Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-dat.md
... ...
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
16 16
17 17
- [[physics-dat]]
18 18
19
+
20
+
19 21
## motor type
20 22
21 23
brushed
... ...
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ brushless
58 60
| Stepper motor | Harmonic / Worm | Precision gear movement |
59 61
60 62
63
+
61 64
## coreless Motor vs. Brushless Motor
62 65
63 66
## ⚙️ Coreless Motor vs. Brushless Motor
... ...
@@ -79,6 +82,16 @@ brushless
79 82
| **Best For** | Micro motors, medical devices, toys, robotics | Drones, RC vehicles, electric tools, e-bikes |
80 83
81 84
85
+## motor by purpose
86
+
87
+- [[motor-dat]] - [[waterpoof-dat]] - [[motor-waterproof-dat]]
88
+
89
+
90
+
91
+
92
+
93
+
94
+
82 95
## commerlized motor system demo
83 96
84 97
![](2025-04-02-17-27-39.png)
Tech-dat/acturator-dat/motor-dat/motor-waterproof-dat/motor-waterproof-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
1
+
2
+# motor-waterproof-dat
3
+
4
+
5
+## 1. Use a Motor Housing (External Enclosure)
6
+You place the motor *outside the water* by sealing it in a waterproof enclosure.
7
+
8
+- [[waterproof-container-dat]]
9
+
10
+### Requirements:
11
+- A sealed plastic/metal container (PVC tube, acrylic box, aluminum canister)
12
+- Rubber O-rings
13
+- Waterproof cable gland
14
+
15
+### Why this is best:
16
+- The motor stays dry.
17
+- Very reliable and safe.
18
+- Easy to repair.
19
+
20
+---
21
+
22
+## 2. Waterproof the Output Shaft Area
23
+This is the part where water enters the fastest.
24
+
25
+### Methods:
26
+- **Double Rubber Shaft Seals** (radial shaft seals)
27
+- **Grease-filled Bearing Chamber**
28
+ Grease blocks small leaks and lubricates the shaft.
29
+- **Ceramic or Stainless Shaft Sleeve**
30
+ Reduces rust and seal wear.
31
+
32
+---
33
+
34
+## 3. Coat the Motor Internals (Not Recommended for Beginners)
35
+Some hobbyists use:
36
+- Epoxy resin coating
37
+- Waterproof varnish (for coils)
38
+
39
+But this has limits:
40
+- Hard to do evenly
41
+- Heat dissipation becomes worse
42
+- Bearings still rust unless replaced with stainless ones
43
+
44
+---
45
+
46
+## 4. Use Oil-Filled Motor Housing
47
+Some underwater ROVs fill the motor compartment with **mineral oil** to equalize pressure.
48
+
49
+Advantages:
50
+- No water ingress
51
+- Better cooling
52
+- Works at greater depth
53
+
54
+Disadvantages:
55
+- You need a sealed box
56
+- Oil leaking is messy
57
+- Not suitable for small toy motors unless well designed
58
+
59
+---
60
+
61
+## 5. Replace Bearings + Hardware
62
+To avoid corrosion:
63
+- Use **stainless steel** bearings
64
+- Use **stainless screws**
65
+- Avoid carbon steel
66
+
67
+---
68
+
69
+# Summary: Best Practical Method
70
+The **best and safest** way is:
71
+
72
+> Put the motor inside a waterproof container + use a sealed output shaft.
73
+
74
+This is the same method used by:
75
+- Underwater drones
76
+- Bilge pumps
77
+- Pool robots
78
+
79
+
80
+## ref
81
+
82
+- [[motor-dat]] - [[waterproof-dat]] - [[motor-waterproof-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-
3
-# pressure-dat
4
-
5
-## math
6
-
7
-### 1. Pressure at 10 m depth (clear numbers)
8
-
9
-Water density: 1000 kg/m³
10
-Gravity: 9.81 m/s²
11
-Depth: 10 m
12
-
13
-**Gauge pressure**
14
-p = ρ × g × h
15
-p = 1000 × 9.81 × 10
16
-p = **98,100 Pa** (≈ 0.981 bar)
17
-
18
-**Absolute pressure**
19
-p_abs = 98,100 + 101,325 = **199,425 Pa**
20
-≈ **2.0 bar absolute** (≈ 2 atmospheres)
21
-
22
----
23
-
24
-### 2. Force example on a small area
25
-Area: 10 cm × 10 cm = 0.01 m²
26
-Force = pressure × area
27
-= 98,100 Pa × 0.01 m²
28
-= **981 N** ≈ **100 kgf**
29
-
30
-So every 10×10 cm patch is like having **100 kg of weight** pushing inward on it.
31
-
32
-
33
-## info
34
-
35
-❌ 浮法（退火）玻璃是脆性材料
36
-
37
-任何小划痕、边缘瑕疵、粘接处，都会极大降低强度。
38
-
39
-❌ 平板承压最危险
40
-
41
-平板比圆柱、半球弱得多，水压会让平板中间产生最大弯曲，应力非常集中。
42
-
43
-❌ 5 mm 玻璃太薄
44
-
45
-商用能下水的玻璃或亚克力窗厚度通常要 10–25 mm（视尺寸而定），而且多数采用圆弧结构。
46
-
47
-❌ DIY 结构没有安全裕度
48
-
49
-工程上至少需要 3 倍安全系数，DIY 的平板盒子基本没有。
50
-
51
-工程界和水下设备圈普遍共识：
52
-
53
-5 mm 浮法玻璃做平板窗，只要面积超过手机屏幕大小，3–5 米深度就已经存在高风险破裂。
54
-
55
-你这块面板比手机屏幕大了很多倍。
56
-
57
-
58
-## ref
59
-
60
-- [[environment-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/2025-11-26-21-26-38.png
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Binary files a/Tech-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/2025-11-26-21-26-38.png and /dev/null differ
Tech-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/pressure-design-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
1
-
2
-# pressure-design-dat
3
-
4
-- [[submarine-dat]]
5
-
6
-
7
-## pressure design common
8
-
9
-![](2025-11-26-21-26-38.png)
10
-
11
-
12
-## ref
13
-
14
-- [[waterproof-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/waterproof-dat/waterproof-container-dat/waterproof-container-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# waterproof-container-dat
4
+
5
+- PVC tube
6
+- acrylic box
7
+- aluminum canister
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
13
+- [[waterproof-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
Tech-dat/waterproof-dat/waterproof-dat.md
... ...
@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@
7 7
8 8
- [[waterproof-connector-dat]]
9 9
10
+- [[waterpoof-motor-dat]] - [[motor-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[waterproof-container-dat]]
13
+
14
+- [[waterproof-sealant-dat]]
15
+
10 16
11 17
## waterproof level
12 18
Tech-dat/waterproof-dat/waterproof-sealant-dat/waterproof-sealant-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
1
+
2
+# waterproof-sealant-dat
3
+
4
+- [[oil-mineral-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[silicon-grease-dat]]
7
+
8
+
9
+
10
+
11
+## ref
12
+
13
+- [[waterproof-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
app-dat/PNP-machine-dat/pnp-header-dat/pnp-header-dat.md
... ...
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ thick plastic sleeve / 3 ball bearing / [[nozzle-dat]]
12 12
13 13
- 2x vacum pump port
14 14
- 2x picker port
15
+- 2x light indicator port on the shell
15 16
- 1x Z axis motor port
16 17
- ...
17 18
mechanics-dat/glue-dat/glue-dat.md
... ...
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
5 5
6 6
- [[hot-gun-glue-dat]] - [[502-glue-dat]] - [[epoxy-glue-dat]] (AB Glue) - [[uv-glue-dat]]
7 7
8
+- [[glue-ABS-dat]]
9
+
10
+- [[glue-PVC-dat]]
11
+
8 12
9 13
# 🔍 Comparison of Adhesives
10 14
mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-system-dat/PVC-tube-dat/PVC-tube-dat.md
... ...
@@ -17,7 +17,93 @@
17 17
| 14mm | 1mm | [1 meter] |
18 18
| 16mm | 2mm | [1 meter] |
19 19
20
-#### Connector
20
+- [[pressure-dat]] - [[physics-dat]]
21
+
22
+- [[pressure-design-dat]]
23
+
24
+
25
+## PVC tube tools
26
+
27
+- [[cutter-dat]] special PVC tube cutter
28
+
29
+- [[glue-dat]]
30
+
31
+
32
+
33
+
34
+## PVC DN standard
35
+
36
+**DN** = **Nominal Diameter** (measured in millimeters, mm).
37
+It is a standardized naming system mainly used in ISO, European, and British pipe standards.
38
+
39
+### Meaning
40
+- **DN16** → Nominal Diameter **16 mm**
41
+- **DN25** → Nominal Diameter **25 mm**
42
+
43
+Note: DN is an approximate *reference size*. Actual inner and outer diameters vary by material and pressure rating.
44
+
45
+---
46
+
47
+### Common Outer Diameters (Example: ISO / PPR / PVC Systems)
48
+
49
+| DN Size | Typical OD | Notes |
50
+|--------|-------------|-------|
51
+| **DN16** | ~20–25 mm OD | Small pipe for irrigation or household plumbing |
52
+| **DN25** | ~32–34 mm OD | Common water supply pipe size |
53
+
54
+---
55
+
56
+### DN vs OD vs ID
57
+- **DN** → Naming size (not exact)
58
+- **OD** → Outer Diameter (actual measured size)
59
+- **ID** → Inner Diameter (depends on wall thickness)
60
+
61
+Example (PVC PN16):
62
+- DN25 → OD 32 mm
63
+- DN16 → OD 20 mm
64
+
65
+
66
+
67
+
68
+
69
+## PVC tube under hydrostatic pressure
70
+
71
+### Overview
72
+Quick reference for hydrostatic pressure effects on PVC tubes and why common PVC piping and joints are unsuitable for deep-water use.
73
+
74
+### Pressure basics
75
+- Water pressure increases by ~1 atmosphere (≈ 0.1 MPa) every 10 m of depth.
76
+- At 100 m depth the absolute pressure is roughly 11 atm ≈ 1.1 MPa.
77
+
78
+### Common PVC pressure ratings (internal pressure)
79
+- PN10: rated ~1.0 MPa (≈ 100 m water column)
80
+- PN16: rated ~1.6 MPa (≈ 160 m water column)
81
+
82
+Note: These ratings apply to internal-pressure tests (pipe containing pressurized fluid). External hydrostatic pressure (surrounding water pressing inward) is a different loading condition and can be more damaging.
83
+
84
+### Failure modes under external (deep-water) pressure
85
+- Wall collapse (pipe being crushed inward)
86
+- Deformation at solvent-welded joints
87
+- Micro-cracks or fissures forming near joints
88
+- Joint regions are mechanically weaker than the pipe body and typically fail first
89
+
90
+### Can ordinary PVC solvent-weld joints survive at 100 m depth?
91
+Short answer: No guarantee. Standard household PVC with solvent-welded joints is not suitable for long-term deep-water use.
92
+
93
+### Reasons
94
+1. Solvent-weld joint strength is usually lower than the pipe material itself — joints tend to fail first under high loads.
95
+2. Joints are vulnerable to deformation from external pressure — compression can open gaps in the sealed zone.
96
+3. PVC pipe material is not designed for sustained external hydrostatic compression — deep-water loads can produce micro-cracks or permanent deformation.
97
+4. Temperature fluctuations cause seal fatigue — large temperature changes (common in deep water) increase stresses at joints and accelerate failure.
98
+
99
+### Recommendation
100
+For DIY or household use, do not rely on PVC + solvent welding for sustained operation at ~100 m depth. Use purpose-built pressure housings, materials, and joining methods rated for external hydrostatic pressure
101
+
102
+
103
+
104
+
105
+
106
+## Connector
21 107
22 108
1D
23 109
mechanics-dat/mechanical-structure-dat/rod-system-dat/rod-system-dat.md
... ...
@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
1 1
2 2
# rod-system-dat
3 3
4
-- [[shaft-dat]] - [[PVC-tube-dat]]
4
+- [[shaft-dat]]
5
+
6
+- [[PVC-tube-dat]]
5 7
6 8
- [[carbon-rods-dat]]
7 9
10
+- [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]]
11
+
12
+- [[stainless-steel-hallow-tube-dat]]
13
+
8 14
## size
9 15
10 16
- 3mm [[ABS-dat]] [[shaft-dat]] - weak
11 17
12
-- 3mm [[stainless-steel-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]] - ?
18
+- 3mm [[stainless-steel-solid-tube-dat]] - [[shaft-dat]] - ?
13 19
14 20
15 21
... ...
@@ -19,6 +25,13 @@
19 25
20 26
- [[shaft-limit-ring-dat]] - [[shaft-coupler-dat]]
21 27
28
+- [[flange-dat]]
29
+
30
+
31
+
32
+
33
+
34
+
22 35
23 36
## compare
24 37
... ...
@@ -33,9 +46,8 @@
33 46
| **Weight-to-Strength Ratio** | Extremely high (very strong per gram) | Low (heavier for same strength) |
34 47
| **Practical Notes** | Ideal for **lightweight reinforcement**, RC aircraft spars, hobby robotics | Better for **impact-heavy or load-bearing metal parts**, mechanical shafts |
35 48
36
----
37 49
38
-## Summary
50
+### Summary
39 51
40 52
- **Carbon rod** is **much lighter** and very stiff; for **bending stiffness** or lightweight structure, it is stronger per weight.
41 53
- **Stainless steel rod** is **heavier but tougher**; it can withstand impact and bending better without snapping.
mechanics-dat/physics-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
1
+
2
+
3
+# pressure-dat
4
+
5
+
6
+- [[pressure-design-dat]]
7
+
8
+- [[waterproof-dat]]
9
+
10
+
11
+## ✔ What Are PN16 and PN10?
12
+
13
+PN = Pressure Nominal
14
+
15
+It indicates the maximum working pressure a pipe or fitting can handle at 20°C.
16
+
17
+PN10 → Rated for 10 bar pressure (≈ 1.0 MPa)
18
+
19
+PN16 → Rated for 16 bar pressure (≈ 1.6 MPa)
20
+
21
+1 bar ≈ atmospheric pressure at sea level.
22
+
23
+### ✔ Meaning in Practical Use
24
+
25
+Rating Max Pressure Typical Use
26
+PN10 10 bar Low–medium pressure water, irrigation, drainage
27
+PN16 16 bar Higher pressure water systems, pumps, industrial use
28
+
29
+### ✔ PN Rating Applies To:
30
+
31
+- PVC pipes
32
+- PPR pipes
33
+- HDPE pipes
34
+- Metal fittings
35
+- Valves and connectors
36
+
37
+
38
+## math
39
+
40
+### 1. Pressure at 10 m depth (clear numbers)
41
+
42
+Water density: 1000 kg/m³
43
+Gravity: 9.81 m/s²
44
+Depth: 10 m
45
+
46
+**Gauge pressure**
47
+p = ρ × g × h
48
+p = 1000 × 9.81 × 10
49
+p = **98,100 Pa** (≈ 0.981 bar)
50
+
51
+**Absolute pressure**
52
+p_abs = 98,100 + 101,325 = **199,425 Pa**
53
+≈ **2.0 bar absolute** (≈ 2 atmospheres)
54
+
55
+---
56
+
57
+### 2. Force example on a small area
58
+Area: 10 cm × 10 cm = 0.01 m²
59
+Force = pressure × area
60
+= 98,100 Pa × 0.01 m²
61
+= **981 N** ≈ **100 kgf**
62
+
63
+So every 10×10 cm patch is like having **100 kg of weight** pushing inward on it.
64
+
65
+
66
+## info
67
+
68
+❌ 浮法（退火）玻璃是脆性材料
69
+
70
+任何小划痕、边缘瑕疵、粘接处，都会极大降低强度。
71
+
72
+❌ 平板承压最危险
73
+
74
+平板比圆柱、半球弱得多，水压会让平板中间产生最大弯曲，应力非常集中。
75
+
76
+❌ 5 mm 玻璃太薄
77
+
78
+商用能下水的玻璃或亚克力窗厚度通常要 10–25 mm（视尺寸而定），而且多数采用圆弧结构。
79
+
80
+❌ DIY 结构没有安全裕度
81
+
82
+工程上至少需要 3 倍安全系数，DIY 的平板盒子基本没有。
83
+
84
+工程界和水下设备圈普遍共识：
85
+
86
+5 mm 浮法玻璃做平板窗，只要面积超过手机屏幕大小，3–5 米深度就已经存在高风险破裂。
87
+
88
+你这块面板比手机屏幕大了很多倍。
89
+
90
+
91
+## ref
92
+
93
+- [[environment-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file
mechanics-dat/physics-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/2025-11-26-21-26-38.png
... ...
Binary files /dev/null and b/mechanics-dat/physics-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/2025-11-26-21-26-38.png differ
mechanics-dat/physics-dat/pressure-dat/pressure-design-dat/pressure-design-dat.md
... ...
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
1
+
2
+# pressure-design-dat
3
+
4
+- [[submarine-dat]]
5
+
6
+
7
+## pressure design common
8
+
9
+![](2025-11-26-21-26-38.png)
10
+
11
+
12
+## using tube
13
+
14
+✔ 如果你确实需要使用到水下 100 米，应该怎么做？
15
+
16
+要用：
17
+
18
+1. 工业级厚壁 PVC（PN16 或更高）
19
+
20
+但仍不推荐深水外压环境。
21
+
22
+2. 使用法兰接口 + O 型环密封
23
+
24
+强度远高于普通胶水接口。
25
+
26
+3. 使用金属管（不锈钢 316L）更可靠
27
+✔ 最重要一句：
28
+
29
+👉 深水应用中，不推荐任何塑料胶水封接方式。
30
+必须使用机械密封（法兰 + O-ring）、金属、或专用深水级设备。
31
+
32
+
33
+
34
+
35
+
36
+
37
+## ref
38
+
39
+- [[waterproof-dat]]
... ...
\ No newline at end of file