programming-dat

Feature	ICP (In-Circuit Programming)	ISP (In-System Programming)
Full Name	In-Circuit Programming	In-System Programming
Purpose	Programs a microcontroller while it is still on the circuit	Programs a microcontroller without removing it from the system
Connection Requirement	Requires access to programming pins on the circuit board	Uses standard communication interfaces (SPI, UART, etc.)
Typical Usage Stage	Manufacturing/test stage	Field updates and development stage
System Power	Often requires external programming power	Uses system power (target board can be powered)
Microcontroller State	Can be programmed even if microcontroller is blank	Assumes microcontroller has a working bootloader or interface
Tools Used	Dedicated programmer/debugger (e.g., JTAG, SWD)	On-board bootloader, or external programmer via standard I/O
Flexibility	Less flexible for field upgrades	More flexible; supports firmware updates without disassembly
Hardware Complexity	May require additional programming circuitry	Minimal extra hardware required
Examples	Programming via JTAG or SWD interfaces	Programming via USB, UART, SPI using bootloader or firmware

• hex-dat - bin-dat

ICP-dat

If ISP fails or UART is unavailable, consider using ICP via SWD with Nuvoton's Nu-Link debugger.

ref

• ISP-dat - ICP-dat