Board-dat/OPM/OPM1181-dat/OPM1181-dat.md
... ...
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ Please note it may take a long time to fully charge a battery.
31 31
32 32
- [[rechargerable-battery-dat]] - [[battery-dat]]
33 33
34
-- [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
34
+- [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
35 35
36 36
- [[OPM1181]] - [[CN3768]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Chip-cn-dat/CONSONANCE-dat/CONSONANCE-dat.md
... ...
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
32 32
33 33
- [[CN3791-dat]] - 4A, Standalone Li-ion Battery Charger IC With Photovoltaic Cell MPPT Function - [[dse-cn3791.pdf]] - [[li-battery-dat]]
34 34
35
-- [[CN3768-dat]] - 4A, 12V Lead-Acid Battery Charger IC - [[OPM1181-dat]] - [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
35
+- [[CN3768-dat]] - 4A, 12V Lead-Acid Battery Charger IC - [[OPM1181-dat]] - [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
36 36
37 37
- [[BAT1002-dat]] - [[DSE-CN3065.pdf]]
38 38
PCB-dat/EDA-dat/kicad-dat/kidcad-workflow-dat/kicad-pcb-dat/kicad-pcb-dat.md
... ...
@@ -18,47 +18,47 @@
18 18
19 19
20 20
21
-| Action | Hotkey |
22
-| ----------------------------------- | ----------- |
23
-| Rotate Counterclockwise | R |
24
-| Custom Track/Via Size | Q |
25
-| Switch to Component (F.Cu) layer | PgUp |
26
-| Switch to Copper (B.Cu) Layer | PgDn |
27
-| Pack and Move Footprints | P |
28
-| Select All Unconnected Footprints | O |
29
-| Move | M |
30
-| Toggle Lock | L |
31
-| Sketch Tracks | K |
32
-| Create Corner | Ins |
33
-| Drag Free Angle | G |
34
-| Change Side / Flip | F |
35
-| Attempt Finish | F |
36
-| Properties | E |
37
-| Drag 45 Degree Mode | D |
38
-| Clear Net Highlighting | ~ |
39
-| Increase Layer Opacity | { |
40
-| Decrease Layer Opacity | } |
41
-| Highlight Net | ` |
42
-| Decrease Via Size | \ |
43
-| Route Single Track | X |
44
-| Switch Track Width to Next | W |
45
-| Place Through Via | V |
46
-| Toggle Layer | V |
47
-| Select/Expand Connection | U |
48
-| Skip | Tab |
49
-| Get and Move Footprint | T |
50
-| Route Selected | Shift+X |
51
-| Switch Track Width to Previous | Shift+W |
52
-| Cycle Layer Pair Presets | Shift+V |
53
-| Constrain to H, V, 45 | Shift+Space |
54
-| Rotate Clockwise | Shift+R |
55
-| Position Relative To | Shift+P |
56
-| Grab Nearest Unconnected Footprints | Shift+O |
57
-| Move Exactly | Shift+M |
58
-| Attempt Finish Selected (Autoroute) | Shift+F |
59
-| Route Selected From Other End | Shift+E |
60
-| Delete Full Track | Shift+Del |
61
-| Add a Zone Cutout | Shift+C |
21
+| Action | Hotkey |
22
+| ------------------------------------ | ----------- |
23
+| Rotate Counterclockwise | R |
24
+| Custom Track/Via Size | Q |
25
+| **Switch to Component (F.Cu) layer** | PgUp |
26
+| **Switch to Copper (B.Cu) Layer** | PgDn |
27
+| Pack and Move Footprints | P |
28
+| Select All Unconnected Footprints | O |
29
+| Move | M |
30
+| Toggle Lock | L |
31
+| Sketch Tracks | K |
32
+| Create Corner | Ins |
33
+| Drag Free Angle | G |
34
+| **Change Side / Flip** | F |
35
+| **Attempt Finish** | F |
36
+| **Properties** | E |
37
+| Drag 45 Degree Mode | D |
38
+| Clear Net Highlighting | ~ |
39
+| Increase Layer Opacity | { |
40
+| Decrease Layer Opacity | } |
41
+| Highlight Net | ` |
42
+| Decrease Via Size | \ |
43
+| Route Single Track | X |
44
+| Switch Track Width to Next | W |
45
+| Place Through Via | V |
46
+| **Toggle Layer** | V |
47
+| **Select/Expand Connection** | U |
48
+| Skip | Tab |
49
+| Get and Move Footprint | T |
50
+| Route Selected | Shift+X |
51
+| Switch Track Width to Previous | Shift+W |
52
+| Cycle Layer Pair Presets | Shift+V |
53
+| Constrain to H, V, 45 | Shift+Space |
54
+| Rotate Clockwise | Shift+R |
55
+| Position Relative To | Shift+P |
56
+| Grab Nearest Unconnected Footprints | Shift+O |
57
+| Move Exactly | Shift+M |
58
+| Attempt Finish Selected (Autoroute) | Shift+F |
59
+| Route Selected From Other End | Shift+E |
60
+| Delete Full Track | Shift+Del |
61
+| Add a Zone Cutout | Shift+C |
62 62
63 63
64 64
app-dat/Apocalypse-dat/ESS-dat/ESS-dat.md
... ...
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Energy storage system (ESS)
9 9
10 10
## Power sotage
11 11
12
-- [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]] - [[li-battery-dat]]
12
+- [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]] - [[li-battery-dat]]
13 13
14 14
### And more
15 15
app-dat/power-storage-dat/power-storage-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1 1
2 2
# power-storage-dat
3 3
4
-- [[solar-panel-dat]] - [[solar-charge-controller-dat]] - [[battery-dat]] ( [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]] )- [[inverter-dat]]
4
+- [[solar-panel-dat]] - [[solar-charge-controller-dat]] - [[battery-dat]] ( [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]] )- [[inverter-dat]]
5 5
6 6
7 7
## Building Your Own Solar Power System: A DIY Guide
battery-dat/battery-Lead-acid-dat/Lead-acid-battery-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# Lead-acid-battery-dat
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-## charge board
8
-
9
-- [[OPM1181-dat]]
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-Batteries store the energy produced by your solar panels for later use.
16
-
17
-## Types:
18
-
19
-### General Lead-Acid Batteries:
20
-
21
-Common in automotive applications. They are relatively inexpensive and the technology is mature. However, they are heavy, have a shorter lifespan (approx. 3 years), require maintenance, and are not suitable for frequent deep discharge (recommended depth of discharge is ~20%).
22
-
23
-### Deep Cycle Lead-Acid Batteries:
24
-
25
-Designed for deep discharge (up to 80% or more) without significantly affecting lifespan. They have thicker plates and durable materials, making them well-suited for solar power systems, electric vehicles, and campers requiring continuous, stable power.
26
-
27
-
28
-**Capacity:** Measured in Amp-hours (Ah). A 12V 100Ah battery stores 12V * 100Ah = 1200 Watt-hours (Wh) of energy.
29
-
30
-![](2025-06-15-01-53-06.png)
31
-
32
-
33
-## lead-acid-battery-dat
34
-
35
-- LAB: Lead-Acid Battery
36
-- 蓄电池 (xù diàn chí) is the Chinese term for "rechargeable battery." It is a type of electrical battery that can be recharged multiple times. It is commonly used in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and many other portable devices.
37
-
38
-- Here are some links where you can find more information about 蓄电池:
39
-
40
-- Wikipedia: Rechargeable Battery - https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%84%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0
41
-- China Battery Industry Association - http://www.cbia.com.cn/
42
-- Battery University: Rechargeable Batteries - https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_rechargeable_batteries
43
-
44
-## voltage
45
-
46
-- 12V == [[solar-power-dat]]
47
-- 72V == [[motor-dat]]
48
-
49
-## LAB Example
50
-
51
-![](2025-04-21-16-25-17.png)
52
-
53
-2.6 Ah = 2.6 × 1000 = **2600 mAh**
54
-
55
-
56
-* **Brand:** ANJING
57
-* **Type:** Sealed Rechargeable Battery (Likely SLA/VRLA) Sealed Lead-Acid (a specific type, but often used generally)
58
-* **Nominal Voltage:** 12V
59
-* **Capacity:** 2.6Ah (Rated at 20-hour discharge rate - 12V 2.6Ah/20hr)
60
- * This implies a discharge current of 0.13A (2.6Ah / 20h) for 20 hours.
61
-* **Charging Method:** Constant Voltage Charge
62
- * **Standby Use (Float):** 13.50V - 13.80V
63
- * **Cycle Use:** 14.40V - 15.00V
64
- * **Initial Charging Current:** Less than 0.78A (0.3C)
65
-* **Chemistry:** Lead-acid (Pb symbol present)
66
-* **Markings:**
67
- * Recycling symbol
68
- * Do not dispose symbol (crossed-out bin)
69
-
70
-As noted on the battery (12V2.6Ah/20hr), this specific 2.6Ah rating was determined using a 20-hour discharge period. This means it was likely discharged at a current of 0.13A (2.6Ah / 20h = 0.13A) for 20 hours.
71
-
72
-
73
-### Estimated Runtime Calculation
74
-
75
-This calculation estimates how long the ANJING 12V 2.6Ah battery can power a 5V 1A load using a DC-DC converter.
76
-
77
-**1. Calculate Load Power:**
78
- - Load Voltage (V_load) = 5V
79
- - Load Current (I_load) = 1A
80
- - Load Power (P_load) = V_load × I_load = 5V × 1A = 5 Watts
81
-
82
-**2. Account for DC-DC Converter Efficiency:**
83
- - Assume a typical converter efficiency (η) = 85% (or 0.85). Real-world efficiency may vary.
84
- - Power drawn from the battery (P_batt) = P_load / η
85
- - P_batt = 5W / 0.85 ≈ 5.88 Watts
86
-
87
-**3. Calculate Current Drawn from Battery:**
88
- - Battery Nominal Voltage (V_batt) = 12V
89
- - Current drawn from battery (I_batt) = P_batt / V_batt
90
- - I_batt = 5.88W / 12V ≈ 0.49 Amps
91
-
92
-**4. Compare to Rated Discharge:**
93
- - The battery's capacity (2.6Ah) is rated for a 20-hour discharge (as noted in the file: `12V2.6Ah/20hr`).
94
- - Rated Discharge Current (I_rated) = 2.6Ah / 20h = 0.13 Amps
95
- - The calculated draw (0.49A) is significantly higher than the rated discharge current (0.13A).
96
-
97
-**5. Calculate Ideal Runtime (Ignoring Peukert's Effect):**
98
- - Battery Capacity (C) = 2.6Ah
99
- - Ideal Runtime (T_ideal) = C / I_batt
100
- - T_ideal = 2.6Ah / 0.49A ≈ 5.3 hours
101
-
102
-**6. Consider Peukert's Effect:**
103
- - Lead-acid batteries deliver less total capacity when discharged at rates higher than their rating (Peukert's Law).
104
- - Since 0.49A is much higher than the 0.13A rating, the *effective* capacity will be lower than 2.6Ah.
105
-
106
-**Conclusion:**
107
-
108
-The **ideal calculated runtime is approximately 5.3 hours**. However, due to the higher discharge current (0.49A vs. the 0.13A rating), the actual runtime will be **noticeably less than 5.3 hours**. The exact reduction depends on the specific Peukert exponent of this battery model, which is not provided.
109
-
110
-
111
-## app
112
-
113
-- [[power-storage-dat]]
114
-
115
-## ref
116
-
117
-- [[Lead-acid-battery]] - [[battery-rechargerable]] - [[power]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
battery-dat/battery-Lead-acid-dat/battery-Lead-acid-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
1
+
2
+# Lead-acid-battery-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
+
7
+## charge board
8
+
9
+- [[OPM1181-dat]]
10
+
11
+
12
+
13
+
14
+
15
+Batteries store the energy produced by your solar panels for later use.
16
+
17
+## Types:
18
+
19
+### General Lead-Acid Batteries:
20
+
21
+Common in automotive applications. They are relatively inexpensive and the technology is mature. However, they are heavy, have a shorter lifespan (approx. 3 years), require maintenance, and are not suitable for frequent deep discharge (recommended depth of discharge is ~20%).
22
+
23
+### Deep Cycle Lead-Acid Batteries:
24
+
25
+Designed for deep discharge (up to 80% or more) without significantly affecting lifespan. They have thicker plates and durable materials, making them well-suited for solar power systems, electric vehicles, and campers requiring continuous, stable power.
26
+
27
+
28
+**Capacity:** Measured in Amp-hours (Ah). A 12V 100Ah battery stores 12V * 100Ah = 1200 Watt-hours (Wh) of energy.
29
+
30
+![](2025-06-15-01-53-06.png)
31
+
32
+
33
+## lead-acid-battery-dat
34
+
35
+- LAB: Lead-Acid Battery
36
+- 蓄电池 (xù diàn chí) is the Chinese term for "rechargeable battery." It is a type of electrical battery that can be recharged multiple times. It is commonly used in various electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and many other portable devices.
37
+
38
+- Here are some links where you can find more information about 蓄电池:
39
+
40
+- Wikipedia: Rechargeable Battery - https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%84%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0
41
+- China Battery Industry Association - http://www.cbia.com.cn/
42
+- Battery University: Rechargeable Batteries - https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_rechargeable_batteries
43
+
44
+## voltage
45
+
46
+- 12V == [[solar-power-dat]]
47
+- 72V == [[motor-dat]]
48
+
49
+## LAB Example
50
+
51
+![](2025-04-21-16-25-17.png)
52
+
53
+2.6 Ah = 2.6 × 1000 = **2600 mAh**
54
+
55
+
56
+* **Brand:** ANJING
57
+* **Type:** Sealed Rechargeable Battery (Likely SLA/VRLA) Sealed Lead-Acid (a specific type, but often used generally)
58
+* **Nominal Voltage:** 12V
59
+* **Capacity:** 2.6Ah (Rated at 20-hour discharge rate - 12V 2.6Ah/20hr)
60
+ * This implies a discharge current of 0.13A (2.6Ah / 20h) for 20 hours.
61
+* **Charging Method:** Constant Voltage Charge
62
+ * **Standby Use (Float):** 13.50V - 13.80V
63
+ * **Cycle Use:** 14.40V - 15.00V
64
+ * **Initial Charging Current:** Less than 0.78A (0.3C)
65
+* **Chemistry:** Lead-acid (Pb symbol present)
66
+* **Markings:**
67
+ * Recycling symbol
68
+ * Do not dispose symbol (crossed-out bin)
69
+
70
+As noted on the battery (12V2.6Ah/20hr), this specific 2.6Ah rating was determined using a 20-hour discharge period. This means it was likely discharged at a current of 0.13A (2.6Ah / 20h = 0.13A) for 20 hours.
71
+
72
+
73
+### Estimated Runtime Calculation
74
+
75
+This calculation estimates how long the ANJING 12V 2.6Ah battery can power a 5V 1A load using a DC-DC converter.
76
+
77
+**1. Calculate Load Power:**
78
+ - Load Voltage (V_load) = 5V
79
+ - Load Current (I_load) = 1A
80
+ - Load Power (P_load) = V_load × I_load = 5V × 1A = 5 Watts
81
+
82
+**2. Account for DC-DC Converter Efficiency:**
83
+ - Assume a typical converter efficiency (η) = 85% (or 0.85). Real-world efficiency may vary.
84
+ - Power drawn from the battery (P_batt) = P_load / η
85
+ - P_batt = 5W / 0.85 ≈ 5.88 Watts
86
+
87
+**3. Calculate Current Drawn from Battery:**
88
+ - Battery Nominal Voltage (V_batt) = 12V
89
+ - Current drawn from battery (I_batt) = P_batt / V_batt
90
+ - I_batt = 5.88W / 12V ≈ 0.49 Amps
91
+
92
+**4. Compare to Rated Discharge:**
93
+ - The battery's capacity (2.6Ah) is rated for a 20-hour discharge (as noted in the file: `12V2.6Ah/20hr`).
94
+ - Rated Discharge Current (I_rated) = 2.6Ah / 20h = 0.13 Amps
95
+ - The calculated draw (0.49A) is significantly higher than the rated discharge current (0.13A).
96
+
97
+**5. Calculate Ideal Runtime (Ignoring Peukert's Effect):**
98
+ - Battery Capacity (C) = 2.6Ah
99
+ - Ideal Runtime (T_ideal) = C / I_batt
100
+ - T_ideal = 2.6Ah / 0.49A ≈ 5.3 hours
101
+
102
+**6. Consider Peukert's Effect:**
103
+ - Lead-acid batteries deliver less total capacity when discharged at rates higher than their rating (Peukert's Law).
104
+ - Since 0.49A is much higher than the 0.13A rating, the *effective* capacity will be lower than 2.6Ah.
105
+
106
+**Conclusion:**
107
+
108
+The **ideal calculated runtime is approximately 5.3 hours**. However, due to the higher discharge current (0.49A vs. the 0.13A rating), the actual runtime will be **noticeably less than 5.3 hours**. The exact reduction depends on the specific Peukert exponent of this battery model, which is not provided.
109
+
110
+
111
+## app
112
+
113
+- [[power-storage-dat]]
114
+
115
+## ref
116
+
117
+- [[Lead-acid-battery]] - [[battery-rechargerable]] - [[power]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
battery-dat/battery-capacity-dat/battery-capacity-dat.md
... ...
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Time = 5000 mAh ÷ 500 mA = 10 hours
83 83
84 84
## Car Sedan Lead-Acid battery
85 85
86
-- [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
86
+- [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
87 87
88 88
- Typical Voltage (V): 12 V
89 89
- Typical Capacity Range (Ah): 40 Ah to 70 Ah
... ...
@@ -164,4 +164,4 @@ A 2000mAh, 3.7V power bank can theoretically supply a device drawing 1A at 5V fo
164 164
165 165
## ref
166 166
167
-- [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
0
+- [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
battery-dat/battery-dat.md
... ...
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
45 45
46 46
- [[battery-dat]]
47 47
48
-- [[battery-rechargerable-dat]] - [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]] - [[battery-LFP-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat]]
48
+- [[battery-rechargerable-dat]] - [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]] - [[battery-LFP-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat]]
49 49
50 50
- [[battery-protection-dat]]
51 51
battery-dat/battery-li-dat/Battery-li-Ternary-dat/Battery-li-Ternary-dat.md
... ...
@@ -3,6 +3,88 @@
3 3
# Ternary-Lithium-Battery-dat
4 4
5 5
6
-- [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat/NCM-dat/NCM-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat/NCA-dat/NCA-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat/Ternary-Lithium-Battery-dat/Ternary-Lithium-Battery-dat]]
6
+- [[NCM-dat]] - [[NCA-dat]] - [[battery-NCM-NCA-dat]] - [[Battery-li-Ternary-dat]]
7 7
8 8
9
+
10
+
11
+## parent category
12
+
13
+main category:
14
+
15
+ ┌───────────────────────────────┐
16
+ │ Lithium-Ion Batteries │
17
+ └───────────────┬───────────────┘
18
+ │
19
+ ┌────────────────────────┼────────────────────────┐
20
+ │ │ │
21
+ ┌────────┴────────┐ ┌────────┴────────┐ ┌────────┴────────┐
22
+ │ Ternary (NCM) │ │ LFP │ │ LCO │
23
+ │ Nickel-Cobalt- │ │ Lithium Iron │ │ Lithium Cobalt │
24
+ │ Manganese │ │ Phosphate │ │ Oxide │
25
+ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
26
+ (Premium EVs, RC, (Standard EVs, (Smartphones,
27
+ drones, laptops) power grids) early tech)
28
+
29
+
30
+
31
+## by materials composition
32
+
33
+A **ternary battery** is defined by its unique three-metal mixture in the cathode, but it relies on a complete system of highly engineered materials to function. Here is the exact material composition of a standard ternary lithium-ion battery.
34
+
35
+---
36
+
37
+## 1. The Cathode Materials (Positive Electrode)
38
+The cathode is the core defining component of a ternary battery. It utilizes a layered lithium transition metal oxide structure containing three distinct metallic elements. There are two primary commercial formulations:
39
+
40
+### Option A: NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese)
41
+This is the most widely used variation in the electric vehicle and energy storage industries.
42
+* **Active Chemical:** Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide ($LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO_2$)
43
+* **Metal Functions:**
44
+ * **Nickel (Ni):** Provides high energy density. Higher nickel content allows the battery to store more charge per unit of weight.
45
+ * **Cobalt (Co):** Ensures structural stability, minimizes structural defects in the crystal lattice, and enhances electrical conductivity.
46
+ * **Manganese (Mn):** Acts as a structural stabilizer. It does not participate in the electrochemical reactions directly but maintains the safety and integrity of the lattice at high temperatures.
47
+
48
+> **Common Material Ratios:**
49
+> * **NCM 523:** 50% Nickel, 20% Cobalt, 30% Manganese (Excellent thermal stability, standard baseline).
50
+> * **NCM 622:** 60% Nickel, 20% Cobalt, 20% Manganese.
51
+> * **NCM 811:** 80% Nickel, 10% Cobalt, 10% Manganese (High-nickel formulation; maximizes energy density but requires advanced thermal management systems).
52
+
53
+### Option B: NCA (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum)
54
+Commonly used in specific premium EV configurations and high-end consumer electronics.
55
+* **Active Chemical:** Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide ($LiNi_xCo_yAl_zO_2$)
56
+* **Role of Aluminum (Al):** Replaces manganese to act as the stabilizing agent. Aluminum reduces overall weight while maintaining structural safety, yielding incredibly high specific energy.
57
+
58
+---
59
+
60
+## 2. The Anode Materials (Negative Electrode)
61
+The anode stores lithium ions when the battery is in a charged state.
62
+* **Graphite (Natural or Synthetic):** The primary industry standard. It features a layered crystalline structure that allows lithium ions to slip between the carbon sheets cleanly (intercalation).
63
+* **Silicon-Carbon Composite ($Si/C$):** Used in advanced, high-capacity ternary cells. A small percentage of silicon is blended into the graphite matrix. Silicon can bind significantly more lithium ions than carbon alone, though it undergoes high volume expansion during cycling.
64
+
65
+---
66
+
67
+## 3. The Electrolyte Materials
68
+The electrolyte acts as the transport medium for the lithium ions moving between the cathode and anode.
69
+* **Lithium Salt:** Typically **Lithium Hexafluorophosphate ($LiPF_6$)**, chosen for its high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
70
+* **Organic Solvents:** A blend of cyclic and linear carbonates designed to dissolve the lithium salt effectively while maintaining low viscosity:
71
+ * Ethylene Carbonate (EC)
72
+ * Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC)
73
+ * Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC)
74
+* **Functional Additives:** Proprietary chemicals (such as Vinylene Carbonate or Fluoroethylene Carbonate) added in low percentages (<5%) to form a stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) film and prevent gas generation.
75
+
76
+---
77
+
78
+## 4. Structural Components & Current Collectors
79
+These materials hold the chemical components together and facilitate current flow out of the cell.
80
+
81
+* **Cathode Current Collector:** **Aluminum foil** (typically 10–15 microns thick). It resists oxidation at the high operating potentials of the ternary cathode material.
82
+* **Anode Current Collector:** **Copper foil** (typically 4–8 microns thick). Chosen because it is highly conductive and does not form alloys with lithium at low operational voltages.
83
+* **Separator:** A micro-porous membrane made of polyolefins like **Polyethylene (PE)** or **Polypropylene (PP)**.
84
+ * **Ceramic Coating:** High-performance ternary batteries apply a nano-scale layer of **Alumina ($Al_2O_3$)** or boehmite onto the separator to improve its thermal shrinkage resistance and prevent internal short circuits under high temperatures.
85
+
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+
87
+
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+
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+## ref
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+
battery-dat/battery-li-dat/battery-li-LFP-dat/battery-li-LFP-dat.md
... ...
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
13 13
14 14
- [[32650-dat]] - [[battery-LFP-dat]]
15 15
16
-- [[battery-rechargerable-dat]] - [[battery-LI-dat]] - [[battery-LFP-dat]]
16
+- [[battery-rechargerable-dat]] - [[battery-LI-dat]] - [[battery-li-LFP-dat]]
17 17
18 18
legacy wiki page == https://www.electrodragon.com/w/LFP_Battery
19 19
... ...
@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@ legacy wiki page == https://www.electrodragon.com/w/LFP_Battery
21 21
这种电池通常被称为“铁锂”。它的正极材料使用的是磷酸铁锂。
22 22
23 23
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+
25
+## Quick Reference Parameter Matrix
26
+
27
+| Technical Parameter | Value (Per Cell) | Configuration Notes |
28
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
29
+| **Nominal Voltage** | 3.20 V | Standard for calculating pack series ($S$) configurations |
30
+| **Max Charge Voltage** | 3.65 V | Hard threshold for Constant Voltage (CV) charging phase |
31
+| **Discharge Cut-off** | 2.50 V | Standard BMS protection trigger point |
32
+| **Cycle Life (to 80% SoC)** | 3,000+ Cycles | Evaluated at standard 1C charge/discharge rates |
33
+| **Charging Algorithm** | CC/CV | Constant Current followed by Constant Voltage tapering |
34
+
35
+
36
+
37
+
24 38
## LFP charger
25 39
26 40
- [[TP5000-dat]] - [[TP-dat]]
... ...
@@ -100,14 +114,16 @@ A **LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** battery is a type of lithium-ion battery
100 114
101 115
## Comparison with Lead-Acid Batteries:
102 116
103
-| Feature | LiFePO4 Battery | Lead-Acid Battery |
104
-|--------------------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|
105
-| Lifespan | 2,000–5,000+ cycles | 300–500 cycles |
106
-| Weight | ~50% lighter | Heavier |
107
-| Maintenance | Maintenance-free | Requires maintenance |
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-| Depth of Discharge (DoD) | Up to 80–100% | 50–60% |
109
-| Energy Efficiency | ~95% | ~70% |
110
-| Charging Time | 2–4 hours (fast charging) | 6–12 hours |
117
+- [[battery-Lead-Acid-dat]]
118
+
119
+| Feature | LiFePO4 Battery | Lead-Acid Battery |
120
+| ------------------------ | ------------------------- | -------------------- |
121
+| Lifespan | 2,000–5,000+ cycles | 300–500 cycles |
122
+| Weight | ~50% lighter | Heavier |
123
+| Maintenance | Maintenance-free | Requires maintenance |
124
+| Depth of Discharge (DoD) | Up to 80–100% | 50–60% |
125
+| Energy Efficiency | ~95% | ~70% |
126
+| Charging Time | 2–4 hours (fast charging) | 6–12 hours |
111 127
112 128
113 129
... ...
@@ -115,17 +131,17 @@ A **LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** battery is a type of lithium-ion battery
115 131
116 132
## Key Differences Between LiFePO4 and Lithium-Ion Batteries
117 133
118
-| Feature | **LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** | **Generic Lithium-Ion (e.g., LiCoO₂)** |
119
-|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
120
-| **Chemistry** | Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) | Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO₂), Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn₂O₄), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC), etc. |
121
-| **Lifespan** | 2,000–5,000+ cycles | 500–1,000 cycles |
122
-| **Energy Density** | Lower (~90–120 Wh/kg) | Higher (~150–250 Wh/kg) |
123
-| **Safety** | Extremely safe, resistant to overheating or fire | Less safe, more prone to overheating and thermal runaway |
124
-| **Cost** | Typically more expensive upfront | Less expensive upfront |
125
-| **Weight** | Slightly heavier | Lighter |
126
-| **Temperature Range** | Performs well in wide temperatures (-20°C to 60°C) | Narrower operating range |
127
-| **Discharge Rate** | Can handle high discharge rates | May degrade faster under high discharge |
128
-| **Environmental Impact** | More eco-friendly, contains no cobalt | May use cobalt, which has environmental and ethical concerns |
134
+| Feature | **LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** | **Generic Lithium-Ion (e.g., LiCoO₂)** |
135
+| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
136
+| **Chemistry** | Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) | Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO₂), Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn₂O₄), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC), etc. |
137
+| **Lifespan** | 2,000–5,000+ cycles | 500–1,000 cycles |
138
+| **Energy Density** | Lower (~90–120 Wh/kg) | Higher (~150–250 Wh/kg) |
139
+| **Safety** | Extremely safe, resistant to overheating or fire | Less safe, more prone to overheating and thermal runaway |
140
+| **Cost** | Typically more expensive upfront | Less expensive upfront |
141
+| **Weight** | Slightly heavier | Lighter |
142
+| **Temperature Range** | Performs well in wide temperatures (-20°C to 60°C) | Narrower operating range |
143
+| **Discharge Rate** | Can handle high discharge rates | May degrade faster under high discharge |
144
+| **Environmental Impact** | More eco-friendly, contains no cobalt | May use cobalt, which has environmental and ethical concerns |
129 145
130 146
## Why is LiFePO4 considered a type of lithium-ion battery?
131 147
battery-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat/battery-rechargerable-dat.md
... ...
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
48 48
49 49
## Types
50 50
51
-- [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]] - [[li-battery-dat]]
51
+- [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]] - [[li-battery-dat]]
52 52
53 53
- [[LFP-dat]]
54 54
cable-dat/cable-power-dat/cable-battery-dat/cable-battery-dat.md
... ...
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
11 11
12 12
## high current cable
13 13
14
-for - [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
14
+for - [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
15 15
16 16
![](2026-05-20-00-41-03.png)
17 17
weekly-dat/2024-April-dat/2024-April-dat.md
... ...
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This a weekly update newsletter, to briefly tell you whats new and whats fun we
27 27
28 28
- new shipping rules find out for US [[US-dat]]
29 29
30
-- add some more battery info about [[Lead-acid-battery-dat]]
30
+- add some more battery info about [[battery-Lead-acid-dat]]
31 31
32 32
- add more info about [[fiber-optic-dat]] and [[POF-dat]], we are going to make more relevant boards soon.
33 33