [[mems-dat]] - [[zilltek-dat]] - [[linkmems-dat]]
15 20
16
-- [[I2S-microphone-dat]]
17 21
18
-- [[Analog-microphone-dat]] - [[Electret-Condenser-Microphone-dat]]
22
+## boards
23
+
24
+- [[SSL1032-dat]]
25
+
19 26
20 27
| Feature | Electret Condenser Microphone (ECM) | MAX9812 | ICS-41434 |
21 28
| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-motion-dat/sensor-hall-dat/2026-03-02-20-54-07.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/Sensor-dat/sensor-motion-dat/sensor-hall-dat/sensor-hall-dat.md
... ...
@@ -91,6 +91,16 @@ CC6207ST SOT-23 Omnipolar Low-Power Hall Effect Switch Sensor
91 91
92 92
93 93
94
+## integrated hall sensor in motor
95
+
96
+- 6 wires
97
+
98
+![](2026-03-02-20-54-07.png)
99
+
100
+
101
+
102
+
103
+
94 104
## ref
95 105
96 106
- [[sensor-motion-dat]]
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/ESC-dat/2025-09-13-15-48-28.png
... ...
Binary files a/Tech-dat/acturator-dat/ESC-dat/2025-09-13-15-48-28.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/ESC-dat/ESC-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# ESC-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-- [[RC-kits-dat]]
6
-
7
-
8
-- **Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)**: Controls the speed of the motors by adjusting the power supplied to them. ESCs are essential for smooth and responsive flight.
9
-
10
-
11
-![](2025-09-13-15-48-28.png)
12
-
13
-## ref
14
-
15
-- [[acturator-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/2026-03-02-20-49-56.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/2026-03-02-20-49-56.png differ
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/2026-03-02-20-55-47.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/2026-03-02-21-00-49.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/motor-brushless-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
1 1
2 2
# motor-brushless-dat.md
3 3
4
-- [[ESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]]
4
+== BLDC [[motor-BLDC-dat]]
5
+
5 6
6 7
- [[Imperial-dat]]
7 8
... ...
@@ -10,6 +11,11 @@
10 11
11 12
- [[gear-dat]] - [[thread-dat]]
12 13
14
+- [[sensor-hall-dat]]
15
+
16
+- [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]] - [[motor-brushless-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
17
+
18
+
13 19
## board
14 20
15 21
- [[SDR1106-dat]]
... ...
@@ -141,9 +147,116 @@ A "**Hall Sensor Brushless Motor**" (有感无刷有霍尔马达) refers to a **
141 147
142 148
143 149
150
+## internal of a brushelss motor
151
+
152
+![](2026-03-02-20-49-56.png)
153
+
154
+single direction control mechanism
155
+
156
+![](2026-03-02-21-00-49.png)
157
+
158
+## brushless motor with hall sensor for mobility
159
+
160
+![](2026-03-02-20-55-47.png)
161
+
162
+- A 款电机引线长 ：大约 800 MM
163
+- A 款电机重量 :2.573 KG
164
+- B 款电机引线长 ：大约 80 MM
165
+- B 款电机重量 ：2.429 KG
166
+- （电机的外壳尺寸基本一样）
167
+- 我们用一款小无刷电机驱动电机（八线）驱动电机，实测转速和电流如下：
168
+- 电压 ：DC30V
169
+ - 空载电流 :0.91 A
170
+ - 空载最高转速 :304 RPM
171
+- 电压 ：DC36V
172
+ - 空载电流 :1 A
173
+ - 空载最高转速 :365 RPM
174
+- 电压 ：DC42V
175
+ - 空载电流 :1.1 A
176
+ - 空载最高转速 :426 RPM
177
+- 电压 ：DC48V
178
+ - 空载电流 :1.2 A
179
+ - 空载最高转速 :485 RPM
180
+
181
+
182
+
183
+## apps
184
+
185
+- [[electric-scooter-dat]] - [[roller-dat]]
144 186
145 187
## ref
146 188
147 189
- [[motor-dat]]
148 190
149
-- [[BLDC]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+- [[BLDC]]
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+# Three-Phase BLDC Motor Data
8
+
9
+The common three thick motor wires (yellow, green, blue) found on electric scooters are actually:
10
+
11
+## ✅ Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) or Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
12
+
13
+Also known as:
14
+
15
+- Three-phase brushless motor
16
+- Hub Motor
17
+- Brushless DC Motor
18
+
19
+These three wires are the motor's three-phase power lines, used by the controller to drive the motor's rotation.
20
+
21
+## 🔍 Structure Features of Three-Wire Motors in Electric Scooters
22
+
23
+### 1️⃣ Three-phase windings (U / V / W phases)
24
+
25
+The usual colors are: yellow, green, blue
26
+
27
+These three phases are commutated in sequence to make the motor spin.
28
+
29
+### 2️⃣ Permanent magnet rotor (magnets inside the wheel)
30
+
31
+The center is the rotor (with magnets).
32
+
33
+Bicycles and scooters both use hub-type structures.
34
+
35
+### 3️⃣ Stator on the outer ring of the coil
36
+
37
+The motor is an outer rotor structure (the shell rotates).
38
+
39
+The stationary part is inside the coil.
40
+
41
+## ⚡ Why are there only three thick wires? Isn't that too few?
42
+
43
+It's not too few, because:
44
+
45
+These three wires are the power wires.
46
+
47
+Some motors also have Hall sensors (5 thin wires).
48
+
49
+Electric scooters usually have two types:
50
+
51
+| Type | Number of Wires | Features |
52
+|---------------------|------------------------|------------------------------------------|
53
+| Sensorless BLDC | Only 3 thick wires | Starts by induction, more vibration at low speed |
54
+| With Hall PMSM/BLDC | 3 thick + 5 thin wires | Smooth start, suitable for FOC control |
55
+
56
+## 🛴 Why do electric scooters use three-phase brushless motors?
57
+
58
+Because the advantages are obvious:
59
+
60
+- High torque
61
+- High efficiency
62
+- Silent operation
63
+- Maintenance-free (brushless, no wear)
64
+- Simple structure (directly integrated in the wheel)
65
+
66
+Almost all modern scooters (Xiaomi, Ninebot, Kaabo, etc.) use this type.
67
+
68
+
69
+## ref
70
+
71
+- [[motor-BLDC-dat]] - [[motor-hub-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-brushless-dat/motor-three-phase-BLDC-dat/motor-three-phase-BLDC-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
1
-# Three-Phase BLDC Motor Data
2
-
3
-The common three thick motor wires (yellow, green, blue) found on electric scooters are actually:
4
-
5
-## ✅ Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) or Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
6
-
7
-Also known as:
8
-
9
-- Three-phase brushless motor
10
-- Hub Motor
11
-- Brushless DC Motor
12
-
13
-These three wires are the motor's three-phase power lines, used by the controller to drive the motor's rotation.
14
-
15
-## 🔍 Structure Features of Three-Wire Motors in Electric Scooters
16
-
17
-### 1️⃣ Three-phase windings (U / V / W phases)
18
-
19
-The usual colors are: yellow, green, blue
20
-
21
-These three phases are commutated in sequence to make the motor spin.
22
-
23
-### 2️⃣ Permanent magnet rotor (magnets inside the wheel)
24
-
25
-The center is the rotor (with magnets).
26
-
27
-Bicycles and scooters both use hub-type structures.
28
-
29
-### 3️⃣ Stator on the outer ring of the coil
30
-
31
-The motor is an outer rotor structure (the shell rotates).
32
-
33
-The stationary part is inside the coil.
34
-
35
-## ⚡ Why are there only three thick wires? Isn't that too few?
36
-
37
-It's not too few, because:
38
-
39
-These three wires are the power wires.
40
-
41
-Some motors also have Hall sensors (5 thin wires).
42
-
43
-Electric scooters usually have two types:
44
-
45
-| Type | Number of Wires | Features |
46
-|---------------------|------------------------|------------------------------------------|
47
-| Sensorless BLDC | Only 3 thick wires | Starts by induction, more vibration at low speed |
48
-| With Hall PMSM/BLDC | 3 thick + 5 thin wires | Smooth start, suitable for FOC control |
49
-
50
-## 🛴 Why do electric scooters use three-phase brushless motors?
51
-
52
-Because the advantages are obvious:
53
-
54
-- High torque
55
-- High efficiency
56
-- Silent operation
57
-- Maintenance-free (brushless, no wear)
58
-- Simple structure (directly integrated in the wheel)
59
-
60
-Almost all modern scooters (Xiaomi, Ninebot, Kaabo, etc.) use this type.
61
-
62
-
63
-## ref
64
-
65
-- [[motor-BLDC-dat]] - [[motor-hub-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-dat.md
... ...
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ brushed
40 40
41 41
- [[FPV-motor-dat]]
42 42
43
-- [[motor-linear-dat]]
43
+- [[motor-linear-dat]] - [[motor-rank-dat]]
44 44
45 45
| Type | Brushed / Brushless | Key Traits | Application |
46 46
| ------------------------------ | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/2025-04-09-15-37-30.png
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1
+# servo-dat
2
+
3
+- [[servo-gimbal-dat]]
4
+
5
+- [[peripherals-dat]]
6
+
7
+- [[PWM-dat]] - [[PPM-dat]]
8
+
9
+
10
+- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[servo-HDK-dat]] - [[servo-SDK-dat]]
13
+
14
+- [[servo-360-dat]] - [[servo-rank-dat]]
15
+
16
+- [[PCA9685-dat]]
17
+
18
+- [[servo]]
19
+
20
+## tech
21
+
22
+- [[servo-DSC-dat]]
23
+
24
+## products
25
+
26
+- [[servo-rank-dat]]
27
+
28
+- Micro servo - [[SCU1030-DAT]] - [[SCU1031-dat]] == SG90 / MG90
29
+
30
+- MG995 / MG996R micro servo - [[SCU1012-DAT]] == 13KG
31
+
32
+
33
+![](2026-02-28-00-57-43.png)
34
+
35
+![](2026-02-28-00-57-59.png)
36
+
37
+
38
+These servo models differ primarily in terms of gear material, torque, and rotation angle.
39
+
40
+The SG90 is the basic widely-used model. The SG90 comes in 90-degree, 180-degree, and 360-degree versions that are identical except for their rotation angles.
41
+
42
+The MG90S is essentially an enhanced version of the SG90 with metal gears, though its mounting dimensions differ slightly from the SG90.
43
+
44
+The 90-degree and 180-degree servos have identical physical dimensions and torque specifications, differing only in their maximum rotation angles. The 360-degree servo allows continuous rotation.
45
+
46
+The fixed-wing S-version servo (with 25cm wire length) is not the helicopter version. Compared to helicopter servos, it has lower pull strength, performance, and motor lifespan. It's suitable for electric fixed-wing aircraft made of foamboard or foam (recommended) and offers good value for money.
47
+
48
+## feature of servos
49
+
50
+- The servo is a device that can control the angle of rotation of the motor shaft. It consists of a DC motor, a gear set, and a position feedback system.
51
+- The servo can be controlled by a PWM signal, which determines the angle of rotation of the motor shaft.
52
+- The servo can be used in various applications, such as robotics, RC vehicles, and automation systems.
53
+- The servo can be classified into different types based on its construction and operation, such as analog servos, digital servos, and continuous rotation servos.
54
+- The servo can be powered by different voltage levels, typically ranging from 4.8V to 6V for standard servos and up to 7.4V for high-performance servos.
55
+- The servo can be controlled by different protocols, such as PWM, I2C, and UART, depending on the application and the controller used.
56
+- The servo can be equipped with different types of gears, such as plastic gears, metal gears, and ceramic gears, depending on the torque and speed requirements of the application.
57
+- The servo can be used in various configurations, such as standard servos, mini servos, micro servos, and high-torque servos, depending on the size and weight constraints of the application.
58
+- The servo can be used in different environments, such as indoor, outdoor, and underwater, depending on the sealing and protection features of the servo.
59
+- The servo can be used in different applications, such as robotics, automation, and control systems, depending on the requirements of the application.
60
+- The servo can be used in different industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics, depending on the requirements of the application.
61
+
62
+
63
+## test note
64
+
65
+- user a [[servo-tester]] to get the range of the servo first
66
+
67
+- test without a load first
68
+
69
+- the internal [[gearbox-dat]] can be burned if too high load used
70
+
71
+
72
+
73
+
74
+## wiring
75
+
76
+![](2025-04-09-15-37-30.png)
77
+
78
+
79
+### servo with five wires
80
+
81
+![](2026-02-28-01-37-32.png)
82
+
83
+A 5-wire servo consists of a **DC Motor** and a **Potentiometer** (feedback sensor) without an internal control board. To use it, you must provide an external motor driver and a microcontroller.
84
+
85
+---
86
+
87
+#### 1. Wiring Diagram
88
+
89
+##### The Potentiometer (Feedback)
90
+The three wires connected to the potentiometer act as a **Voltage Divider**.
91
+
92
+* **Wire 1 (Outer):** Connect to **VCC** (3.3V or 5V from MCU).
93
+* **Wire 2 (Center/Wiper):** Connect to an **Analog Input Pin (ADC)** on your Microcontroller.
94
+* **Wire 3 (Outer):** Connect to **GND**.
95
+
96
+##### The DC Motor (Power)
97
+* **Wire 4:** Connect to **Motor Driver Output A** (e.g., OUT1 on DRV8701).
98
+* **Wire 5:** Connect to **Motor Driver Output B** (e.g., OUT2 on DRV8701).
99
+
100
+
101
+
102
+#### 2. Technical Specifications & Calculations
103
+
104
+##### Potentiometer Feedback
105
+The voltage read by the ADC tells you the current position.
106
+$$V_{out} = V_{cc} \times \frac{R_{lower}}{R_{total}}$$
107
+As the motor turns the gears, the resistance changes, and the voltage shifts linearly with the angle.
108
+
109
+##### Control Logic (The Feedback Loop)
110
+Since there is no internal IC, your code must perform **Closed-Loop Control**:
111
+
112
+1. **Read Position:** Get the current analog value ($Current\_Pos$).
113
+2. **Calculate Error:** $Error = Target\_Pos - Current\_Pos$.
114
+3. **Drive Motor:** * If **Error > Threshold**: Drive Motor CW (Clockwise).
115
+ * If **Error < -Threshold**: Drive Motor CCW (Counter-Clockwise).
116
+ * If **Error ≈ 0**: Stop Motor (Brake).
117
+
118
+
119
+
120
+#### 3. Why Use This Setup?
121
+
122
+| Feature | Standard 3-Wire Servo | Raw 5-Wire Servo |
123
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
124
+| **Control Board** | Internal (Built-in) | External (MCU + Driver) |
125
+| **Customization** | Limited by internal IC | Fully programmable PID |
126
+| **Current/Torque** | Limited by tiny internal MOSFETs | Limited only by your external driver |
127
+| **Response** | Fixed 50Hz PWM | High-speed real-time control |
128
+
129
+
130
+
131
+## Knowledge
132
+
133
+The control of the steering gear generally requires a time base pulse of about 20ms. The high level part of the pulse is generally the angle control pulse part in the range of 0.5ms-2.5ms, and the total interval is 2ms.
134
+
135
+Taking the 180-degree angle servo as an example, the corresponding control relationship is as follows:
136
+
137
+| Pulse (ms) | Pulse (µs) | Angle (°) |
138
+| ---------: | ---------: | ---------: |
139
+| 0.5 ms | 500 µs | 0 |
140
+| 1.0 ms | 1000 µs | 45 |
141
+| 1.5 ms | 1500 µs | 90 |
142
+| 2.0 ms | 2000 µs | 135 |
143
+| 2.5 ms | 2500 µs | 180 or -90 |
144
+
145
+
146
+![](47-08-17-21-06-2023.png)
147
+
148
+![](2025-06-15-14-21-31.png)
149
+
150
+
151
+
152
+
153
+
154
+## code
155
+
156
+### arduino
157
+
158
+
159
+## servo calibration
160
+
161
+
162
+## Mechanical Calibration
163
+
164
+1. Power the servo and send 1500 µs signal (center pulse).
165
+2. Remove the servo horn (the arm).
166
+3. Reattach the horn so it points exactly to the middle.
167
+
168
+✅ Best method — keeps full 0–180° movement range.
169
+
170
+## FIND A SERVO'S PHYSICAL MIDDLE WITHOUT POWERING IT
171
+
172
+### METHOD 1: Gentle Manual Rotation
173
+
174
+1. Hold the servo body firmly in one hand.
175
+2. Gently rotate the output shaft with your fingers.
176
+
177
+⚠️ IMPORTANT RULES:
178
+- SG90 and most servos are geared; never force rotation beyond stops.
179
+- You will feel two hard mechanical limits (one on each side).
180
+- The total range is usually about 180° or a bit less.
181
+- The *middle* is approximately halfway between those two stops.
182
+
183
+Example steps:
184
+ a. Turn fully to one end (gently).
185
+ b. Mark that position (e.g., note horn orientation).
186
+ c. Turn fully to the other end.
187
+ d. Move the horn halfway back to the middle of that range.
188
+
189
+✅ This gives a close estimate of the neutral angle.
190
+
191
+
192
+### 📏 METHOD 2: Remove the Horn and Reinstall at Mid
193
+
194
+1. Unscrew and remove the servo horn (the plastic arm).
195
+2. Rotate the output spline gently until it’s roughly centered
196
+ (halfway between stops as found above).
197
+3. Reattach the horn pointing straight (e.g., vertical).
198
+
199
+💡 When you later power the servo, it should be close to neutral.
200
+Fine-tune by sending 1500 µs and adjusting slightly if needed.
201
+
202
+
203
+
204
+
205
+## FAQs
206
+
207
+### Can a Servo Hold Position When Power Is Off?
208
+
209
+**No**, standard servos cannot hold position when powered off — they lose holding torque.
210
+
211
+#### Alternatives:
212
+- **Servos with mechanical brakes** – lock position without power.
213
+- **High gear ratio digital servos** – may resist movement, but not reliable.
214
+- **Stepper motors with brakes** – hold position more effectively.
215
+- **External locking mechanisms** – physical clamps or brakes.
216
+
217
+
218
+## mini-servo
219
+
220
+- used for robot joint
221
+
222
+
223
+
224
+## demo
225
+
226
+https://t.me/electrodragon3/401
227
+
228
+
229
+## unsort
230
+
231
+Hitec 海泰克 HS-5565MH 高压数字标准舵机 速度快 空心杯电机 G1可编程电路 不防水
232
+
233
+
234
+
235
+## Apps
236
+
237
+- [[worm-gear-dat]] - [[servo-gimbal-dat]]
238
+
239
+
240
+
241
+lock and unlock system
242
+
243
+![](2025-12-06-14-23-10.png)
244
+
245
+
246
+to linear output
247
+
248
+![](2026-01-09-21-11-41.png)
249
+
250
+connector to a [[crank-dat]]
251
+
252
+![](2026-01-09-21-12-45.png)
253
+
254
+
255
+
256
+
257
+## high torque servo
258
+
259
+35KG version
260
+![](2025-12-06-14-56-46.png)
261
+
262
+
263
+## servo installation
264
+
265
+- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
266
+
267
+![](2026-02-28-01-19-43.png)
268
+
269
+
270
+### servo shaft
271
+
272
+#### 1. Standard Servo Shaft (25T Spline)
273
+
274
+The most common standard for hobbyist and robotics servos is the **25T (25-tooth)** spline, often referred to as the "Futaba" or "PowerHD" standard.
275
+
276
+* **Outer Diameter (OD):** **5.90 mm to 6.00 mm** (measured at the peaks of the teeth).
277
+* **Inner Diameter (ID):** Approximately **5.40 mm** (measured at the valleys of the teeth).
278
+* **Spline Count:** **25 Teeth**.
279
+* **Center Screw:** Typically requires an **M3** machine screw.
280
+
281
+
282
+
283
+#### 2. Micro Servo Shaft (e.g., SG90, MG90S)
284
+
285
+If you are using smaller servos for the **Rover V2** (for sensors or light mechanisms), the dimensions are smaller:
286
+
287
+* **Outer Diameter (OD):** **4.80 mm to 4.90 mm**.
288
+* **Spline Count:** Usually **21 Teeth** (21T) or sometimes **20T**.
289
+* **Center Screw:** Typically requires an **M2** or **M2.5** screw.
290
+
291
+
292
+
293
+#### 3. Comparison Table for Design
294
+
295
+| Servo Class | Typical Model | Shaft OD (mm) | Spline Count | Screw Size |
296
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
297
+| **Micro** | SG90 / MG90S | ~4.85 mm | 21T | M2 / M2.5 |
298
+| **Standard** | MG996R / S3003 | ~5.95 mm | 25T | M3 |
299
+| **Large/Giant** | HS-805BB | ~8.00 mm | 15T / 17T | M4 |
300
+
301
+
302
+## code
303
+
304
+- [[code-dat]]
305
+
306
+
307
+## ref
308
+
309
+- [[motor-dat]]
310
+
311
+- [[servo]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-360-dat/servo-360-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# servo-360-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## servo 360 degree
6
+
7
+360° (continuous-rotation) servo
8
+A 360° servo is effectively a geared DC motor with continuous-variable speed and direction control — it does not provide absolute angle positioning. It uses the same PWM control signal as a regular hobby servo, but the pulse width controls motor speed and direction instead of shaft angle. (Commonly used as a power source for modified robots and drivetrains.)
9
+
10
+Control notes
11
+
12
+- Typical PWM time base: ~20 ms period (50 Hz). Pulse width (high time) is usually in the ~0.5–2.5 ms range; 1.5 ms is the neutral/stop point for many servos.
13
+- Behavior for continuous-rotation servos:
14
+ - Pulse < center (e.g., 0.5 ms → 1.5 ms): forward rotation. The smaller the pulse, the faster the forward speed (0.5 ms → fastest forward).
15
+ - ~1.5 ms: stop / neutral.
16
+ - Pulse > center (e.g., 1.5 ms → 2.5 ms): reverse rotation. The larger the pulse, the faster the reverse speed (2.5 ms → fastest reverse).
17
+- Some servos use narrower ranges (e.g., 1.0–2.0 ms). Always check with a servo-tester or measure the actual response for the specific model.
18
+
19
+Example mapping (typical)
20
+
21
+- 0.5 ms — fastest forward
22
+- 1.0 ms — moderate forward
23
+- 1.5 ms — stop
24
+- 2.0 ms — moderate reverse
25
+- 2.5 ms — fastest reverse
26
+
27
+Arduino tip: use Servo.writeMicroseconds(x) to send precise pulse widths (e.g., 1000–2000 µs) and calibrate the stop point for your servo.
28
+
29
+
30
+- [[N20-motor-dat]]
31
+
32
+| Pulse (ms) | Pulse (µs) | Angle (°) | degree |
33
+| ---------: | ---------: | ---------: | ---------------- |
34
+| 0.5 ms | 500 µs | 0 | fastest forward |
35
+| 1.0 ms | 1000 µs | 45 | moderate forward |
36
+| 1.5 ms | 1500 µs | 90 | stop |
37
+| 2.0 ms | 2000 µs | 135 | moderate reverse |
38
+| 2.5 ms | 2500 µs | 180 or -90 | fastest reverse |
39
+
40
+
41
+
42
+## ref
43
+
44
+- [[servo-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-DSC-dat/servo-DSC-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# servo-DSC-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+## working product
7
+
8
+- [[RadioMaster-dat]] - [[head-track-dat]]
9
+
10
+
11
+
12
+
13
+## info
14
+
15
+**DSC** = **Direct Servo Control**
16
+
17
+On [[RadioMaster-dat]] radios (TX16S, Boxer, Zorro, etc.), the **DSC port** is a **wired trainer / simulator control port**, not an audio port.
18
+
19
+It outputs **RC control signals** directly from the radio.
20
+
21
+---
22
+
23
+### What the DSC Port Is Used For
24
+
25
+- **RC flight simulators** (wired)
26
+- **Trainer / student mode**
27
+- **Direct control of external devices**
28
+- Legacy wired systems
29
+
30
+👉 It is the **replacement for older trainer ports**.
31
+
32
+---
33
+
34
+### Electrical Signal Type (Important)
35
+
36
+Depending on firmware configuration ([[EdgeTX-dat]] / OpenTX), the DSC port can output:
37
+
38
+- **PPM (Pulse Position Modulation)** – most common - [[PWM-dat]]
39
+- Sometimes **PWM (single-channel test mode)**
40
+
41
+
42
+## Physical Connector
43
+
44
+- [[CONN-audio-dat]]
45
+
46
+Most [[RadioMaster-dat]] transmitters use:
47
+
48
+- **3.5 mm TRS jack**
49
+
50
+- Tip = PPM signal (or DSC signal)
51
+- Ring = +V (trainer power, often 3.3 V or 5 V)
52
+- Sleeve= Ground
53
+
54
+⚠️ Voltage on the Ring pin depends on model and settings.
55
+**Do NOT short Ring to Ground.**
56
+
57
+ ┌──── Tip ──── PPM OUT
58
+ │
59
+ │ ┌── Ring ─── VCC (≈3.3–5 V)
60
+ │ │
61
+ │ │ ┌ Sleeve ─ GND
62
+ ▼ ▼ ▼
63
+ [ T | R | S ]
64
+
65
+
66
+## ref
67
+
68
+- [[servo-dat]] - [[servo-DSC-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-HDK-dat/2025-12-26-14-01-00.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-HDK-dat/servo-HDK-dat.md
... ...
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1
+
2
+# servo-HDK-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+![](2025-12-26-14-01-00.png)
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-RPI-angle0-dat.md
... ...
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1
+# servo-RPI-angle0-dat.md
2
+
3
+A minimal script to hold a hobby servo at 0° (zero degrees) using BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
4
+
5
+Save as `servo_hold_0_gpio5.py` on the Pi and run with `sudo python3 servo_hold_0_gpio5.py`.
6
+
7
+```python
8
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
9
+"""Hold servo at 0° on BCM GPIO5 until Ctrl-C."""
10
+import time
11
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
12
+
13
+SERVO_PIN = 5 # BCM numbering
14
+FREQ = 50
15
+
16
+# Tune these for your servo if needed
17
+MIN_DUTY = 2.5
18
+MAX_DUTY = 12.5
19
+
20
+def angle_to_duty(angle: float) -> float:
21
+ a = max(0.0, min(180.0, float(angle)))
22
+ return MIN_DUTY + (a / 180.0) * (MAX_DUTY - MIN_DUTY)
23
+
24
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
25
+GPIO.setup(SERVO_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
26
+
27
+pwm = GPIO.PWM(SERVO_PIN, FREQ)
28
+# Start PWM and keep the duty cycle that corresponds to 0° so the servo actively holds position
29
+duty_0 = angle_to_duty(0)
30
+pwm.start(duty_0)
31
+
32
+try:
33
+ print('Holding 0° on GPIO5 (pin 29). Press Ctrl-C to stop.')
34
+ while True:
35
+ time.sleep(1)
36
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
37
+ pass
38
+finally:
39
+ pwm.stop()
40
+ GPIO.cleanup()
41
+```
42
+
43
+Notes:
44
+- Keep the PWM running (do not set duty to 0) so the servo actively holds position.
45
+- Ensure servo V+ is powered by a suitable 5V supply and servo GND is tied to Pi GND.
46
+- Remove or weaken any external pull-down on the signal line—strong pull-downs prevent the Pi from driving the PWM.
47
+
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-RPI-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
1
+# servo-RPI-dat.md
2
+
3
+A minimal Raspberry Pi Python demo to rotate a standard hobby servo left and right using BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
4
+
5
+Save the script below as `servo_demo_gpio5.py` on your Pi and run it with `sudo python3 servo_demo_gpio5.py`.
6
+
7
+```python
8
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
9
+"""Servo demo on BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
10
+Uses RPi.GPIO to generate 50Hz PWM and maps angle 0-180 to duty cycle.
11
+Adjust MIN_DUTY / MAX_DUTY if your servo needs different values.
12
+"""
13
+import time
14
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
15
+
16
+SERVO_PIN = 5 # BCM numbering
17
+FREQ = 50 # 50Hz for standard servos
18
+
19
+# Duty cycle values may need tuning per servo (these are common defaults)
20
+MIN_DUTY = 2.5 # ~0 degrees
21
+MAX_DUTY = 12.5 # ~180 degrees
22
+
23
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
24
+GPIO.setup(SERVO_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
25
+
26
+pwm = GPIO.PWM(SERVO_PIN, FREQ)
27
+pwm.start(0)
28
+
29
+def angle_to_duty(angle: float) -> float:
30
+ """Convert 0-180 angle to duty cycle between MIN_DUTY and MAX_DUTY."""
31
+ if angle < 0:
32
+ angle = 0
33
+ if angle > 180:
34
+ angle = 180
35
+ return MIN_DUTY + (angle / 180.0) * (MAX_DUTY - MIN_DUTY)
36
+
37
+
38
+def set_angle(angle: float, settle: float = 0.5) -> None:
39
+ duty = angle_to_duty(angle)
40
+ pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
41
+ time.sleep(settle)
42
+ # Stop driving PWM to reduce jitter on some servos
43
+ pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(0)
44
+
45
+
46
+try:
47
+ print('Press Ctrl-C to exit. Sweeping servo by angle: 0 -> 90 -> 180')
48
+ while True:
49
+ set_angle(0)
50
+ time.sleep(1)
51
+ set_angle(90)
52
+ time.sleep(1)
53
+ set_angle(180)
54
+ time.sleep(1)
55
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
56
+ pass
57
+finally:
58
+ pwm.stop()
59
+ GPIO.cleanup()
60
+```
61
+
62
+Notes:
63
+- Use BCM numbering (GPIO5). Physical pin 29 corresponds to BCM GPIO5.
64
+- Run the script on the Pi (not on Windows): `sudo python3 servo_demo_gpio5.py`.
65
+- If the servo jitters or doesn't reach endpoints, adjust `MIN_DUTY` and `MAX_DUTY` slightly.
66
+
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-sdk-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
1
+
2
+# servo-sdk-dat.md
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+- [[servo-RPI-dat]] - [[servo-RPI-angle0-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+- ESP32Servo
10
+
11
+
12
+ESP32 LEDC official libarry
13
+
14
+https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/api/ledc.html?highlight=ledcWrite
15
+
16
+
17
+
18
+
19
+## 'ledcSetup' was not declared in this scope
20
+
21
+
22
+If you prefer to use the latest ESP32 core version, you need to update your code to reflect the new LEDC API.
23
+- `ledcSetup() and ledcAttachPin()` are no longer used.
24
+- You can now use `analogWrite(pin, value)` for basic PWM, where value is the duty cycle.
25
+- For more advanced control, use `ledcAttachChannel(pin, freq, resolution, channel)` to attach a pin to a specific PWM channel and then `ledcWrite(pin, duty)` to set the duty cycle. The channel will be automatically attributed if not specified.
26
+
27
+
28
+### New Code (ESP32 Core >= 3.0.0):
29
+
30
+```
31
+const int LED_PIN = 2;
32
+const int FREQ = 5000;
33
+const int RESOLUTION = 8; // Not directly used in ledcWrite(), but useful for calculating duty cycle
34
+
35
+void setup() {
36
+ // Option 1: Use analogWrite for basic PWM
37
+ // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 128); // Sets initial duty cycle
38
+
39
+ // Option 2: Use ledcAttachChannel for more control
40
+ ledcAttachChannel(LED_PIN, FREQ, RESOLUTION, 0); // Attaches pin to channel 0
41
+}
42
+
43
+void loop() {
44
+ // Option 1: Use analogWrite
45
+ // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 128);
46
+ // delay(1000);
47
+ // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
48
+ // delay(1000);
49
+
50
+ // Option 2: Use ledcWrite
51
+ ledcWrite(LED_PIN, 128); // 50% duty cycle for 8-bit resolution
52
+ delay(1000);
53
+ ledcWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
54
+ delay(1000);
55
+}
56
+
57
+```
58
+
59
+### Old Code (ESP32 Core < 3.0.0):
60
+
61
+```
62
+const int LED_PIN = 2;
63
+const int FREQ = 5000;
64
+const int LED_CHANNEL = 0;
65
+const int RESOLUTION = 8;
66
+
67
+void setup() {
68
+ ledcSetup(LED_CHANNEL, FREQ, RESOLUTION);
69
+ ledcAttachPin(LED_PIN, LED_CHANNEL);
70
+}
71
+
72
+void loop() {
73
+ ledcWrite(LED_CHANNEL, 128); // 50% duty cycle for 8-bit resolution
74
+ delay(1000);
75
+ ledcWrite(LED_CHANNEL, 0);
76
+ delay(1000);
77
+}
78
+```
79
+
80
+
81
+## servo 360
82
+
83
+
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-connector-dat/2026-01-09-20-51-21.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-connector-dat/servo-connector-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
1
+
2
+# servo-connector-dat
3
+
4
+- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+normal servo output tooth == 25T
8
+
9
+also in - [[SCU1012-dat]]
10
+
11
+![](2026-01-09-20-51-21.png)
12
+
13
+
14
+![](2026-01-09-20-52-35.png)
15
+
16
+- red == rubber [[spacer-dat]]
17
+- green == [[rivet-dat]]
18
+
19
+
20
+## main flange
21
+
22
+![](2026-01-09-20-58-15.png)
23
+
24
+![](2026-01-09-20-59-00.png)
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+## ref
32
+
33
+- [[servo-dat]]
34
+
35
+
36
+- [[servo-connector]] - [[servo]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-gimbal-dat/2025-10-02-17-58-58.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-gimbal-dat/servo-gimbal-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
1
+
2
+# servo-gimbal-dat
3
+
4
+- [[gimbal]]
5
+
6
+![](2025-12-04-01-10-28.png)
7
+
8
+
9
+## installation steps
10
+
11
+![](2025-10-02-17-58-58.png)
12
+
13
+![](2025-10-02-17-59-39.png)
14
+
15
+![](2025-10-02-18-00-30.png)
16
+
17
+
18
+## 2 degree gimbal
19
+
20
+
21
+
22
+![](2026-01-19-19-26-47.png)
23
+
24
+![](2026-01-19-19-27-39.png)
25
+
26
+
27
+
28
+## ref
29
+
30
+- [[servo-dat]]
31
+
32
+- [[servo]]
33
+
34
+
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-horn-dat/2026-02-27-03-26-25.png
... ...
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# servo-horn-dat
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
8
+
9
+## servo horn types
10
+
11
+![](2026-02-27-03-26-25.png)
12
+
13
+![](2026-02-27-03-32-25.png)
14
+
15
+![](2026-02-27-04-16-14.png)
16
+
17
+## info
18
+
19
+
20
+In the context of servo motors and robotics, the connector that attaches to the output shaft is most commonly called a Servo Horn.
21
+
22
+Depending on the specific part of the linkage you are referring to, here are the standard English terms used in mechanical design and RC hobbyism:
23
+
24
+1. The Main Connector (Attaches to the Shaft)
25
+
26
+Servo Horn: The most common term. These come in various shapes:
27
+
28
+- Single Arm: A straight lever extending in one direction.
29
+- Double Arm: A straight lever extending in two opposite directions.
30
+- Cross / Four-way: Shaped like a "+" for multiple attachment points.
31
+- Circular / Round Horn: A disc shape, often used for mounting larger gears or pulleys.
32
+
33
+Servo Arm: Often used interchangeably with "horn," typically referring to the lever-style connectors.
34
+
35
+2. The Linkage Components (Connecting the Horn to the Load)
36
+If you are looking for the parts that connect the servo horn to the rest of your Rover V2 chassis, you likely need these:
37
+
38
+- Linkage Rod / Pushrod: The metal or plastic rod that transmits the motion.
39
+- Ball Link: A joint that allows for multi-angle rotation, very common in steering assemblies to prevent binding.
40
+- Clevis: A U-shaped fastener that clips onto the holes of the servo horn.
41
+- Turnbuckle: A threaded rod that allows you to adjust the length of the linkage without disconnecting it.
42
+
43
+3. Technical Terms for CAD and Sourcing
44
+
45
+If you are searching for parts or designing a custom 3D-printed attachment, use these technical keywords:
46
+
47
+- Spline: The "teeth" on the servo output shaft. You must match the spline count (e.g., 25T for standard Futaba/MG996R servos or 21T/23T for others).
48
+- Spline Adapter: A component that converts the servo spline into a different mounting interface (like a D-shaft or a hex mount).
49
+- Servo Hub: A heavy-duty aluminum connector, usually circular, used for high-torque applications.
50
+
51
+
52
+## ref
53
+
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-rank-dat/2026-02-28-01-13-38.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-rank-dat/servo-rank-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# servo-rank-dat
4
+
5
+| model | torque KG/CM | LRC | note | order |
6
+| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------- | --------------- |
7
+| RDS5180 80KG | 80KG~105KG @ 8.4V | 6.5A | | |
8
+| RDS5160 60KG | 60~70KG @ 8.4V | 6.5A | | |
9
+| RDS3115 15KG | 15~17 @ 8.4V | 2.5A |
10
+| XINHUI | 60 / 45 / 35 / 25 / 20 | 6.2A / 1.25A / 1.13A | unit ?? | |
11
+| XINHUI high-speed | 25 / 10 | | unit ?? | |
12
+| NANGU | 35 @ 8.4V | 0.65A | | |
13
+| MG996R | 9~15 | | | [[SCU1012-DAT]] |
14
+| MG995 / MG946R / MG945 | 9~13 | | | [[SCU1012-DAT]] |
15
+| PTK 7465 7465W | 5.8 @ 8.4V | | | |
16
+| SG92R | 2.5 | | 9g | |
17
+| EMAX ES08MA | 1.8 @ 6V | | 9g | |
18
+| SG90 | 1.6 | | | [[SCU1030-DAT]] |
19
+| MG90S / MG90 | 2.0 | | | [[SCU1031-dat]] |
20
+| PTK 7350MG-D 5.5g |
21
+
22
+
23
+
24
+- [[current-dat]]
25
+
26
+
27
+## nangu
28
+
29
+steel gears, gears number == x4 or x5
30
+
31
+![](2026-02-28-01-13-38.png)
32
+
33
+![](2026-02-28-01-24-21.png)
34
+
35
+
36
+## ref
37
+
38
+- [[servo-dat]] - [[servo]]
39
+
40
+- [[robot]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-servo-dat/servo-waterproof-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
1
+
2
+# servo-waterproof-dat.md
3
+
4
+
5
+If you want to use a **servo underwater** and keep it fully waterproof, follow these strategies:
6
+
7
+---
8
+
9
+## 1. Use a Waterproof Servo
10
+- **Buy a commercially waterproof servo** (used in RC boats, submarines, cars).
11
+- These servos are **internally sealed** with rubber gaskets around the motor and gears.
12
+- Check the **IP rating**: IP68 is ideal for full submersion.
13
+
14
+---
15
+
16
+## 2. Encapsulation in a Waterproof Housing
17
+If the servo is not inherently waterproof:
18
+- **Housing:** Use a small **aluminum, plastic, or acrylic canister**.
19
+- **Sealing methods:**
20
+ - **O-rings** at openings (shaft, wires).
21
+ - **Epoxy or silicone sealant** for gaps.
22
+- **Cable entry:** Use **watertight cable glands**.
23
+- **Pressure:** For deep water, the housing must resist **external water pressure** (e.g., 10 m ≈ 1 atm; 100 m ≈ 10 atm).
24
+
25
+---
26
+
27
+## 3. Lubrication and Corrosion Protection
28
+- Apply **marine grease** on gears to prevent rust.
29
+- Prefer **stainless steel or plastic gears**.
30
+- Avoid motors sensitive to water (like uncoated brushed motors).
31
+
32
+---
33
+
34
+- [[shaft-waterproof-dat]]
35
+
36
+## 5. Pressure Considerations
37
+- At **deep depths** (>50 m), water pressure can crush the servo or housing.
38
+- Housing must be **strong enough** (aluminum or thick acrylic).
39
+- Calculate **wall thickness** using:
40
+
41
+ P=ρgh, then choose a material with a safety factor.
42
+
43
+✅ Tip: For shallow water RC boats or ROVs (<10 m), many servos with proper epoxy coating or silicone sealing work. For deeper submersion, you almost always need a sealed housing or a servo designed for underwater use.
44
+
45
+- [[silicon-grease-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-stepper-dat/2025-04-29-13-07-08.png
... ...
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-stepper-dat/motor-stepper-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
1
+
2
+# stepper-dat
3
+
4
+- [[stepper-driver-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+
8
+## boards
9
+
10
+- [[SCU1024-dat]]
11
+
12
+[[motor-driver-dat]] - [[SDR1050-dat]]
13
+
14
+
15
+
16
+## tech
17
+
18
+-standard - [[NEMA-dat]] - [[NEMA17-dat]] - [[NEMA-23-dat]]
19
+
20
+
21
+
22
+
23
+## common options
24
+
25
+- dual shaft
26
+
27
+## common motors specs NEMA 23
28
+
29
+![](2025-04-29-13-07-08.png)
30
+
31
+
32
+## How to identify the common port of a 4-wire motor:
33
+
34
+Use the resistance * 1 position of the multimeter to measure the four terminals separately.
35
+
36
+If the resistance value of one terminal is the smallest and equal to that of the other three terminals, then this terminal is the COM terminal, which is the common terminal.
37
+
38
+The driver board automatically identifies 3-wire or 4-wire brushless motors,
39
+
40
+4-wire brushless motors can also be connected without COM lines.
41
+
42
+
43
+## NMEA Series
44
+
45
+- [[NEMA-17-dat]] - [[NEMA-23-dat]]
46
+
47
+| NEMA Size | Faceplate Size (mm) | Typical Torque (N·m) | Typical Current (A) | Common Use Cases |
48
+|-----------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------|
49
+| NEMA 6 | 15 x 15 | < 0.01 | 0.2 – 0.5 | Tiny devices, precision instruments |
50
+| NEMA 8 | 20 x 20 | 0.01 – 0.03 | 0.3 – 0.8 | Compact medical devices, miniature robotics |
51
+| NEMA 11 | 28 x 28 | 0.04 – 0.1 | 0.6 – 1.2 | Small automation, instrumentation |
52
+| NEMA 14 | 35 x 35 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.8 – 1.5 | Light-duty CNC, compact robotics |
53
+| NEMA 16 | 39 x 39 | 0.15 – 0.25 | 1.0 – 1.8 | Slightly more powerful applications |
54
+| **NEMA 17** | 42 x 42 | 0.2 – 0.5 | 1.0 – 2.0 | 3D printers, desktop CNC, hobby electronics |
55
+| **NEMA 23** | 57 x 57 | 0.6 – 3.0 | 2.0 – 3.5 | CNC machines, automation, robotics |
56
+| NEMA 24 | 60 x 60 | 2.0 – 4.0 | 2.0 – 4.0 | Industrial applications |
57
+| NEMA 34 | 86 x 86 | 4.0 – 12.0 | 3.5 – 6.0 | Heavy-duty CNC, automation systems |
58
+| NEMA 42 | 110 x 110 | 10 – 20+ | 5.0 – 10.0 | Large industrial machinery |
59
+
60
+
61
+## apps
62
+
63
+- [[TPlink-dat]]
64
+
65
+[dissembled TP LINK security camera post ](https://www.electrodragon.com/teardown-a-tplink-security-camera-after-oil-soaking/)
66
+
67
+
68
+
69
+## ref
70
+
71
+- [[stepper]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-stepper-dat/nema-17-dat/2025-06-01-18-23-10.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-stepper-dat/nema-17-dat/nema-17-dat.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
1
+
2
+# nema-17-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## dimension
6
+
7
+screw pitching base == 44mm
8
+
9
+![](2025-06-01-18-23-10.png)
10
+
11
+common Specifications
12
+
13
+![](2025-06-01-18-24-29.png)
14
+
15
+
16
+
17
+## ref
18
+
19
+- [[stepper-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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1
+
2
+# nema-23-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+## NEMA 23 Motor
7
+
8
+### NEMA 23 Motor Overview
9
+
10
+A **NEMA 23** motor is a **stepper motor** with a standard **mounting flange size** defined by the **National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)**. It is widely used in CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, and automation systems.
11
+
12
+#### Key Features of NEMA 23 Motor
13
+
14
+##### 1. Frame Size
15
+- The **NEMA 23** standard specifies that the motor has a **2.3-inch (57.15mm) x 2.3-inch (57.15mm) faceplate size** for mounting.
16
+- The **length of the motor varies**, affecting torque and power output.
17
+
18
+##### 2. Stepper Type
19
+- Most **NEMA 23 motors are stepper motors**, typically **1.8° per step** (200 steps per revolution), but variations exist.
20
+- Some models have finer step angles (e.g., **0.9° per step**, 400 steps per revolution).
21
+
22
+##### 3. Torque & Power
23
+- The **torque** varies based on the motor length and current rating, typically ranging from **0.3 Nm to over 3.0 Nm**.
24
+- Higher torque versions are often **longer and require higher current**.
25
+
26
+##### 4. Voltage & Current
27
+- Operates typically on **12V to 48V** (varies based on driver and application).
28
+- Current ratings range from **2A to 6A per phase**, depending on the winding configuration.
29
+
30
+##### 5. Shaft & Wiring
31
+- Shaft diameter is usually **6.35mm (1/4 inch) or 8mm**.
32
+- Common wiring configurations: **4-wire, 6-wire, or 8-wire** for unipolar or bipolar operation.
33
+
34
+#### Common Applications of NEMA 23 Stepper Motors
35
+- **CNC Machines** (milling, laser cutters, engraving machines)
36
+- **3D Printers** (especially for larger or industrial-grade machines)
37
+- **Robotics & Automation Systems**
38
+- **Textile and Packaging Machines**
39
+- **Conveyor Belt Systems**
40
+
41
+![](2025-06-01-18-21-25.png)
42
+
43
+## ref
44
+
45
+- [[stepper-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-360-dat/servo-360-dat.md
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1
-
2
-# servo-360-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-## servo 360 degree
6
-
7
-360° (continuous-rotation) servo
8
-A 360° servo is effectively a geared DC motor with continuous-variable speed and direction control — it does not provide absolute angle positioning. It uses the same PWM control signal as a regular hobby servo, but the pulse width controls motor speed and direction instead of shaft angle. (Commonly used as a power source for modified robots and drivetrains.)
9
-
10
-Control notes
11
-
12
-- Typical PWM time base: ~20 ms period (50 Hz). Pulse width (high time) is usually in the ~0.5–2.5 ms range; 1.5 ms is the neutral/stop point for many servos.
13
-- Behavior for continuous-rotation servos:
14
- - Pulse < center (e.g., 0.5 ms → 1.5 ms): forward rotation. The smaller the pulse, the faster the forward speed (0.5 ms → fastest forward).
15
- - ~1.5 ms: stop / neutral.
16
- - Pulse > center (e.g., 1.5 ms → 2.5 ms): reverse rotation. The larger the pulse, the faster the reverse speed (2.5 ms → fastest reverse).
17
-- Some servos use narrower ranges (e.g., 1.0–2.0 ms). Always check with a servo-tester or measure the actual response for the specific model.
18
-
19
-Example mapping (typical)
20
-
21
-- 0.5 ms — fastest forward
22
-- 1.0 ms — moderate forward
23
-- 1.5 ms — stop
24
-- 2.0 ms — moderate reverse
25
-- 2.5 ms — fastest reverse
26
-
27
-Arduino tip: use Servo.writeMicroseconds(x) to send precise pulse widths (e.g., 1000–2000 µs) and calibrate the stop point for your servo.
28
-
29
-
30
-- [[N20-motor-dat]]
31
-
32
-| Pulse (ms) | Pulse (µs) | Angle (°) | degree |
33
-| ---------: | ---------: | ---------: | ---------------- |
34
-| 0.5 ms | 500 µs | 0 | fastest forward |
35
-| 1.0 ms | 1000 µs | 45 | moderate forward |
36
-| 1.5 ms | 1500 µs | 90 | stop |
37
-| 2.0 ms | 2000 µs | 135 | moderate reverse |
38
-| 2.5 ms | 2500 µs | 180 or -90 | fastest reverse |
39
-
40
-
41
-
42
-## ref
43
-
44
-- [[servo-dat]]
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\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-DSC-dat/servo-DSC-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-DSC-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-## working product
7
-
8
-- [[RadioMaster-dat]] - [[head-track-dat]]
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-## info
14
-
15
-**DSC** = **Direct Servo Control**
16
-
17
-On [[RadioMaster-dat]] radios (TX16S, Boxer, Zorro, etc.), the **DSC port** is a **wired trainer / simulator control port**, not an audio port.
18
-
19
-It outputs **RC control signals** directly from the radio.
20
-
21
----
22
-
23
-### What the DSC Port Is Used For
24
-
25
-- **RC flight simulators** (wired)
26
-- **Trainer / student mode**
27
-- **Direct control of external devices**
28
-- Legacy wired systems
29
-
30
-👉 It is the **replacement for older trainer ports**.
31
-
32
----
33
-
34
-### Electrical Signal Type (Important)
35
-
36
-Depending on firmware configuration ([[EdgeTX-dat]] / OpenTX), the DSC port can output:
37
-
38
-- **PPM (Pulse Position Modulation)** – most common - [[PWM-dat]]
39
-- Sometimes **PWM (single-channel test mode)**
40
-
41
-
42
-## Physical Connector
43
-
44
-- [[CONN-audio-dat]]
45
-
46
-Most [[RadioMaster-dat]] transmitters use:
47
-
48
-- **3.5 mm TRS jack**
49
-
50
-- Tip = PPM signal (or DSC signal)
51
-- Ring = +V (trainer power, often 3.3 V or 5 V)
52
-- Sleeve= Ground
53
-
54
-⚠️ Voltage on the Ring pin depends on model and settings.
55
-**Do NOT short Ring to Ground.**
56
-
57
- ┌──── Tip ──── PPM OUT
58
- │
59
- │ ┌── Ring ─── VCC (≈3.3–5 V)
60
- │ │
61
- │ │ ┌ Sleeve ─ GND
62
- ▼ ▼ ▼
63
- [ T | R | S ]
64
-
65
-
66
-## ref
67
-
68
-- [[servo-dat]] - [[servo-DSC-dat]]
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@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-HDK-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-![](2025-12-26-14-01-00.png)
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-RPI-angle0-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
1
-# servo-RPI-angle0-dat.md
2
-
3
-A minimal script to hold a hobby servo at 0° (zero degrees) using BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
4
-
5
-Save as `servo_hold_0_gpio5.py` on the Pi and run with `sudo python3 servo_hold_0_gpio5.py`.
6
-
7
-```python
8
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
9
-"""Hold servo at 0° on BCM GPIO5 until Ctrl-C."""
10
-import time
11
-import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
12
-
13
-SERVO_PIN = 5 # BCM numbering
14
-FREQ = 50
15
-
16
-# Tune these for your servo if needed
17
-MIN_DUTY = 2.5
18
-MAX_DUTY = 12.5
19
-
20
-def angle_to_duty(angle: float) -> float:
21
- a = max(0.0, min(180.0, float(angle)))
22
- return MIN_DUTY + (a / 180.0) * (MAX_DUTY - MIN_DUTY)
23
-
24
-GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
25
-GPIO.setup(SERVO_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
26
-
27
-pwm = GPIO.PWM(SERVO_PIN, FREQ)
28
-# Start PWM and keep the duty cycle that corresponds to 0° so the servo actively holds position
29
-duty_0 = angle_to_duty(0)
30
-pwm.start(duty_0)
31
-
32
-try:
33
- print('Holding 0° on GPIO5 (pin 29). Press Ctrl-C to stop.')
34
- while True:
35
- time.sleep(1)
36
-except KeyboardInterrupt:
37
- pass
38
-finally:
39
- pwm.stop()
40
- GPIO.cleanup()
41
-```
42
-
43
-Notes:
44
-- Keep the PWM running (do not set duty to 0) so the servo actively holds position.
45
-- Ensure servo V+ is powered by a suitable 5V supply and servo GND is tied to Pi GND.
46
-- Remove or weaken any external pull-down on the signal line—strong pull-downs prevent the Pi from driving the PWM.
47
-
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-RPI-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
1
-# servo-RPI-dat.md
2
-
3
-A minimal Raspberry Pi Python demo to rotate a standard hobby servo left and right using BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
4
-
5
-Save the script below as `servo_demo_gpio5.py` on your Pi and run it with `sudo python3 servo_demo_gpio5.py`.
6
-
7
-```python
8
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
9
-"""Servo demo on BCM GPIO5 (physical pin 29).
10
-Uses RPi.GPIO to generate 50Hz PWM and maps angle 0-180 to duty cycle.
11
-Adjust MIN_DUTY / MAX_DUTY if your servo needs different values.
12
-"""
13
-import time
14
-import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
15
-
16
-SERVO_PIN = 5 # BCM numbering
17
-FREQ = 50 # 50Hz for standard servos
18
-
19
-# Duty cycle values may need tuning per servo (these are common defaults)
20
-MIN_DUTY = 2.5 # ~0 degrees
21
-MAX_DUTY = 12.5 # ~180 degrees
22
-
23
-GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
24
-GPIO.setup(SERVO_PIN, GPIO.OUT)
25
-
26
-pwm = GPIO.PWM(SERVO_PIN, FREQ)
27
-pwm.start(0)
28
-
29
-def angle_to_duty(angle: float) -> float:
30
- """Convert 0-180 angle to duty cycle between MIN_DUTY and MAX_DUTY."""
31
- if angle < 0:
32
- angle = 0
33
- if angle > 180:
34
- angle = 180
35
- return MIN_DUTY + (angle / 180.0) * (MAX_DUTY - MIN_DUTY)
36
-
37
-
38
-def set_angle(angle: float, settle: float = 0.5) -> None:
39
- duty = angle_to_duty(angle)
40
- pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(duty)
41
- time.sleep(settle)
42
- # Stop driving PWM to reduce jitter on some servos
43
- pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(0)
44
-
45
-
46
-try:
47
- print('Press Ctrl-C to exit. Sweeping servo by angle: 0 -> 90 -> 180')
48
- while True:
49
- set_angle(0)
50
- time.sleep(1)
51
- set_angle(90)
52
- time.sleep(1)
53
- set_angle(180)
54
- time.sleep(1)
55
-except KeyboardInterrupt:
56
- pass
57
-finally:
58
- pwm.stop()
59
- GPIO.cleanup()
60
-```
61
-
62
-Notes:
63
-- Use BCM numbering (GPIO5). Physical pin 29 corresponds to BCM GPIO5.
64
-- Run the script on the Pi (not on Windows): `sudo python3 servo_demo_gpio5.py`.
65
-- If the servo jitters or doesn't reach endpoints, adjust `MIN_DUTY` and `MAX_DUTY` slightly.
66
-
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-SDK-dat/servo-sdk-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-sdk-dat.md
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-- [[servo-RPI-dat]] - [[servo-RPI-angle0-dat]]
7
-
8
-
9
-- ESP32Servo
10
-
11
-
12
-ESP32 LEDC official libarry
13
-
14
-https://docs.espressif.com/projects/arduino-esp32/en/latest/api/ledc.html?highlight=ledcWrite
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-## 'ledcSetup' was not declared in this scope
20
-
21
-
22
-If you prefer to use the latest ESP32 core version, you need to update your code to reflect the new LEDC API.
23
-- `ledcSetup() and ledcAttachPin()` are no longer used.
24
-- You can now use `analogWrite(pin, value)` for basic PWM, where value is the duty cycle.
25
-- For more advanced control, use `ledcAttachChannel(pin, freq, resolution, channel)` to attach a pin to a specific PWM channel and then `ledcWrite(pin, duty)` to set the duty cycle. The channel will be automatically attributed if not specified.
26
-
27
-
28
-### New Code (ESP32 Core >= 3.0.0):
29
-
30
-```
31
-const int LED_PIN = 2;
32
-const int FREQ = 5000;
33
-const int RESOLUTION = 8; // Not directly used in ledcWrite(), but useful for calculating duty cycle
34
-
35
-void setup() {
36
- // Option 1: Use analogWrite for basic PWM
37
- // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 128); // Sets initial duty cycle
38
-
39
- // Option 2: Use ledcAttachChannel for more control
40
- ledcAttachChannel(LED_PIN, FREQ, RESOLUTION, 0); // Attaches pin to channel 0
41
-}
42
-
43
-void loop() {
44
- // Option 1: Use analogWrite
45
- // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 128);
46
- // delay(1000);
47
- // analogWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
48
- // delay(1000);
49
-
50
- // Option 2: Use ledcWrite
51
- ledcWrite(LED_PIN, 128); // 50% duty cycle for 8-bit resolution
52
- delay(1000);
53
- ledcWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
54
- delay(1000);
55
-}
56
-
57
-```
58
-
59
-### Old Code (ESP32 Core < 3.0.0):
60
-
61
-```
62
-const int LED_PIN = 2;
63
-const int FREQ = 5000;
64
-const int LED_CHANNEL = 0;
65
-const int RESOLUTION = 8;
66
-
67
-void setup() {
68
- ledcSetup(LED_CHANNEL, FREQ, RESOLUTION);
69
- ledcAttachPin(LED_PIN, LED_CHANNEL);
70
-}
71
-
72
-void loop() {
73
- ledcWrite(LED_CHANNEL, 128); // 50% duty cycle for 8-bit resolution
74
- delay(1000);
75
- ledcWrite(LED_CHANNEL, 0);
76
- delay(1000);
77
-}
78
-```
79
-
80
-
81
-## servo 360
82
-
83
-
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-connector-dat/2026-01-09-20-51-21.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-connector-dat/servo-connector-dat.md
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@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-connector-dat
3
-
4
-- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
5
-
6
-
7
-normal servo output tooth == 25T
8
-
9
-also in - [[SCU1012-dat]]
10
-
11
-![](2026-01-09-20-51-21.png)
12
-
13
-
14
-![](2026-01-09-20-52-35.png)
15
-
16
-- red == rubber [[spacer-dat]]
17
-- green == [[rivet-dat]]
18
-
19
-
20
-## main flange
21
-
22
-![](2026-01-09-20-58-15.png)
23
-
24
-![](2026-01-09-20-59-00.png)
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-## ref
32
-
33
-- [[servo-dat]]
34
-
35
-
36
-- [[servo-connector]] - [[servo]]
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\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,311 +0,0 @@
1
-# servo-dat
2
-
3
-- [[servo-gimbal-dat]]
4
-
5
-- [[peripherals-dat]]
6
-
7
-- [[PWM-dat]] - [[PPM-dat]]
8
-
9
-
10
-- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
11
-
12
-- [[servo-HDK-dat]] - [[servo-SDK-dat]]
13
-
14
-- [[servo-360-dat]] - [[servo-rank-dat]]
15
-
16
-- [[PCA9685-dat]]
17
-
18
-- [[servo]]
19
-
20
-## tech
21
-
22
-- [[servo-DSC-dat]]
23
-
24
-## products
25
-
26
-- [[servo-rank-dat]]
27
-
28
-- Micro servo - [[SCU1030-DAT]] - [[SCU1031-dat]] == SG90 / MG90
29
-
30
-- MG995 / MG996R micro servo - [[SCU1012-DAT]] == 13KG
31
-
32
-
33
-![](2026-02-28-00-57-43.png)
34
-
35
-![](2026-02-28-00-57-59.png)
36
-
37
-
38
-These servo models differ primarily in terms of gear material, torque, and rotation angle.
39
-
40
-The SG90 is the basic widely-used model. The SG90 comes in 90-degree, 180-degree, and 360-degree versions that are identical except for their rotation angles.
41
-
42
-The MG90S is essentially an enhanced version of the SG90 with metal gears, though its mounting dimensions differ slightly from the SG90.
43
-
44
-The 90-degree and 180-degree servos have identical physical dimensions and torque specifications, differing only in their maximum rotation angles. The 360-degree servo allows continuous rotation.
45
-
46
-The fixed-wing S-version servo (with 25cm wire length) is not the helicopter version. Compared to helicopter servos, it has lower pull strength, performance, and motor lifespan. It's suitable for electric fixed-wing aircraft made of foamboard or foam (recommended) and offers good value for money.
47
-
48
-## feature of servos
49
-
50
-- The servo is a device that can control the angle of rotation of the motor shaft. It consists of a DC motor, a gear set, and a position feedback system.
51
-- The servo can be controlled by a PWM signal, which determines the angle of rotation of the motor shaft.
52
-- The servo can be used in various applications, such as robotics, RC vehicles, and automation systems.
53
-- The servo can be classified into different types based on its construction and operation, such as analog servos, digital servos, and continuous rotation servos.
54
-- The servo can be powered by different voltage levels, typically ranging from 4.8V to 6V for standard servos and up to 7.4V for high-performance servos.
55
-- The servo can be controlled by different protocols, such as PWM, I2C, and UART, depending on the application and the controller used.
56
-- The servo can be equipped with different types of gears, such as plastic gears, metal gears, and ceramic gears, depending on the torque and speed requirements of the application.
57
-- The servo can be used in various configurations, such as standard servos, mini servos, micro servos, and high-torque servos, depending on the size and weight constraints of the application.
58
-- The servo can be used in different environments, such as indoor, outdoor, and underwater, depending on the sealing and protection features of the servo.
59
-- The servo can be used in different applications, such as robotics, automation, and control systems, depending on the requirements of the application.
60
-- The servo can be used in different industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics, depending on the requirements of the application.
61
-
62
-
63
-## test note
64
-
65
-- user a [[servo-tester]] to get the range of the servo first
66
-
67
-- test without a load first
68
-
69
-- the internal [[gearbox-dat]] can be burned if too high load used
70
-
71
-
72
-
73
-
74
-## wiring
75
-
76
-![](2025-04-09-15-37-30.png)
77
-
78
-
79
-### servo with five wires
80
-
81
-![](2026-02-28-01-37-32.png)
82
-
83
-A 5-wire servo consists of a **DC Motor** and a **Potentiometer** (feedback sensor) without an internal control board. To use it, you must provide an external motor driver and a microcontroller.
84
-
85
----
86
-
87
-#### 1. Wiring Diagram
88
-
89
-##### The Potentiometer (Feedback)
90
-The three wires connected to the potentiometer act as a **Voltage Divider**.
91
-
92
-* **Wire 1 (Outer):** Connect to **VCC** (3.3V or 5V from MCU).
93
-* **Wire 2 (Center/Wiper):** Connect to an **Analog Input Pin (ADC)** on your Microcontroller.
94
-* **Wire 3 (Outer):** Connect to **GND**.
95
-
96
-##### The DC Motor (Power)
97
-* **Wire 4:** Connect to **Motor Driver Output A** (e.g., OUT1 on DRV8701).
98
-* **Wire 5:** Connect to **Motor Driver Output B** (e.g., OUT2 on DRV8701).
99
-
100
-
101
-
102
-#### 2. Technical Specifications & Calculations
103
-
104
-##### Potentiometer Feedback
105
-The voltage read by the ADC tells you the current position.
106
-$$V_{out} = V_{cc} \times \frac{R_{lower}}{R_{total}}$$
107
-As the motor turns the gears, the resistance changes, and the voltage shifts linearly with the angle.
108
-
109
-##### Control Logic (The Feedback Loop)
110
-Since there is no internal IC, your code must perform **Closed-Loop Control**:
111
-
112
-1. **Read Position:** Get the current analog value ($Current\_Pos$).
113
-2. **Calculate Error:** $Error = Target\_Pos - Current\_Pos$.
114
-3. **Drive Motor:** * If **Error > Threshold**: Drive Motor CW (Clockwise).
115
- * If **Error < -Threshold**: Drive Motor CCW (Counter-Clockwise).
116
- * If **Error ≈ 0**: Stop Motor (Brake).
117
-
118
-
119
-
120
-#### 3. Why Use This Setup?
121
-
122
-| Feature | Standard 3-Wire Servo | Raw 5-Wire Servo |
123
-| :--- | :--- | :--- |
124
-| **Control Board** | Internal (Built-in) | External (MCU + Driver) |
125
-| **Customization** | Limited by internal IC | Fully programmable PID |
126
-| **Current/Torque** | Limited by tiny internal MOSFETs | Limited only by your external driver |
127
-| **Response** | Fixed 50Hz PWM | High-speed real-time control |
128
-
129
-
130
-
131
-## Knowledge
132
-
133
-The control of the steering gear generally requires a time base pulse of about 20ms. The high level part of the pulse is generally the angle control pulse part in the range of 0.5ms-2.5ms, and the total interval is 2ms.
134
-
135
-Taking the 180-degree angle servo as an example, the corresponding control relationship is as follows:
136
-
137
-| Pulse (ms) | Pulse (µs) | Angle (°) |
138
-| ---------: | ---------: | ---------: |
139
-| 0.5 ms | 500 µs | 0 |
140
-| 1.0 ms | 1000 µs | 45 |
141
-| 1.5 ms | 1500 µs | 90 |
142
-| 2.0 ms | 2000 µs | 135 |
143
-| 2.5 ms | 2500 µs | 180 or -90 |
144
-
145
-
146
-![](47-08-17-21-06-2023.png)
147
-
148
-![](2025-06-15-14-21-31.png)
149
-
150
-
151
-
152
-
153
-
154
-## code
155
-
156
-### arduino
157
-
158
-
159
-## servo calibration
160
-
161
-
162
-## Mechanical Calibration
163
-
164
-1. Power the servo and send 1500 µs signal (center pulse).
165
-2. Remove the servo horn (the arm).
166
-3. Reattach the horn so it points exactly to the middle.
167
-
168
-✅ Best method — keeps full 0–180° movement range.
169
-
170
-## FIND A SERVO'S PHYSICAL MIDDLE WITHOUT POWERING IT
171
-
172
-### METHOD 1: Gentle Manual Rotation
173
-
174
-1. Hold the servo body firmly in one hand.
175
-2. Gently rotate the output shaft with your fingers.
176
-
177
-⚠️ IMPORTANT RULES:
178
-- SG90 and most servos are geared; never force rotation beyond stops.
179
-- You will feel two hard mechanical limits (one on each side).
180
-- The total range is usually about 180° or a bit less.
181
-- The *middle* is approximately halfway between those two stops.
182
-
183
-Example steps:
184
- a. Turn fully to one end (gently).
185
- b. Mark that position (e.g., note horn orientation).
186
- c. Turn fully to the other end.
187
- d. Move the horn halfway back to the middle of that range.
188
-
189
-✅ This gives a close estimate of the neutral angle.
190
-
191
-
192
-### 📏 METHOD 2: Remove the Horn and Reinstall at Mid
193
-
194
-1. Unscrew and remove the servo horn (the plastic arm).
195
-2. Rotate the output spline gently until it’s roughly centered
196
- (halfway between stops as found above).
197
-3. Reattach the horn pointing straight (e.g., vertical).
198
-
199
-💡 When you later power the servo, it should be close to neutral.
200
-Fine-tune by sending 1500 µs and adjusting slightly if needed.
201
-
202
-
203
-
204
-
205
-## FAQs
206
-
207
-### Can a Servo Hold Position When Power Is Off?
208
-
209
-**No**, standard servos cannot hold position when powered off — they lose holding torque.
210
-
211
-#### Alternatives:
212
-- **Servos with mechanical brakes** – lock position without power.
213
-- **High gear ratio digital servos** – may resist movement, but not reliable.
214
-- **Stepper motors with brakes** – hold position more effectively.
215
-- **External locking mechanisms** – physical clamps or brakes.
216
-
217
-
218
-## mini-servo
219
-
220
-- used for robot joint
221
-
222
-
223
-
224
-## demo
225
-
226
-https://t.me/electrodragon3/401
227
-
228
-
229
-## unsort
230
-
231
-Hitec 海泰克 HS-5565MH 高压数字标准舵机 速度快 空心杯电机 G1可编程电路 不防水
232
-
233
-
234
-
235
-## Apps
236
-
237
-- [[worm-gear-dat]] - [[servo-gimbal-dat]]
238
-
239
-
240
-
241
-lock and unlock system
242
-
243
-![](2025-12-06-14-23-10.png)
244
-
245
-
246
-to linear output
247
-
248
-![](2026-01-09-21-11-41.png)
249
-
250
-connector to a [[crank-dat]]
251
-
252
-![](2026-01-09-21-12-45.png)
253
-
254
-
255
-
256
-
257
-## high torque servo
258
-
259
-35KG version
260
-![](2025-12-06-14-56-46.png)
261
-
262
-
263
-## servo installation
264
-
265
-- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
266
-
267
-![](2026-02-28-01-19-43.png)
268
-
269
-
270
-### servo shaft
271
-
272
-#### 1. Standard Servo Shaft (25T Spline)
273
-
274
-The most common standard for hobbyist and robotics servos is the **25T (25-tooth)** spline, often referred to as the "Futaba" or "PowerHD" standard.
275
-
276
-* **Outer Diameter (OD):** **5.90 mm to 6.00 mm** (measured at the peaks of the teeth).
277
-* **Inner Diameter (ID):** Approximately **5.40 mm** (measured at the valleys of the teeth).
278
-* **Spline Count:** **25 Teeth**.
279
-* **Center Screw:** Typically requires an **M3** machine screw.
280
-
281
-
282
-
283
-#### 2. Micro Servo Shaft (e.g., SG90, MG90S)
284
-
285
-If you are using smaller servos for the **Rover V2** (for sensors or light mechanisms), the dimensions are smaller:
286
-
287
-* **Outer Diameter (OD):** **4.80 mm to 4.90 mm**.
288
-* **Spline Count:** Usually **21 Teeth** (21T) or sometimes **20T**.
289
-* **Center Screw:** Typically requires an **M2** or **M2.5** screw.
290
-
291
-
292
-
293
-#### 3. Comparison Table for Design
294
-
295
-| Servo Class | Typical Model | Shaft OD (mm) | Spline Count | Screw Size |
296
-| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
297
-| **Micro** | SG90 / MG90S | ~4.85 mm | 21T | M2 / M2.5 |
298
-| **Standard** | MG996R / S3003 | ~5.95 mm | 25T | M3 |
299
-| **Large/Giant** | HS-805BB | ~8.00 mm | 15T / 17T | M4 |
300
-
301
-
302
-## code
303
-
304
-- [[code-dat]]
305
-
306
-
307
-## ref
308
-
309
-- [[motor-dat]]
310
-
311
-- [[servo]]
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@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-gimbal-dat
3
-
4
-- [[gimbal]]
5
-
6
-![](2025-12-04-01-10-28.png)
7
-
8
-
9
-## installation steps
10
-
11
-![](2025-10-02-17-58-58.png)
12
-
13
-![](2025-10-02-17-59-39.png)
14
-
15
-![](2025-10-02-18-00-30.png)
16
-
17
-
18
-## 2 degree gimbal
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-![](2026-01-19-19-26-47.png)
23
-
24
-![](2026-01-19-19-27-39.png)
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-## ref
29
-
30
-- [[servo-dat]]
31
-
32
-- [[servo]]
33
-
34
-
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-horn-dat/2026-02-27-03-26-25.png
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@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# servo-horn-dat
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-- [[servo-connector-dat]] - [[servo-horn-dat]]
8
-
9
-## servo horn types
10
-
11
-![](2026-02-27-03-26-25.png)
12
-
13
-![](2026-02-27-03-32-25.png)
14
-
15
-![](2026-02-27-04-16-14.png)
16
-
17
-## info
18
-
19
-
20
-In the context of servo motors and robotics, the connector that attaches to the output shaft is most commonly called a Servo Horn.
21
-
22
-Depending on the specific part of the linkage you are referring to, here are the standard English terms used in mechanical design and RC hobbyism:
23
-
24
-1. The Main Connector (Attaches to the Shaft)
25
-
26
-Servo Horn: The most common term. These come in various shapes:
27
-
28
-- Single Arm: A straight lever extending in one direction.
29
-- Double Arm: A straight lever extending in two opposite directions.
30
-- Cross / Four-way: Shaped like a "+" for multiple attachment points.
31
-- Circular / Round Horn: A disc shape, often used for mounting larger gears or pulleys.
32
-
33
-Servo Arm: Often used interchangeably with "horn," typically referring to the lever-style connectors.
34
-
35
-2. The Linkage Components (Connecting the Horn to the Load)
36
-If you are looking for the parts that connect the servo horn to the rest of your Rover V2 chassis, you likely need these:
37
-
38
-- Linkage Rod / Pushrod: The metal or plastic rod that transmits the motion.
39
-- Ball Link: A joint that allows for multi-angle rotation, very common in steering assemblies to prevent binding.
40
-- Clevis: A U-shaped fastener that clips onto the holes of the servo horn.
41
-- Turnbuckle: A threaded rod that allows you to adjust the length of the linkage without disconnecting it.
42
-
43
-3. Technical Terms for CAD and Sourcing
44
-
45
-If you are searching for parts or designing a custom 3D-printed attachment, use these technical keywords:
46
-
47
-- Spline: The "teeth" on the servo output shaft. You must match the spline count (e.g., 25T for standard Futaba/MG996R servos or 21T/23T for others).
48
-- Spline Adapter: A component that converts the servo spline into a different mounting interface (like a D-shaft or a hex mount).
49
-- Servo Hub: A heavy-duty aluminum connector, usually circular, used for high-torque applications.
50
-
51
-
52
-## ref
53
-
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-rank-dat/2026-02-28-01-13-38.png
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@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# servo-rank-dat
4
-
5
-| model | torque KG/CM | LRC | note | order |
6
-| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------- | --------------- |
7
-| RDS5180 80KG | 80KG~105KG @ 8.4V | 6.5A | | |
8
-| RDS5160 60KG | 60~70KG @ 8.4V | 6.5A | | |
9
-| RDS3115 15KG | 15~17 @ 8.4V | 2.5A |
10
-| XINHUI | 60 / 45 / 35 / 25 / 20 | 6.2A / 1.25A / 1.13A | unit ?? | |
11
-| XINHUI high-speed | 25 / 10 | | unit ?? | |
12
-| NANGU | 35 @ 8.4V | 0.65A | | |
13
-| MG996R | 9~15 | | | [[SCU1012-DAT]] |
14
-| MG995 / MG946R / MG945 | 9~13 | | | [[SCU1012-DAT]] |
15
-| PTK 7465 7465W | 5.8 @ 8.4V | | | |
16
-| SG92R | 2.5 | | 9g | |
17
-| EMAX ES08MA | 1.8 @ 6V | | 9g | |
18
-| SG90 | 1.6 | | | [[SCU1030-DAT]] |
19
-| MG90S / MG90 | 2.0 | | | [[SCU1031-dat]] |
20
-| PTK 7350MG-D 5.5g |
21
-
22
-
23
-
24
-- [[current-dat]]
25
-
26
-
27
-## nangu
28
-
29
-steel gears, gears number == x4 or x5
30
-
31
-![](2026-02-28-01-13-38.png)
32
-
33
-![](2026-02-28-01-24-21.png)
34
-
35
-
36
-## ref
37
-
38
-- [[servo-dat]] - [[servo]]
39
-
40
-- [[robot]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/servo-dat/servo-waterproof-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# servo-waterproof-dat.md
3
-
4
-
5
-If you want to use a **servo underwater** and keep it fully waterproof, follow these strategies:
6
-
7
----
8
-
9
-## 1. Use a Waterproof Servo
10
-- **Buy a commercially waterproof servo** (used in RC boats, submarines, cars).
11
-- These servos are **internally sealed** with rubber gaskets around the motor and gears.
12
-- Check the **IP rating**: IP68 is ideal for full submersion.
13
-
14
----
15
-
16
-## 2. Encapsulation in a Waterproof Housing
17
-If the servo is not inherently waterproof:
18
-- **Housing:** Use a small **aluminum, plastic, or acrylic canister**.
19
-- **Sealing methods:**
20
- - **O-rings** at openings (shaft, wires).
21
- - **Epoxy or silicone sealant** for gaps.
22
-- **Cable entry:** Use **watertight cable glands**.
23
-- **Pressure:** For deep water, the housing must resist **external water pressure** (e.g., 10 m ≈ 1 atm; 100 m ≈ 10 atm).
24
-
25
----
26
-
27
-## 3. Lubrication and Corrosion Protection
28
-- Apply **marine grease** on gears to prevent rust.
29
-- Prefer **stainless steel or plastic gears**.
30
-- Avoid motors sensitive to water (like uncoated brushed motors).
31
-
32
----
33
-
34
-- [[shaft-waterproof-dat]]
35
-
36
-## 5. Pressure Considerations
37
-- At **deep depths** (>50 m), water pressure can crush the servo or housing.
38
-- Housing must be **strong enough** (aluminum or thick acrylic).
39
-- Calculate **wall thickness** using:
40
-
41
- P=ρgh, then choose a material with a safety factor.
42
-
43
-✅ Tip: For shallow water RC boats or ROVs (<10 m), many servos with proper epoxy coating or silicone sealing work. For deeper submersion, you almost always need a sealed housing or a servo designed for underwater use.
44
-
45
-- [[silicon-grease-dat]]
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@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# nema-17-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-## dimension
6
-
7
-screw pitching base == 44mm
8
-
9
-![](2025-06-01-18-23-10.png)
10
-
11
-common Specifications
12
-
13
-![](2025-06-01-18-24-29.png)
14
-
15
-
16
-
17
-## ref
18
-
19
-- [[stepper-dat]]
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/stepper-dat/nema-23-dat/nema-23-dat.md
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-
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-# nema-23-dat
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-
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-
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-
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-## NEMA 23 Motor
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-
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-### NEMA 23 Motor Overview
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-
10
-A **NEMA 23** motor is a **stepper motor** with a standard **mounting flange size** defined by the **National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)**. It is widely used in CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, and automation systems.
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-
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-#### Key Features of NEMA 23 Motor
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-
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-##### 1. Frame Size
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-- The **NEMA 23** standard specifies that the motor has a **2.3-inch (57.15mm) x 2.3-inch (57.15mm) faceplate size** for mounting.
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-- The **length of the motor varies**, affecting torque and power output.
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-
18
-##### 2. Stepper Type
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-- Most **NEMA 23 motors are stepper motors**, typically **1.8° per step** (200 steps per revolution), but variations exist.
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-- Some models have finer step angles (e.g., **0.9° per step**, 400 steps per revolution).
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-
22
-##### 3. Torque & Power
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-- The **torque** varies based on the motor length and current rating, typically ranging from **0.3 Nm to over 3.0 Nm**.
24
-- Higher torque versions are often **longer and require higher current**.
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-
26
-##### 4. Voltage & Current
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-- Operates typically on **12V to 48V** (varies based on driver and application).
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-- Current ratings range from **2A to 6A per phase**, depending on the winding configuration.
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-
30
-##### 5. Shaft & Wiring
31
-- Shaft diameter is usually **6.35mm (1/4 inch) or 8mm**.
32
-- Common wiring configurations: **4-wire, 6-wire, or 8-wire** for unipolar or bipolar operation.
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-
34
-#### Common Applications of NEMA 23 Stepper Motors
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-- **CNC Machines** (milling, laser cutters, engraving machines)
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-- **3D Printers** (especially for larger or industrial-grade machines)
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-- **Robotics & Automation Systems**
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-- **Textile and Packaging Machines**
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-- **Conveyor Belt Systems**
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-
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-![](2025-06-01-18-21-25.png)
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-
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-## ref
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-
45
-- [[stepper-dat]]
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/stepper-dat/stepper-dat.md
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-
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-# stepper-dat
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-
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-- [[stepper-driver-dat]]
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-
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-
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-
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-## boards
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-
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-- [[SCU1024-dat]]
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-
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-[[motor-driver-dat]] - [[SDR1050-dat]]
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-
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-
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-
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-## tech
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-
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--standard - [[NEMA-dat]] - [[NEMA17-dat]] - [[NEMA-23-dat]]
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-## common options
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-
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-- dual shaft
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-
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-## common motors specs NEMA 23
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-
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-![](2025-04-29-13-07-08.png)
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-
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-
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-## How to identify the common port of a 4-wire motor:
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-
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-Use the resistance * 1 position of the multimeter to measure the four terminals separately.
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-
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-If the resistance value of one terminal is the smallest and equal to that of the other three terminals, then this terminal is the COM terminal, which is the common terminal.
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-
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-The driver board automatically identifies 3-wire or 4-wire brushless motors,
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-
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-4-wire brushless motors can also be connected without COM lines.
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-
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-
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-## NMEA Series
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-
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-- [[NEMA-17-dat]] - [[NEMA-23-dat]]
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-
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-| NEMA Size | Faceplate Size (mm) | Typical Torque (N·m) | Typical Current (A) | Common Use Cases |
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-|-----------|----------------------|----------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------|
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-| NEMA 6 | 15 x 15 | < 0.01 | 0.2 – 0.5 | Tiny devices, precision instruments |
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-| NEMA 8 | 20 x 20 | 0.01 – 0.03 | 0.3 – 0.8 | Compact medical devices, miniature robotics |
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-| NEMA 11 | 28 x 28 | 0.04 – 0.1 | 0.6 – 1.2 | Small automation, instrumentation |
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-| NEMA 14 | 35 x 35 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 0.8 – 1.5 | Light-duty CNC, compact robotics |
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-| NEMA 16 | 39 x 39 | 0.15 – 0.25 | 1.0 – 1.8 | Slightly more powerful applications |
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-| **NEMA 17** | 42 x 42 | 0.2 – 0.5 | 1.0 – 2.0 | 3D printers, desktop CNC, hobby electronics |
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-| **NEMA 23** | 57 x 57 | 0.6 – 3.0 | 2.0 – 3.5 | CNC machines, automation, robotics |
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-| NEMA 24 | 60 x 60 | 2.0 – 4.0 | 2.0 – 4.0 | Industrial applications |
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-| NEMA 34 | 86 x 86 | 4.0 – 12.0 | 3.5 – 6.0 | Heavy-duty CNC, automation systems |
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-| NEMA 42 | 110 x 110 | 10 – 20+ | 5.0 – 10.0 | Large industrial machinery |
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-
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-
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-## apps
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-
63
-- [[TPlink-dat]]
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-
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-[dissembled TP LINK security camera post ](https://www.electrodragon.com/teardown-a-tplink-security-camera-after-oil-soaking/)
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-
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-
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-
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-## ref
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-
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-- [[stepper]]
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\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/ESC-dat/2025-09-13-15-48-28.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/ESC-dat/ESC-dat.md
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+
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+# ESC-dat
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+
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+- [[ESC-dat]] - [[VESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[FOC-dat]]
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+
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+
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+- [[RC-kits-dat]]
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+
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+
10
+- **Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)**: Controls the speed of the motors by adjusting the power supplied to them. ESCs are essential for smooth and responsive flight.
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+
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+
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+![](2025-09-13-15-48-28.png)
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+
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+
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+
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+## Using a Single ESC for a 200W BLDC Motor
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+
19
+A **single ESC** (Electronic Speed Controller) is the standard way to control a 200W BLDC motor. Since you are aiming for high torque and smooth operation, here is how to select and use one professionally:
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+
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+#### 1. Key Specifications to Match
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+To prevent the ESC from overheating, you must match the current (Amps) to your power goal:
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+* **The Math:** $Current (A) = \frac{Power (200W)}{Voltage (V)}$
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+* **Recommended Buffer:** Always choose an ESC with a current rating **2x higher** than your calculated continuous current to handle torque spikes.
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+
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+| Battery Voltage | Continuous Amps | Recommended ESC Rating |
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+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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+| **12V** | 16.7 A | **35A - 40A** |
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+| **24V** | 8.3 A | **20A - 25A** |
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+| **36V** | 5.5 A | **15A - 20A** |
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+
32
+---
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+
34
+#### 2. Why "Robotics" ESCs are better than "Drone" ESCs
35
+For a project involving an 8mm shaft and gear reduction, **avoid standard Drone ESCs**. They are optimized for high RPM, not low-speed torque.
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+
37
+* **Best Professional Choice:** **VESC (Vedder ESC)**. It is designed for high-torque applications, supports **FOC** (silent and smooth), and is highly programmable.
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+* **Sensored Control:** If your motor has Hall sensors (5 small wires), use a **Sensored ESC**. This allows the motor to start smoothly under heavy load without "shuddering."
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+
40
+
41
+
42
+---
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+
44
+#### 3. Connection Setup
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+A single ESC acts as the "middleman" in your system:
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+1. **Input:** Connected to your Battery (XT60 or XT90 connectors).
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+2. **Output:** Three thick wires (Phases A, B, C) connected to the motor.
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+3. **Control:** A signal wire (PWM/PPM or UART) connected to an Arduino, ESP32, or a remote receiver.
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+
50
+- [[VESC-dat]]
51
+
52
+---
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+
54
+### Summary for your 200W Setup:
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+* **Driver Method:** Use **FOC** for the best torque delivery.
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+* **Hardware:** A **VESC 4.12** or **Mini VESC** is perfect for 200W.
57
+* **Safety:** Ensure you have a common ground between the ESC and your controller.
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+
59
+
60
+## ref
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+
62
+- [[acturator-dat]]
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/ESC-dat/VESC-dat/2026-03-02-22-09-43.png
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/ESC-dat/VESC-dat/VESC-dat.md
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+
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+
3
+# VESC-dat
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+
5
+- [[ESC-dat]] - [[VESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[FOC-dat]]
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+
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+- [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[mosfet-dat]]
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+
9
+**VESC** (Vedder Electronic Speed Controller) is an open-source, professional-grade **Motor Controller** specifically designed for high-performance BLDC (Brushless DC) motors. Unlike standard hobbyist ESCs, it is optimized for **reliability**, **precision**, and **high torque**.
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+
11
+
12
+
13
+### Why is it the "Pro Choice" for DIY Projects?
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+
15
+1. **Advanced FOC Support:** It is famous for its **Field Oriented Control (FOC)** implementation, allowing motors to run silently and smoothly even at very low speeds.
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+2. **Highly Programmable:** Using the **VESC Tool** software, you can adjust almost every parameter, including current limits, voltage cutoffs, and throttle curves.
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+3. **Regenerative Braking:** It can take the kinetic energy from braking and pump it back into your battery, which is essential for electric scooters or rovers.
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+4. **Sensored & Sensorless:** It works perfectly with motor Hall sensors for maximum startup torque from a standstill.
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+
20
+
21
+
22
+---
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+
24
+### VESC vs. Standard Hobby ESC
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+
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+| Feature | Standard ESC (Drone/RC) | VESC |
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+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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+| **Control Method** | Mostly Trapezoidal (Noisy) | **FOC / Vector (Silent)** |
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+| **Startup Torque** | Weak (Needs a "kick") | **Strong (Smooth start)** |
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+| **Safety Features** | Minimal | **Temperature & Overcurrent Protection** |
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+| **Data Logging** | None | **Real-time Telemetry via USB/Bluetooth** |
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+
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+## VESC boards
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-22-09-43.png)
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+
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+
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+## ref
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+
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+- [[INA240-dat]]
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+
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+
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+- [[VESC]] - [[motor-driver]]
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+
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+
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+- [[LM339-dat]] - [[LM393-dat]]
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/motor-BLDC-driver-dat/motor-BLDC-driver-dat.md
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+
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+# motor-BLDC-driver-dat
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+
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+- [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]] - [[motor-brushless-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
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+
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+- [[FOC-dat]]
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+
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+
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+- [[ESC-dat]] - [[VESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[FOC-dat]]
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+
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+
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+### FOC (Field Oriented Control) Explained
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+
14
+**FOC** is indeed a **driving method** (or algorithm) used by a **Motor Controller** to manage the current going into a BLDC motor. It is also professionally known as **Vector Control**.
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+
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+#### How it Compares to Other Methods:
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+
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+| Driving Method | Control Waveform | Performance | Noise Level |
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+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
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+| **Trapezoidal (6-Step)** | Blocky "On/Off" steps | Good for high speed, jerky at low speed | **Loud** (High-pitched whine) |
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+| **Sinusoidal** | Smooth Sine waves | Smoother than Trapezoidal | Quiet |
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+| **FOC (Vector)** | Precise mathematical alignment | **Highest Torque & Efficiency** | **Silent** |
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+
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+
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+### common motor-BLDC-driver
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+
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+- app for [[electric-scooter-dat]]
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+
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+- back side image see at [[mosfet-array-dat]]
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-20-35.png)
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+
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+
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-24-27.png)
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+
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+- [[ST-dat]]
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+
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+- [[mosfet-dat]] - [[mosfet-driver-dat]] - [[FD6287-dat]] - [[fortior-dat]]
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+
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+- [[mosfet-dat]] == PY1908 / D60N03
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-33-02.png)
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+
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+
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+mosfet and [[LDO-dat]] - [[78xx-dat]]
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+
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-41-13.png)
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+
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+
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+- OK622 == ?
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-33-25.png)
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+
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+CONN
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+
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+version 1
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-23-16.png)
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+
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+version 2 == main version
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+
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+
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+![](2026-03-02-21-37-36.png)
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+
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+common interface
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+
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+- [[CONN-XT-dat]] == Power input
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+- [[CONN-XT-dat]] == Motor three phase == U V W
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+- 4pin == 5V GND RX TX == speed control
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+- 3pin == 3V3 AD GND == [[break-dat]]
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+- 2pin ==
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+- 5pin ==
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+
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+## ref
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+
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+- [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
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Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-driver-dat/motor-driver-dat.md
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@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
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10 10
- [[cable-dat]] - [[conn-cable-terminal-dat]] - [[wire-2-wire-dat]]
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+- [[ESC-dat]] - [[VESC-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[FOC-dat]]
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13 14
14 15
- [[BLDC-dat]]
Tech-dat/peripherals-dat/peripherals-dat.md
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2 2
# peripherals-dat
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4 4
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+
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+
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+## AI relevant
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+
9
+- [[camera-dat]] - [[sensor-microphone-dat]]
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+
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+## basic
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+
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+
5 14
- [[protection-dat]] - [[protection-power-dat]]
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7 16
Tech-dat/sensor-camera-dat/sensor-Camera-dat.md
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
1 1
2 2
3
-# camera-dat
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+# sensor-camera-dat
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5 5
- [[video-dat]] - [[image-dat]]
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... ...
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
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- [[lens-dat]] - [[optical-design-dat]]
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18 18
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-
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+- [[]]
20 20
21 21
## boards
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... ...
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@
28 28
29 29
- [[SCM1000-dat]] - [[SCM1002-dat]] - [[SCM1012-dat]] - [[SCM1013-dat]] - [[SCMS015-dat]]
30 30
31
+- [[ESP32-S3-APP-dat]]
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+
33
+
34
+
35
+
31 36
32 37
## sensor look like
33 38
Tech-dat/sensor-camera-dat/sensor-camera-HDK-dat/sensor-camera-HDK-dat.md
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+
2
+
3
+
4
+# sensor-camera-HDK-dat
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+
6
+- [[OV3660-dat]] - [[omnivision-dat]]
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+
8
+- [[LDO-2CH-dat]] - [[LDO-dat]]
app-dat/electric-scooter-dat/electric-scooter-dat.md
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+
2
+# electric-scooter-dat
3
+
4
+- [[electric-scooter-dat]] - [[roller-dat]]
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+
6
+
7
+- [[motor-BLDC-driver-dat]] - [[motor-brushless-dat]] - [[motor-driver-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
8
+
9
+## Electric Scooter RPM at 20 km/h
10
+
11
+For a standard electric scooter or bike (with 14–16 inch outer tire diameter), the motor speed at **20 km/h** is typically between **250 and 300 RPM**.
12
+
13
+#### Core Calculation Formula:
14
+$$RPM = \frac{Speed (km/h) \times 16.67}{Tire Circumference (meters)}$$
15
+
16
+#### Common Tire Size Reference:
17
+| Tire Outer Diameter | Circumference | RPM at 20 km/h | Typical Vehicle |
18
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
19
+| **14 inch** | ~1.12 m | **~298 RPM** | Compact E-bikes |
20
+| **16 inch** | ~1.28 m | **~260 RPM** | Standard Scooters |
21
+
22
+
23
+
24
+## tech
25
+
26
+- [[motor-brushless-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
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+
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+## ref
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+
33
+
app-dat/robot-dat/robot-dat.md
... ...
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
46 46
47 47
[[control-system-dat]] - [[RPI-dat]] - [[PS2-console-dat]] - [[SBC-dat]]
48 48
49
-[[sensor-dat]] - [[sensor-Camera-dat]] - [[RPI-camera-dat]]
49
+[[sensor-dat]] - [[sensor-Camera-dat]] - [[RPI-camera-dat]] - [[sensor-gesture-dat]]
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+
50 51
51 52
[[power-dat]] - [[lithium-battery-dat]]
52 53
... ...
@@ -78,6 +79,67 @@
78 79
79 80
80 81
82
+## Top 10 Best-Selling Consumer Robots (2026 Market Analysis)
83
+
84
+The consumer robotics market is currently bifurcated between established "Utility" robots (cleaning/maintenance) and rapidly growing "Personal/Social" robots.
85
+
86
+---
87
+
88
+## 1. Robotic Vacuum Cleaners (RVCs)
89
+* **Market Share:** ~40% of all consumer robot sales.
90
+* **Leading Brands:** Roborock, iRobot (Roomba), Ecovacs, Dreame.
91
+* **Status:** The "Gold Standard" for home robotics. In 2026, the market has shifted entirely toward "All-in-One" stations that handle auto-emptying, mop washing, and hot-air drying.
92
+
93
+## 2. Consumer Drones
94
+* **Leading Brands:** DJI (Mavic, Mini, Air series), Potensic, Autel.
95
+* **Status:** While often viewed as cameras, their autonomous flight controllers and obstacle avoidance systems make them high-volume robotics products. DJI remains the dominant player with over 70% market share.
96
+
97
+## 3. Robotic Lawn Mowers
98
+* **Leading Brands:** Husqvarna (Automower), Worx (Landroid), Segway (Navimow), Mammotion.
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+* **Status:** Sales have exploded in 2025-2026 due to the perfection of **RTK-GPS** (satellite) and **Vision-based** navigation, which eliminated the need for "boundary wires" in the garden.
100
+
101
+## 4. Pool Cleaning Robots
102
+* **Leading Brands:** Maytronics (Dolphin), Aiper, Zodiac.
103
+* **Status:** A staple in North American and Australian markets. Newer cordless models with intelligent path planning have significantly increased adoption rates.
104
+
105
+## 5. Educational & STEM Robots
106
+* **Leading Brands:** LEGO (Spike Prime), DJI (RoboMaster S1/EP), Sphero, Makeblock.
107
+* **Status:** High volume driven by schools and hobbyist parents. These robots focus on modularity and learning Python/C++ through physical interaction.
108
+
109
+## 6. Social & Companion Robots (AI Pets)
110
+* **Leading Brands:** LivingAI (EMO), Enabot (EBO X), Elephant Robotics (MarsCat).
111
+* **Status:** This category saw a massive spike in 2025 due to **Large Language Model (LLM)** integration. These robots now provide genuine emotional interaction and smart home control.
112
+
113
+## 7. Consumer Quadruped Robots (Robot Dogs)
114
+* **Leading Brands:** Unitree (Go2), Xiaomi (CyberDog 2).
115
+* **Status:** No longer just for labs. Unitree’s aggressive pricing (starting around $1,600) has made the **Go2** a popular choice for tech enthusiasts and outdoor vloggers.
116
+
117
+## 8. Window Cleaning Robots
118
+* **Leading Brands:** Ecovacs (Winbot), HOBOT.
119
+* **Status:** Highly popular in high-density urban areas (like Hong Kong or Shanghai). They utilize vacuum suction to stick to glass and clean autonomously.
120
+
121
+## 9. Desktop Smart Assistants
122
+* **Leading Brands:** Luckybot (RUX), Anki (Vector 2.0).
123
+* **Status:** Small-scale robots that live on your desk. They act as "physical widgets," showing crypto prices, weather, and notifications with emotive animations.
124
+
125
+## 10. Entry-Level Humanoid Robots
126
+* **Leading Brands:** Unitree (G1), Figure (Figure 01 - early consumer trials).
127
+* **Status:** While still in the "Early Adopter" phase in 2026, the **Unitree G1** (priced at ~$16,000) has officially entered the consumer market, making it the first humanoid to reach significant sales volume for home developers.
128
+
129
+---
130
+
131
+### Market Segmentation Table
132
+
133
+| Category | Primary Use Case | Growth Rate (YoY) |
134
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
135
+| **Domestic Cleaning** | Vacuums, Mops, Windows | 12% |
136
+| **Outdoor Maintenance** | Mowers, Pool Cleaners | 25% |
137
+| **Social/Entertainment** | Companion Pets, Desktop AI | 45% |
138
+| **Specialized Hardware** | Robot Dogs, Humanoids | 60% (from low base) |
139
+
140
+
141
+
142
+
81 143
82 144
## ref
83 145
battery-dat/battery-alkaline-dat/battery-AG3-dat/2026-03-01-15-02-08.png
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battery-dat/battery-alkaline-dat/battery-AG3-dat/battery-AG3-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# battery-AG3-dat
4
+
5
+store in the humidity evvironment
6
+
7
+![](2026-03-01-15-02-08.png)
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
13
+- [[battery-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
battery-dat/battery-holder-dat/battery-holder-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
3 3
4 4
- [[CR2032-holder-dat]] - [[AA-battery-holder-dat]] - [[18650-battery-holder-dat]]
5 5
6
+
7
+
8
+## boards
9
+
10
+- [[PPB1080-dat]]
11
+
12
+
6 13
## 18650 battery holder
7 14
8 15
![](2025-08-30-16-22-09.png)
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/gear-dat/gear-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1 1
2 2
# gear-dat
3 3
4
-
4
+- [[gear-dat]] - [[gearbox-dat]]
5 5
6 6
- [[RPM-dat]] - [[physics-dat]] - [[gear-dat]] - [[Sprocket-dat]] - [[wheel-dat]]
7 7
mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/screw-dat/screw-Self-tapping-dat/2026-03-01-19-08-57.png
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mechanics-dat/mechanical-parts-dat/screw-dat/screw-Self-tapping-dat/screw-Self-tapping-dat.md
... ...
@@ -13,4 +13,17 @@ Pilot hole: 引导孔。
13 13
14 14
Thread pitch: 螺距。
15 15
16
-Course thread: 粗牙螺纹（塑料件常用）。
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+Course thread: 粗牙螺纹（塑料件常用）。
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+
5
+## screw into 3d printed parts
6
+
7
+![](2026-03-01-19-08-57.png)
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
13
+- [[screw-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
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mechanics-dat/mechanism-dat/gearbox-dat/gearbox-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,9 +3,25 @@
3 3
4 4
- [[gear-dat]] - [[gear-worm-dat]] - [[gearbox-dat]]
5 5
6
+- [[gear-dat]] - [[gearbox-dat]]
6 7
7 8
8 9
10
+## type of gearbox
11
+
12
+### Planetary Gearbox:
13
+
14
+These are highly efficient and keep the output shaft in line with the motor shaft. They are great for high-torque applications like robotics or electric vehicles.
15
+
16
+![](2026-03-02-20-51-29.png)
17
+
18
+![](2026-03-02-20-51-45.png)
19
+
20
+### Worm Gearbox:
21
+
22
+These provide massive reduction in a small space (e.g., 60:1) and have a "self-locking" feature, meaning the output shaft won't turn unless the motor is spinning.
23
+
24
+
9 25
10 26
## common gearbox
11 27
... ...
@@ -32,6 +48,12 @@ RC clawer gearbox
32 48
33 49
![](2025-12-10-15-21-24.png)
34 50
51
+
52
+work with [[motor-stepper-dat]] - [[motor-brushless-dat]] - [[motor-servo-dat]]
53
+
54
+![](2026-03-02-21-05-32.png)
55
+
56
+
35 57
## ref
36 58
37 59
- [[gearbox]] - [[mechanism]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
power-dat/LDO-dat/LDO-2CH-dat/2026-03-02-18-17-30.png
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power-dat/LDO-dat/LDO-2CH-dat/LDO-2CH-dat.md
... ...
@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@
4 4
- [[XC6206-dat]]
5 5
6 6
7
-SCH 1
7
+## XC6206 SCH 1
8 8
9 9
![](2025-11-01-19-31-12.png)
10 10
11
+
12
+## ME6206
13
+
14
+![](2026-03-02-18-17-30.png)
15
+
16
+
11 17
## ref
12 18
13 19
- [[LDO-2CH]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
product-dat/product-dat.md
... ...
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
16 16
17 17
- [[screw-thumb-dat]] - [[nut-thumb-dat]] - [[product-dat]] - [[user-friendly-mechanical-design-dat]]
18 18
19
-
19
+- [[screw-self-tapping-dat]]
20 20
21 21
22 22